基于多源遥感数据的北京市通州区土地利用/覆盖与生态环境变化监测研究

土地利用/覆盖与生态环境状况是衡量城市发展水平的重要指标,对于城市建设有着极其重要的作用。该文采用2006-2016年ETM+数据和Sentinel-2A数据,对北京市通州区的土地利用/覆盖和生态环境变化进行了分析,并探讨了其驱动因素。结果表明:2006-2016年北京市通州区耕地显著减少,建筑用地和城市绿化面积增加,水域面积稳中有升;生态环境质量在前5年有一定下降,而在后5年有了明显改善;北京市通州区土地利用/覆盖和生态环境变化的主要原因有政策与重大事件影响、人口与经济发展建设两方面因素,其中政策与重大事件影响在短期内作用显著,而人口与经济发展建设则对土地利用/覆盖和生态环境变化有着长期且复杂的作用。该研究可对北京副中心和京津冀一体化建设提供参考。     

2001年—2009年中国及周边国家土地利用/覆盖变化分析

土地利用/覆盖变化能一定程度上反映国土开发变化特征,如何将传统的土地利用/覆盖变化研究与面向周边的国家区域发展战略相结合,成为土地利用/覆盖变化研究的新问题。基于研究区2001年、2009年两期M0DIS土地利用/土地覆盖数据,对土地利用/覆盖变化的格局、过程、驱动力进行了分析,进而提出了未来双边合作的方向。结果表明:2001年-2009年期间,除了水域和林地面积减少以外,草地、耕地、建设用地、未利用地面积都是增加的;除全球环境变化等自然因素外,国家政策、人口增长、经济发展等人类因素是土地利用/覆盖变化的主要驱动力。未来我国应注重与俄罗斯、印度、哈萨克斯坦等周边国家在森工、农牧业、边贸往来等领域的开发合作,维护边疆稳定,实现双边共赢发展。     

基于RS-GIS的昆明市土地利用变化及驱动力分析

为探讨人文因素在昆明市土地利用/覆盖变化过程中的驱动作用,在ENVI和GIS技术支持下,采用2001年Landsat TM、2009年Landsat TM、2017年Landsat OLI 3期遥感影像和统计数据为数据源。分析土地利用类型面积变化的速度和幅度以及土地利用/覆盖程度综合指数;其次,在明确各类型土地利用变化趋势的基础上,建立了土地利用变化驱动因子指标体系,运用主成分分析法探讨了昆明市土地利用/覆被变化过程中的驱动因子。土地利用变化分析结果表明:2001～2017年间,昆明市各地类在研究期间变化较为剧烈,地类主要以林地和耕地为主,但建设用地土地利用面积变化率和动态度明显,最为活跃,增长速度最快;另外,昆明市土地利用程度为中上水平且土地利用处于发展阶段,说明土地利用程度会进一步加深。同时,驱动力分析结果表明:人口增长、经济发展和人民生活水平的提升是昆明市土地利用变化的主要驱动因素。     

中国土地利用多功能性度量(英文)

人类活动驱动着土地利用的时空变化,进而导致土地利用功能的变化。中国的土地利用具有高度的动态性,对全球可持续发展具有特别重要的意义。对于决策者来说,要准确预见一项发展政策对土地利用及其功能的复杂影响是非常困难的。本文构建了中国土地利用多功能性的度量框架模型,模拟了2010-2025年期间土地利用变化对国家退耕还林还草政策的响应,并确定了相应的土地利用功能的变化。结果表明,国家退耕还林还草政策显著影响着中国土地利用格局,其特征是随着林地面积的扩大,耕地和草地面积在不断减少。在所度量的所有土地利用功能中,经济功能、社会功能显著增强,调节功能略有增强,而环境净化功能、支持功能明显减弱。通过应用表明,本文构建的中国土地利用多功能性度量框架模型有助于各级政府评价土地利用政策的影响。     

