OSL and 14C chronologies of a Holocene sedimentary record (Garding‐2 core) from the German North Sea coast

The history of sea‐level change and sediment accumulation since the last deglaciation along the German North Sea coast is still controversial because of a limitation in the quantity and quality of chronological data. In the current study, the chronology of a 16‐ka coastal sedimentary record from the Garding‐2 core, retrieved from the Eiderstedt Peninsula in Schleswig‐Holstein, northern Germany, was established using OSL and AMS ¹⁴C dating techniques. The robust chronology using 14 radiocarbon and 25 OSL dates from the Garding‐2 core is the first long‐term record that covers the Holocene as well as the last deglaciation period in one succession in the German North Sea area. It provides a new insight into understanding the Holocene transgression and coastal accumulation histories. The combined evidence from the sedimentology and chronology investigations indicates that an estuarine environment dominated in Eiderstedt Peninsula from 16 to 13 ka, followed by a depositional hiatus between 13 and 8.3 ka, attributed to erosion caused by the Holocene transgression; the onset of the Holocene transgression at the core site occurred at around 8.3 ka. The sea level continued to rise with a decelerated rate until around 3 ka. Since 3 ka, the shoreline has begun to prograde. Foreshore (tidal flat) sediments have been deposited at the drilling site with a very high sedimentation rate of about 10 m ka^?1. At around 2 ka, a sandy beach deposit accumulated in the sedimentary succession, indicating that the coastline shifted landward, which may represent a small‐scale transgression in the late Holocene. At around 1.5 ka, terrestrial clastic sediment started to accumulate, indicating a retreat of the relative sea level in this area, which may be related to local diking activities undertaken since the 11th century.     

Chronologies of sedimentary changes in the south Bohai Sea,China: constraints from luminescence and radiocarbon dating

The alternation of terrestrial and marine deposits is an indicator of past environmental and sea‐level changes. The age of deposition is usually dated by means of radiocarbon. However, radiocarbon dates of molluscan shells from coastal areas may be complicated by various sources of carbon, and problematic for deposits of 40–50 ka or older. Herein, we apply the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating method to date samples from terrestrial and marine/coastal sediments extracted from three cores in the south Bohai Sea, China. Multiple‐ and single‐aliquot regenerative‐dose procedures using OSL signals from fine‐silt (4–11 μm), coarse‐silt (38–63 μm) and fine‐sand (63–90 or 90–125 μm) quartz were employed to determine the equivalent dose (D _e). The results showed that: (i) OSL ages from quartz of different grain sizes and different protocols are consistent with each other; (ii) for Holocene samples, most of the radiocarbon dates agree well with OSL ages; (iii) for pre‐Holocene samples, radiocarbon dates cluster at 40–50 ¹⁴ C ka BP, whereas OSL ages are in stratigraphic order from 11 ka to 176 ka. Because of the self‐consistency of the quartz OSL ages, the stratigraphic agreement in the three cores, and the clustering of the radiocarbon dates, we suggest that the quartz OSL ages are more reliable with respect to dating the samples from the south Bohai Sea. Finally, the four marine strata identified in the south Bohai Sea are likely to have formed during the Holocene, Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3–5, MIS 6 and probably MIS 7, respectively.     

河北康保兴隆遗址的光释光测年研究

兴隆遗址是长城以北裕民文化分期研究的重要遗址。作为坝上高原迄今为止发现的出土遗物最丰富、沿用时间长达数千年的遗址, 其年代的确定不但有助于厘清古人类在这一地区出现的时代, 而且对研究中国北方旧-新石器时代过渡、农业起源及其环境背景等问题具有重要意义。兴隆遗址发掘后, 虽然其新石器文化层已通过¹⁴C方法进行了测年, 但其旧-新石器时代过渡期的文化层尚未进行年代学方面的研究。本研究在地层结构划分基础上, 对兴隆遗址的TG01探沟的G5剖面(42°N, 115°E; 海拔高度为1398m; 剖面研究深度为106~361cm)进行采样, 共采集有11个沉积物样品, 提取出粗颗粒(90~125μm)和细颗粒(4~11μm)两个粒级的石英, 利用光释光(OSL)测年技术中的单片再生剂量法(SAR), 对兴隆遗址探沟的不同文化层位进行年代测定, 建立了兴隆遗址的整体年代框架。通过对两种粒级的石英的释光年代比较, 得出细颗粒石英的所测年龄高于粗颗粒石英, 高出年龄约为600~2000年左右, 这可能是沉积过程的不完全晒退导致的。且基于粗颗粒石英的光释光年龄与¹⁴C年龄之间良好的一致性, 认为粗颗粒石英的光释光年龄更加可信; 并首次确定了兴隆遗址旧-新石器时代过渡期文化层的光释光年龄为距今13.4±1.8~10.7±0.9ka(以粗颗粒石英样品的年代为准)。

