基于Amzi! Prolog的帆船辅助训练专家系统

为指导帆船运动员对训练中常见问题进行判断和故障排除操作,构建此帆船辅助训练专家系统.此系统将帆船训练和帆船比赛等有关的知识和经验转换成计算机可处理的规则和事实,建立基于规则和事实的诊断树;将Delphi扩展谓词技术应用于界面的显示和控制,方便的实现了专家系统的诊断界面随着诊断的深入,一步步动态变化的过程.帆船辅助训练专家系统不仅仅是1种新型的训练辅助手段,而且是1种实现帆船教练的经验知识共享的有效平台.     

多参数帆船运动监测系统研究

本文根据帆船运动操作各部分的实际需要,寻找航向角、帆角、船速之间的定量关系,设计并实现了一套参数帆船运动监测系统。利用多传感器的有效数据融合,实现了相对于现在国内帆船运动数据测量的更高准确度的要求。通过在帆船搭建系统,进行多次出海训练采集有关运动数据,并MATLAB方法进行数据分析,实现了在某一风流条件下,帆角速度变化数据图和航向角速度变化数据图,为更好指导帆船训练比赛提供数据依据。     

2008奥运会帆船基地平面物理模型试验研究

2008北京奥运会青岛帆船比赛基地的平面布置对港内泊稳条件、比赛效果、场地外观等提出较高要求。文中总结帆船比赛基地平面布置的水工物理模型试验成果,分析赛船区的泊稳条件,讨论布局合理性,并提出改进措施。     

浮山湾帆船赛场水动力条件数值模拟

潮流数值计算是研究海域现状潮流场及预测潮流场分布的一个重要方法.根据帆船比赛的要求,结合青岛浮山湾及邻近海域的地理信息,应用分步杂交方法建立浮山湾变边界潮流数值模型进行模拟计算,分析浮山湾帆船赛场的水动力条件,从潮波、海水流速等方面证明选址的合理性.结果表明,浮山湾及附近海域的水动力和气候务件等均能够满足帆船比赛的要求.     

青岛市作为2008年奥运会海上赛场可行性分析

为支持北京申办2008年奥运会，青岛已在前年四月份、六月份和去年四月份先后三次向国家体育总局和北京市政府递交了要求承办2008年奥运会海上项目的申办报告。前年十月国际帆船联合会主席保尔－亨德森先生在视察青岛时认为，就青岛的城市环境、水域状况而完全有条件承办奥运会的帆船、帆板比赛，同意把奥运帆船比赛放在青岛举行。本文从青岛市优越的自然环境有社会环境来分析将其作为奥运海上赛场的可行性。     

亚运帆赛战鼓声响 海洋预报保驾护航——广州亚运会海洋预报服务系统建设和运作纪实

随着以“水”为主题的大型开幕式文艺表演《启航》拉开帷幕,第16届亚洲运动会于11月12日在广州开幕,其中帆船比赛项目于14日-21日在汕尾市红海湾遮浪半岛海域举行。帆船项目是对海洋环境最敏感的运动项目之一,准确的海流、海浪、潮汐和水温的预测和观测服务关系到帆船比赛的顺利进行。     

用多波束系统对奥运帆船赛区进行水深地形测量的建议

2008年奥运帆船比赛将在青岛举行。预选赛场如何符合帆船比赛的要求?海底是否有影响运动员安全的障碍物7为此，建议对预选赛场海区进行多波束全覆盖水深地形测量。同时介绍了多波束测深系统的先进性以及在许多海洋工程中的应用。     

青岛国际帆船中心工程设计关键问题及解决方案

青岛国际帆船中心是2008年第29届北京奥运会和第12届残奥会帆船比赛以及未来国际圆内重要海上比赛项目的基地,其设计引起了国内外诸多专家、学者的高度重视和广泛关注,几经修改,设计方案最终得以通过。本文简要阐述了工程建设内容、设计指导思想、设计船型选取、泊稳条件分析等设计关键问题,总结了其工程设计经验,为未来相关工程设计提供参考和经验借鉴。     

奥运青岛帆船赛场气象服务关键技术分析

帆船比赛是与气象关系最密切的比赛项目。以青岛8，9月份的天气为分析、预报的对象，在深入分析及参照悉尼2000年奥运气象服务的预报技术组成、实施方法与技术要求的基础上，分析讨论了青岛奥运帆船比赛气象服务体系中关键性环节的技术要求与技术构成。主要研究问题包括：（1）GIS青岛气象资料预报服务系统；（2）青岛地区站点的布设及资料观测系统；（3）青岛夏秋Nowcasting集成预报系统。     

帆船·要素阶

帆船运动场地及设施要素 帆船正式比赛的场地距海岸应有0．5～2千米，需要在开阔的水域上设4～5个比赛场地，每个场地直径约为1．9～3．6千米。这些区域水流不宜太大，水深不宜超过30米，不允许有固体漂浮物，渔网、渔排等障碍物。赛前及比赛期间这些场地区域对民用船及商业船只应当实行禁航。由海警在各区域外值守。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.