20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局

土地利用/土地覆被变化（LUCC）是人类活动与自然环境相互作用最直接的表现形式,本文采用相同空间分辨率的卫星遥感信息源和相同的技术方法,对中国1980 年代末到2010 年土地利用变化数据进行定期更新。在此基础上,提出并发展土地利用动态区划的方法,研究土地利用变化的空间格局与时空特征。我们发现：1990-2010 年的20 年间,中国土地利用变化表现出明显的时空差异。“南减北增,总量基本持衡,新增耕地的重心逐步由东北向西北移动”是耕地变化的基本特征;“扩展提速,东部为重心,向中西部蔓延”是城乡建设用地变化的基本特征;“林地前减后增,荒漠前增后减,草地持续减少”是非人工土地利用类型变化的主要特征。20 世纪末与21 世纪初两个10 年相比,中国土地利用变化空间格局出现了一些新特征,原有的13 个土地利用变化区划单元演变为15 个单元,且部分区划单元边界发生变化。主要变化格局特征为黄淮海地区、东南部沿海地区、长江中游地区和四川盆地城镇工矿用地呈现明显的加速扩张态势;北方地区耕地开垦重心由东北地区和内蒙古东部转向西北绿洲农业区;东北地区旱作耕地持续转变为水田;内蒙古农牧交错带南部、黄土高原和西南山地退耕还林还草效果初显。近20 年间,尽管气候变化对北方地区的耕地变化有一定的影响,但政策调控和经济驱动仍然是导致我国土地利用变化及其时空差异的主要原因。2000 年后的第一个10 年,土地利用格局变化的人为驱动因素已由单向国土开发为主,转变为开发与保护并重。在空间格局变化的分析方法方面,应用“动态区划法”开展世纪之交两个10 年中国LUCC空间格局变化的分析,有效揭示了20 年来中国LUCC“格局的变化过程”,即动态区划边界的推移、区划单元内部特征的变化与单元的消长等;以及“变化过程的格局”,即土地利用变化过程与特征的分阶段区域差异,清晰刻画了LUCC动态区划中区划单元的消长,单元边界的变动,以及前后10 年的变化强度特征,揭示了土地利用“格局”与“过程”之间的交替转化规律,以及不同类型和区域的变化原因,证明了该分析方法的有效性。     

1977-2010年青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖变化与土地资源管理

青海湖流域是青海省主要牧场,也是青藏高原东北部重要的生态安全屏障.本文以1977、1987、2000、2004年和2010年遥感影像、MODIS NDVI为基础数据,通过数学模型、一元线性回归、景观格局指数的方法分析了青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖时空变化及景观格局特点,探讨了土地利用/覆盖变化的影响因素,最后提出青海湖环湖区土地资源管理建议.研究结果表明:近33年来青海湖环湖区土地利用/覆盖变化显著,草地、林地、水体等生态用地面积总体减少,耕地、建设用地、未利用地面积逐渐增加,土地利用/覆盖变化整体处于不平衡态,单向转换频繁;植被覆盖度总体微弱增加,变化趋势具有空间差异性;由于人类的定向选择,草地景观类型退化,景观格局趋向破碎化;土地利用/覆盖与景观格局变化是环湖区气温升高、降水增加、载畜量超载、旅游等因素共同作用的结果;基于土地利用/覆盖变化特点和影响因素,提出创建“生态友好”型土地资源管理模式,实现人地关系协调发展.     

中国西部典型地区土地利用变化对比分析

作者选择中国西部长城沿线农牧交错带的陕西省榆林市榆阳区、西北干旱区河西走廊的甘肃省酒泉市肃州区和西南四川盆地丘陵区的四川省德阳市中江县为3个典型研究区域,对20世纪80年代以来的农村社会经济统计资料、土地概查、土地详查、遥感图像判读以及136个典型农户调查进行分析发现:土地利用的变化既受自然的地球生物物理驱动力的制约,又受社会、经济、技术和历史等因素的影响,具有很强的综合性和地域性。西部地区具有悠久的土地开发历史,其土地覆盖类型多种多样。由于其特殊的自然地理特征和社会、经济、政治等驱动因素的复杂多变,本区的土地覆盖发生了很大的变化,这些变化同农业、林业、牧业等与土地资源利用有关的产业发展以及城市化和土地退化等可持续发展问题密切相关。影响西部地区土地利用变化的驱动因素主要是人口增长与城镇化、固定资产投入与工矿交通产业发展、经济结构调整、科技发展和政策管理等人文因素。     