     

连云港新石器时代人类聚居遗址分布 与海岸线变迁关系的剖析*

对连云港新石器遗址地貌、洪门钻孔的沉积环境以及古遗址时空分布的研究表明,新石器文化始于7000年前全新世气候变暖和海平面上升时期。早期青莲岗文化时期(6800~5900aB.P.)的遗址有8处,主要分布在锦屏山、南云台山和大伊山的丘陵山地边缘的洪积扇阶地上和西北部未遭受海侵影响的丘陵岗地上,洪门钻孔相应地层显示该时期为湖沼陆相环境,海岸线向海推进,该时期海岸线分布在南云台山以东地区;全新世中期最高海面时,约相当于大汶口文化时期(5900~4400aB.P.)的遗址仅发现两处,遗址退缩至锦屏山以西的丘陵岗地上。洪门钻孔的有孔虫组合显示了浅海环境,海岸线在洪门和锦屏山以东;至龙山文化期(4400~3800aB.P.),连云港的古文化发展至新石器时代的顶峰,遗址约15处,其中藤花落遗址处于南云台山与北云台山之间谷地的冲积平原,表明此时期的海岸线退至中云台山以东;龙山文化晚期(3800aB.P.左右)又一次海侵导致盛极一时的龙山文化遗址退缩到锦屏山以西地区,使得连云港地区行将跨入文明门槛的原始文化突然衰落。古环境变化对史前文化的兴衰影响巨大。     

Holocene sea‐level reconstruction in the Young Sound region,Northeast Greenland

A relative sea‐level curve over the Holocene is constructed for the Young Sound region in northeastern Greenland. The reconstruction is derived by dating the heights of raised beach ridges in coastal plains using optically stimulated luminiscence (OSL), and by dating palaeoterrestrial surface levels now buried beneath the intertidal frame using the ¹⁴C technique. The relative sea‐level curve reveals a rapid fall of at least 10 mm a^?1 from ca. 9500 to 7500 a ago, which slowed to 2 mm a^?1 until it reached the present sea level ca. 3000 a ago. This part of the curve is based on the raised beach ridge data. Thereafter, relative sea level continued to fall, to reach a minimum level at about 0.5 m below the present sea level ca. 2300 a ago. Since then, relative sea level has experienced a slow rise of about 0.2 mm a^?1. This part of the curve uses the data from the palaeoterrestrial surfaces. The study supplements other estimates of Holocene relative sea‐level changes and supports the observations of a decreasing trend in the timing of the cross point and in minimum relative sea level from South to North Greenland. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

闽南、粤东全新世海平面变化

本文对7类古海面标志物的137个样品年龄数据进行沉积深度校正、构造升降幅度校正和潮差校正后,绘出闽南、粤东全新世以来海平面变化曲线。闽南、粤东出现全新世第一次高海面时间为6300aB.P.前后。闽南、粤东全新世海平面变化曲线反映海水进退的波动情况基本相似。海平面发生波动的时间从东往西逐渐推迟。海平面变化曲线与硅藻垂向变化、孢粉所反映的气候变化、滨岸沙堤形成期和古文化遗址堆积的变化有较好的一致性。     

南海北部晚全新世高海平面及其波动的海滩沉积证据

揭示晚全新世以来的海平面变化过程对于理解海平面所处的现状和变化的趋势等具有重要意义。构造活动相对稳定的雷州半岛珊瑚礁区蕴藏着丰富的海平面变化信息,文中对该区晚全新世发育的海滩沉积序列研究表明,距今约1.7～1.2Cal.kaBP(14C年代为2.1～1.7kaBP)期间总体上是一个海平面持续上升的时期,其中在距今约1.5Cal.kaBP时海平面有过短暂的下降波动,约1.2Cal.kaBP时的海平面比现在的至少高128cm;之后海平面开始下降,至今海岸线后退了约210m,形成现代海滩-沙堤地貌体系。结合本区珊瑚礁记录的全新世其他时段海平面的变化特征,本文认为全新世海平面与气候变化一样,也存在千年、百年、年代际尺度的波动特征。     

现代珠江三角洲地区QZK4孔第四纪沉积年代

在地质环境变迁迅速的现代珠江三角洲地区,对于第四纪沉积的年代存在多种认识。结合南中国海的海平面变化记录,通过AMS14C和光释光测年发现,珠江三角洲腹地QZK4孔第四纪岩心底部最老年龄约为43.71ka BP。岩心记录的第四纪环境对南中国海海平面变化有着良好的响应:岩心下部陆相河流沉积和暴露风化层发育于末次冰期至早全新世的低海平面时期,上部滨海—河口湾沉积发育于早中全新世以来的高海平面时期。根据钻孔岩心的环境分析,推测现代珠江三角洲地区第四纪的底界可能较本钻孔记录的更老。     

杭嘉湖平原腹地新石器早期夹砂陶片水稻植硅体化石发现及环境意义

由于考古记录缺失,杭嘉湖平原至今尚没有新石器早期古人类活动报道。本研究报道了WZ05钻孔埋深25 m左右夹砂陶片记录的新石器早期古人类活动信息及环境背景。夹砂陶片赋存了有意义的水稻和芦苇扇型植硅体,其他疑似水稻植硅体化石包括：泡状细胞方型、长方型、扇型,短细胞哑铃型,长细胞突起棒型、刺状棒型,以及维管组织螺旋管状植硅体和刺状毛细胞等,可见稻壳双峰植硅体。AMS ¹⁴C测年与沉积相分析表明,研究区在10000 cal.a B.P.左右尚未出现高海平面或大规模海侵活动,暖偏干气候环境和广泛暴露的河漫滩环境有利于古人类活动。陶片水稻和芦苇植硅体化石表明该时期古人类聚集于河谷淡水区域开展农业活动,与新石器早期上山文化遗址古人类活动具有可比性。本次发现证实杭嘉湖平原腹地新石器早期存在古人类活动,也为区域环境考古和古地理重建提供了参考。

     

Holocene aeolian dynamics in the European sand‐belt as indicated by geochronological data

Aeolian sands are widespread in the European sand‐belt. While there is a consensus about the timing of increased aeolian activity and, in contrast, of surface stabilization during the Lateglacial, knowledge about Holocene aeolian dynamics is still very sparse. It is generally assumed that aeolian processes have been closely connected to human activities since at least the Neolithic period. A compilation of 189 luminescence dates from aeolian sands of Holocene age and 301 ¹⁴C‐dates from palaeo‐surfaces, comprising palaeosols, buried peats and archaeological features from the whole sand‐belt, is plotted as histograms and kernel density plots and divided into sub‐phases by cluster analysis. This is also done separately for the dates from the areas west and east of the river Elbe. Our results show that aeolian activity did not cease with the end of the Younger Dryas but continued in the whole European sand‐belt until the Mid‐Atlantic (c. 6500 a BP), presenting evidence of vegetation‐free areas at least at the local scale. During the subsequent time period evidence of aeolian sedimentation is sparse, and surface stabilization is indicated by a cluster of palaeo‐surfaces ascribed to the early Subboreal (c. 5000 cal. a BP). The agglomeration of luminescence ages around 4000 years is probably connected with intensified land use during the Late Neolithic. Younger phases of aeolian sedimentation are indicated by clusters of luminescence ages around 1800 years, a group of luminescence ages from the Netherlands and NW Germany around 900 years, and a group of ages around 680 years in Germany. Among the dates from palaeo‐surfaces, clusters were identified around 2700, 1300 and 900 cal. a BP as well as around 690 cal. a BP in the western part and 610 cal. a BP in the eastern part of the sand‐belt. The clusters within the luminescence ages and the ¹⁴C‐dates coincide with phases where increased human impact can be deduced from archaeological and historical sources as well as from environmental history.     