黄淮海平原农区土地利用转型及其动力机制

本文分析了黄淮海平原农区2000-2010 年间土地利用转型的时空格局,在构建土地利用转型动力机制分析概念框架基础上,运用空间计量回归分析方法深入剖析了黄淮海平原农区5种主要土地利用类型转换的动力机制。黄淮海平原农区土地利用转型特征表现为：2000-2010年,耕地、未利用地和草地面积的减少伴随城乡建设用地、水域和林地面积的增加;2000-2005年变化幅度明显大于2005-2010 年的变化幅度。分析结果表明：黄淮海平原农区5 种主要土地利用类型转换是自然环境和社会经济多种因素共同作用的结果,其中交通和区位条件对这5 种土地利用类型转换的影响最为显著,是导致土地利用转型的共性驱动因子。并指出：地方各级政府在制定有关土地利用政策时,既应充分考虑驱动各种土地利用转型的主要因子及其地域分异和社会经济发展规律,还需考虑各地类之间转换的适宜性及难易程度,因地制宜开展土地综合整治与利用,让土地利用转型与当地自然环境条件和区域经济社会发展阶段相适应,并使其发生在适宜的区域范围内。     

2000—2010年亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化及驱动力分析

土地利用/覆盖变化是全球变化研究的重要问题,而海岸带则是该领域研究的热点区域。以三套土地利用/覆盖数据（MCD12Q1、CCI-LC和GlobeLand30）为基础,采用基于一致性分析和模糊集合理论的数据融合方法,获取2000年和2010年亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖分类信息,进而分析土地利用/覆盖变化特征及驱动因素。结果表明：十年间亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化方式主要以耕地萎缩和林地扩张为主,其次是湿地扩张,再次是草地和裸地萎缩,最后是灌木地和人造地表扩张;土地利用/覆盖类型之间的相互转换面积较小,仅占研究区总面积的4.22%,其中分布面积占优势的变化类型为耕地–林地–草地相互转换、灌木地–裸地相互转换、林地转为湿地以及林地转为灌木地等。地形因素、气候分异等自然驱动力深刻影响着土地利用/覆盖变化的宏观格局,而人口压力增大、经济高速发展、政策的颁布与实施等人文驱动力则是推动十年间亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化的主要原因。     

近30年玉门市土地利用与景观格局变化及其驱动力

干旱内陆河流域生态环境非常脆弱,是土地利用和景观格局变化的敏感区域,也是全球环境变化响应比较突出的区域。采用1976年、1989年、2000年和2010年的Landsat遥感影像,利用GIS技术和景观格局分析方法,系统地分析了疏勒河中游玉门市的土地利用和景观格局变化的时空特征,为研究区土地可持续利用政策的制定提供参考和依据。研究结果显示:近34a来,玉门市土地利用和景观格局发生了剧烈变化,土地利用变化经历了"缓慢变化—急剧变化—显著变化"的过程。研究区景观密度增大,多样性和均匀度先减小,后增加;不同斑块间的分离度减小。农业人口增长和经济发展是玉门市土地利用景观格局变化的最直接驱动力,同时还受气候因素和政策因素的影响。     

Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China during the early 21st century

Land use and land cover change as the core of coupled human-environment systems has become a potential field of land change science (LCS) in the study of global environmental change. Based on remotely sensed data of land use change with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km on national scale among every 5 years, this paper designed a new dynamic regionalization according to the comprehensive characteristics of land use change including regional differentiation, physical, economic, and macro-policy factors as well. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving forces were investigated in China in the early 21st century. To sum up, land use change pattern of this period was characterized by rapid changes in the whole country. Over the agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the southeast coastal areas and Sichuan Basin, a great proportion of fine arable land were engrossed owing to considerable expansion of the built-up and residential areas, resulting in decrease of paddy land area in southern China. The development of oasis agriculture in Northwest China and the reclamation in Northeast China led to a slight increase in arable land area in northern China. Due to the “Grain for Green” policy, forest area was significantly increased in the middle and western developing regions, where the vegetation coverage was substantially enlarged, likewise. This paper argued the main driving forces as the implementation of the strategy on land use and regional development, such as policies of “Western Development”, “Revitalization of Northeast”, coupled with rapidly economic development during this period.     

21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力

Land use and land cover change as the core of coupled human-environment systems has become a potential field of land change science (LCS) in the study of global environmental change. Based on remotely sensed data of land use change with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km on national scale among every 5 years, this paper designed a new dynamic regionalization according to the comprehensive characteristics of land use change including regional differentiation, physical, economic, and macro-policy factors as well. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving forces were investigated in China in the early 21st century. To sum up, land use change pattern of this period was characterized by rapid changes in the whole country. Over the agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the southeast coastal areas and Sichuan Basin, a great proportion of fine arable land were engrossed owing to considerable expansion of the built-up and residential areas, resulting in decrease of paddy land area in southern China. The development of oasis agriculture in Northwest China and the reclamation in Northeast China led to a slight increase in arable land area in northern China. Due to the "Grain for Green" policy, forest area was significantly increased in the middle and western developing regions, where the vegetation coverage was substantially enlarged, likewise. This paper argued the main driving forces as the implementation of the strategy on land use and regional development, such as policies of "Western Development", "Revitalization of Northeast", coupled with rapidly economic development during this period.     

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

1 Introduction Arable land is the core of land resources and its dynamic change seriously affects regional sustainable development. Hebei Province, with a large population, is an agricultural province. With the highspeed economic development, population growth and urbanization, a great amount of arable land has been lost and the land shortage has become more serious. Therefore, arable land change and its driving forces should be studied in order to realize the sustainable agricultural develo…     

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

Hebei Province is one of the regions with most densely population, fastest economic growth and most intensive land use in China. The contradiction of land shortage sharpened by high-speed economic development with population growth has become a serious problem, which has restricted regional sustainable development.This paper revealed the basic process, regional differences of change and the gravity center of arable land area according to the long-series statistical data of arable land during the past 50 years. On the basis of the above mentioned, the major driving forces that influence the changes of the arable land are discussed. The research results indicate that there is a trend of obvious fluctuating decrease in arable land area during the last 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to sharp decrease to gently decrease. The regional disparity of change in arable land area is very notable and the gravity center of arable land area moves to the northeast 49.22 km. Regarding the decrease in arable land, the direct driving forces include adjustments of agricultural structure and reclamation, and indirect driving forces include advance in technology, economic interest and population growth etc.     

Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns, and caus-es of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s

Land-use/land-cover changes (LUCCs) have links to both human and nature interactions. China's Land-Use/cover Datasets (CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year intervals from the late 1980s to 2010,with standard procedures based on Landsat TM\ETM+ images. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics,differences,and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows. Land-use changes (LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years (1990-2010). The area of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north,but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly,were mainly distributed in the east,and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first,and then increased,but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included (1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region,the southeastern coastal areas,the midstream area of the Yangtze River,and the Sichuan Basin;(2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China;(3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields;and (4) effectiveness of the "Grain for Green" project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia,the Loess Plateau,and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades,although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland,policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century,the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation.The "dynamic regionalization method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries,the internal characteristics of zones,and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning,variations in unit boundaries,and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.     