Sedimentary Evolution and Transgressions of the Western Subei Basin in Eastern China since the Late Pliocene

Sedimentary sequences in the Subei Basin are complex and have been affected by interactions between the ocean and rivers since the Late Pliocene, including the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and the Yangtze River. This sedimentary evolution, in particular the timing of Pleistocene transgressions, has long been a matter of controversy owing to the lack of precise chronological evidence. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution of the sedimentary environment throughout the past 3.00 Ma in this region on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of particle size and foraminifera and ostracods collected in the TZK9 core from the Subei Basin combined with geochronological studies of magnetostratigraphy, AMS¹⁴C and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL). The results show that fluvial facies in the sedimentary environment from 3.00 to 1.01 Ma. There were fluvial facies and reflects six sea-level high stands from 1.01 to 0.25 Ma. The study area was affected by four large-scale transgressions since 0.25 Ma. The four marine sedimentary layers known as DU7(buried at 48–52 m), DU5(buried at 35–41 m), DU3(buried at 16–23 m), and DU1(buried at 2–4 m) are recorded in the MIS7(210–250 ka), MIS5, MIS3, and Holocene, respectively. The magnitude of the DU5 transgression was identical to that of the DU3 transgression, both were larger than the DU7 transgression, and the DU1 transgression was the weakest. The variation of transgression strength reflects the influence of global changes in sea level, tectonic subsidence, shell ridges, and sand dams. In the TZK9 core, we found evidence of seven sea-level high stands from the Early–Middle Pleistocene, and the first one caused by regional rapid subsidence and could be traced back to 0.83-0.84 Ma. The sea-level high stands and the age of the first one recorded above was different from other cores in eastern China, this was caused by the lack of absolute age control and the differences in paleotopography during this period. This study reconstructs sedimentary evolution, determines the transgression and its age, establishes the chronology since the Late Pliocene, and provides a scientific framework for further paleoenvironmental and tectonic studies. The results of this study highlight the important role that local tectonics and global sea level play in the sedimentary evolution and transgressions that have occurred in the western Subei Basin.     

中全新世福建沿海地区海平面波动：基于NDQK5岩芯介形类化石记录

福建沿海地区第四系较为发育,是研究晚更新世以来相对海平面变化的理想区域。本文以福建宁德NDQK5岩芯中产出的高分辨率介形类化石为研究对象,结合加速器质谱法(accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS)14C和光释光测年技术建立岩芯年代框架,重建了中全新世期间福建沿海地区的相对海平面变化。结果显示,NDQK5岩芯中的介形类化石记录主要分布于4~17. 1 m段,对应年代约为8. 2~6. 9 ka BP。岩芯内共计识别出海相介形类23属26种,根据优势种以及特征种的相对丰度变化特征可将岩芯内的介形类动物群划分为3个组合：① 介形类组合A以Bicornucythere bisanensis和Sinocytheridea impressa为主,代表潮下带环境;② 介形类组合B以Sinocytheridea impressa和Neomonoceratina delicata为优势种,指示近岸内陆架的沉积环境;③ 介形类组合C以Sinocytheridea impressa和Loxoconcha ocellifera为主,代表潮间带的沉积环境。基于介形类组合的分布特征,本文推断福建沿海地区海平面约在8. 2~7. 4 ka BP期间持续上升,并在约7. 9~7. 4 ka BP区间达到最高;7. 4~7. 0 ka BP期间海平面下降,随后再次上升。因此,介形类化石记录指示福建沿海地区在全新世高海平面背景下依然存在相对海平面的次一级波动。同时,结合已有福建沿海地区海平面变化驱动机制的研究结果,本研究推断8. 2~7 ka BP期间福建沿海地区的海平面变化可能主要受控于冰盖融水;7 ka BP后该地区的海平面波动可能受控于“冰川- 水均衡调整”作用。     

Late Quaternary landscape reconstruction and geochronology in the northern Pampas of Buenos Aires province,Argentina

This paper reports the main sedimentary characteristics, soil micromorphology and optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages, and details the pedosedimentary reconstruction, of the Hudson site situated in the northern Pampas of Buenos Aires province. It also provides the OSL chronology and a reinterpretation of previously reported micromorphological features for the nearby site of Gorina. Finally, the stratigraphic records of both sites are compared and the main environmental events discussed in a regional context.At Hudson, situated at a low altitude environment close to the coastal plain, the basal fine-grained paludal deposits were unconformably covered by coastal marine sediments with an OSL age of ca. 128 ka supporting its correlation with the high stand of sea level of marine isotope stage 5e. A paleosol developed on the marine deposits and the underlying paludal sediments. OSL ages suggest that soil development and its subsequent erosion occurred over some period between ca. 128 and 54 ka. Fine sediment accumulation in a paludal environment continued until prior to ca. 23 ka when the accumulation of the uppermost loess mantle started. It continued until the early Holocene when present soil development began. At Gorina, OSL ages suggest that the upper part of the pedocomplex formed at some stage between ca. 194 and 56 ka. Loess then accumulated followed by an erosional phase; loess deposition restarted by ca. 29 ka and continued until the beginning of the Holocene (ca. 9 ka) when the present land surface was established.The stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental differences exhibited by the Hudson and Gorina records result from their contrasting geomorphological settings. The OSL geochronology suggests that the last interglacial (MIS 5) at Hudson is marked by the accumulation of marine deposits (MIS 5e) and the subsequent development of a paleosol. The equivalent soil-forming interval at Gorina is represented by the upper part of the buried pedocomplex. Both at Gorina and Hudson, loess accumulation was dominant especially during MIS 2. Loess accumulation continued during MIS 1 until the early Holocene with apparently somewhat higher sedimentation rates in Hudson. Pedogenesis has been predominant during the rest of the Holocene, resulting in the formation of the surface soil profiles.     

雅鲁藏布江中游及昌果沟遗址古环境分析

西藏拉萨昌果沟遗址位于雅鲁藏布江中游支流的阶地上,是重要的新石器时代遗址。为探讨昌果沟遗址附近的古环境,对遗址附近开展地貌调查,在遗址北面约1 km处选取1个全新世风成沉积剖面进行光释光测年和环境指标分析,在雅鲁藏布江中游选2个阶地剖面进行光释光测年分析;此外,还总结了雅鲁藏布江中游23个全新世古土壤/泥炭的测年数据,进行概率密度分析,试图揭示区域的环境演化特征。研究表明：全新世古土壤/泥炭年代的概率密度可以较好地反映区域气候变化,9.0~6.0 ka古土壤/泥炭发育在波动中增强,气候由冷干向暖湿转换;6.0~2.9 ka古土壤/泥炭发育最强,气候相对温干;2.9 ka后鲜有古土壤/泥炭发育,气候变得冷干,史前人类活动受限。4.5 ka之后雅鲁藏布江中游及其支流一级阶地的形成为新石器时期先民提供农业耕作的场所,古土壤的发育为农作物提供了丰富的营养。1.4~1.1 ka期间（吐蕃王朝时期）局部地区有古土壤发育,气候好转。

     

全新世海侵对长江口沿海平原新石器遗址分布的影响

文章通过对长江三角洲南北两岸太湖和里下河两大平原新石器遗址分布和迁移特征的对比研究,发现两地新石器文化均起源于7000aB.P.前。可以认为全新世气候变暖和海平面上升是两地新石器文化兴起的原因。之后里下河平原经历了由全新世海侵引起的盐沼化过程,古文化发展受到明显的抑制;相比之下,太湖古平原为一丘状台地,地势高爽,加上贝壳砂堤对海水的有效阻挡,盐沼化过程稍弱,古文化得以延续和繁荣。     