沿海发达地区土地利用转换的人文驱动机制研究--以温州市为例

随着区域土地利用研究的日益深入,区域土地利用的转化及其驱动机制成为学术研究的新热点。国内外区域土地利用转化的研究表明,人文因素是区域土地利用转化主导驱动力的观点已得到共识,但其驱动机制及其驱动力的传导机制仍需进一步探讨。本文通过文献资料搜索和实地调研,揭示了90年代以来温州市土地利用转化的基本特征。指出土地利用转化的关键性人文因素主要是政策驱动力、经济驱动力与城镇化发展驱动力,这三种驱动力共同存在,相互作用,但同时也具有各自的主导传导机制。为此国家在实施区域土地利用宏观调控时,应当因地制宜,更加关注主导人文驱动力在具体区域环境下的重要程度及其结合过程。     

Land use and land cover change in Liaocheng Prefecture of China

1 Introduction1.1 Introduction to Liaocheng PrefectureLiaocheng Prefecture lies in northwest of Shandong Province and slightly north to the center of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain with latitudes between 35(47'N and 37(02'N and longitudes between 115(16'E and 116(32'E. Administratively, it consists of two cities (Liaocheng and Linqing) and six counties (Yanggu, Shenxian, Chiping, Dong'e, Guanxian and Gaotang). It covers a total area of 8590 km2 with a maximum distance of 114 km from eas…     

Sociopolitical influences on cropland area change in Iraq, 2001–2012

Iraq has experienced significant agricultural land use changes throughout its history, including recent changes initiated by the 2003 US-led military invasion, the end of United Nations' economic sanctions and the onset of overt domestic conflict. Conflict and sociopolitical forces are important drivers of land use/land cover change and often have disproportionate impacts on agricultural systems. However, there has been little research to investigate recent changes in agricultural land use/land cover in Iraq over the recent tumultuous period that has included war and the transition of its political system from a dictatorship to an emerging but beleaguered democracy. Our objectives were to (1) determine if cropland area in Iraq changed significantly between 2001 and 2012, (2) identify regional patterns of cropland area change, and (3) identify sociopolitical forces driving those changes. We used MODIS Land Cover Product yearly data to quantify the amount of land cover dedicated to croplands. We regressed cropland area (ha) on time (2001, 2002, 2003,…) and years with drought influence (yes, no). The results revealed significant changes in cropland area for Iraq as a whole, with cropland area decreasing over 30,000 ha per year. Regionally, there were significant decreases in the Kurdish Autonomous Region and central Iraq, and initial increases in the southern marshlands followed by decreases related to drought.     

城郊土地利用功能演变——以贵州省惠水县乡村旅游度假区好花红村为例

论文以贵州省惠水县乡村旅游度假区好花红村为典型案例,运用空间分析方法,利用高分辨率遥感影像和实地调查访问数据,分析了2006—2019年好花红村土地利用功能演变规律,探讨了土地利用功能转型助推乡村振兴的作用。结果表明：① 好花红村土地利用功能受土地利用转型的影响,由传统单一的农业生产功能、社会保障功能和生态保育功能转变为复合型观光休闲功能和经济发展功能,增加了经济效益的同时保证了生态效益,土地利用功能总体上呈现出多元化和复合化特征;② 研究区不同演变阶段的演变模式存在显著差异,经历了单一农业生产功能阶段、多元功能转型过渡阶段、多功能复合转型阶段,土地利用功能演变有以农为主、乡村旅游为辅,农旅结合、农业逐步退缩,以乡村旅游为主、整体转型3种模式;③ 自然条件是土地利用功能变化的基础动力,经营主体变化是土地利用功能转型的内在动力,区域发展政策是驱动土地利用功能多元化的根本动力,旅游市场“规模化”需求是驱动乡村功能和土地利用功能转化的重要推动力,这些因素相互作用,共同驱动土地利用功能演变。     

环渤海地区土地利用变化的驱动力分析

1985到1995年间,环渤海地区占总面积30%的土地发生了利用方式的变化,耕地变化是其核心类型。耕地变化的主要流向依次为农村居住用地、林草地、城市居住建设用地以及果园和水域。本文通过对耕地流向及其与人口变化、农业经济发展的关系等进行分析,确认土地管理政策、人均居住用地的增长、农业生产结构调整以及城市扩张是该区土地利用变化的主要驱动因素