全新世海侵对长江口沿海平原新石器遗址分布的影响

文章通过对长江三角洲南北两岸太湖和里下河两大平原新石器遗址分布和迁移特征的对比研究,发现两地新石器文化均起源于7000aB.P.前。可以认为全新世气候变暖和海平面上升是两地新石器文化兴起的原因。之后里下河平原经历了由全新世海侵引起的盐沼化过程,古文化发展受到明显的抑制;相比之下,太湖古平原为一丘状台地,地势高爽,加上贝壳砂堤对海水的有效阻挡,盐沼化过程稍弱,古文化得以延续和繁荣。     

The last millennia history of detrital sedimentation in the Lower Seine Valley (Normandy,NW France): review

Post‐glacial climate changes and sea‐level fluctuations have strongly influenced N‐W European environments and sedimentation. To these natural events, increasing anthropogenic pressure has to be added. Forest clearance and agricultural development are the main factors responsible for the erosional processes in Northwest Europe. This article analyses Holocene sequences of the Lower Seine Valley (LSV) (Paris Basin) to understand better the origin of detrital and terrigenous input and how much humans have contributed to it. Three main sectors of the LSV are analysed: estuarine, fluvial and tributaries. Since Neolithic times, there are seven erosional phases that can be identified and essentially linked to human pressure. Terra Nova, 00, 000–000, 2010     

河南渑池仰韶人遗址区黄土冲沟阶地的释光测年研究

地貌变迁与古人类活动的关系一直是地理学研究的一个重要科学问题。仰韶文化是黄河流域最为重要的新石器人类 文明之一，文章以河南渑池仰韶遗址区内西沟冲沟为研究对象，尝试建立仰韶人类活动与遗址区内冲沟地貌形成的先后关 系。渑池仰韶遗址区地处黄土高原东南缘黄土堆积区，文章利用释光测年方法测定了西沟冲沟阶地上覆堆积黄土的年代， 粗略重建了阶地形成的时间为大约距今3万年和12万年前，分别对应深海氧同位素（MIS） 3阶段和5阶段。而该时期渑池 仰韶区域尚无古人类活动记录，所以释光测年结果证明仰韶遗址区内的冲沟完全是自然成因的，与遗址区仰韶人的地表活 动无关。     

Middle and late Holocene sea-levels along the Israel Mediterranean coast — evidence from ancient water wells

During the course of a study of historical water wells along the Israeli shore, which has been in progress since 1984, an innovative method for investigating sea-level fluctuations was developed. Eighteen ancient water wells were re-dug, 14 by the author, and four by archaeologists. Most of the re-dug wells are found at archaeological sites located a very short distance inland from the present shoreline. Evidence of ancient ground-water levels found in the wells directly reflects on historic eustatic sea-level changes, and the rate at which the end of the post-glacial transgression advanced. A critical question concerns the durability and life span of these wells, as the true age is very important for the accurate reconstruction of a sea-level curve. The Pre-Pottery Neolithic well of Atlit-Yam, which is the oldest known well in the world (ca. 8000 yr old), enabled the most accurate sea-level reconstruction for early Holocene times. Sea-level rise during that period of the Atlit-Yam site was of the order of 20 mm yr⁻¹ at the beginning, slowing to 6–8 mm yr⁻¹ at the abandonment of this site at ca. 7.5 ka BP, when it was flooded by the advancing and rising sea. After reaching its present level, sea-level fluctuations for the past 2.5 millennia were not greater than 1.5 to 2 m. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南渑池仰韶人遗址区黄土冲沟阶地的释光测年研究

地貌变迁与古人类活动的关系一直是地理学研究的一个重要科学问题。仰韶文化是黄河流域最为重要的新石器人类 文明之一,文章以河南渑池仰韶遗址区内西沟冲沟为研究对象,尝试建立仰韶人类活动与遗址区内冲沟地貌形成的先后关 系。渑池仰韶遗址区地处黄土高原东南缘黄土堆积区,文章利用释光测年方法测定了西沟冲沟阶地上覆堆积黄土的年代, 粗略重建了阶地形成的时间为大约距今3万年和12万年前,分别对应深海氧同位素（MIS） 3阶段和5阶段。而该时期渑池 仰韶区域尚无古人类活动记录,所以释光测年结果证明仰韶遗址区内的冲沟完全是自然成因的,与遗址区仰韶人的地表活 动无关。