广西北流Ms5.2地震强震动记录分析

对广西北流5.2级地震中获取的强震动记录进行数据校正、带通滤波处理,计算分析各强震动台记录幅值、震动持时及地震动反应谱特性,并根据水平向合成峰值加速度PGA_H相应的烈度值绘制地震仪器烈度图。结果表明,此次地震记录最大峰值加速度的台站为玉林乌石台,仪器烈度达6度;持时在1.9～32.8 s之间,不随震中距增大而增大;地震动加速度反应谱集中在2～9 Hz,对震中区域低矮钢混结构房子有影响,高层建筑危险性不大。     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞MS6.4地震随机有限断层三维地震动模拟

2021年5月21日云南省大理州漾濞县发生MS6.4 地震,震中附近遭受了强烈地震破坏.为预测此次地震的地震动影响场,利用震源运动学破裂随机模型,基于随机有限断层三维地震动模拟方法,给出了此次地震中 28个触发强震动台站的三分量加速度时程模拟记录,并结合强震动观测记录,估计了此次地震的地震应力降及震源破裂过程,进一步模拟给出了此次地震中 2823 个虚拟观测点的三分量加速度时程.结果表明,模拟记录的峰值地面加速度(PGA)、峰值地面速度(PGV)与观测值接近,并体现了地震动峰值的衰减规律、近场饱和效应和破裂方向性效应;模拟与观测记录的 5%阻尼比拟加速度反应谱(PSA)的幅值接近、谱形相似,在0.05～10 s周期段,模拟记录可以很好地预测地震动.基于三分量模拟记录给出了漾濞MS 6.4 地震的仪器测定地震烈度图,与云南省地震局发布的烈度图接近,极震区烈度最高可达Ⅷ度,震源破裂方向性导致震中 SE方向的烈度普遍高于 NW方向,受局部场地条件影响沿洱海西侧出现高烈度异常区.     

与观测方向无关的水平地震动参数计算方法

强震动记录的使用通常不考虑观测方向对于水平地震动参数计算的影响。文中以2008年汶川Ms8.0级地震中绵竹清平台获取的强震动记录为研究对象,对记录进行水平向旋转以模拟观测方向的变化,分析水平向峰值加速度PGA、峰值速度PGV、相对持时DR、绝对持时DA及谱加速度PSA随观测方向的变化情况。结果表明,PGA、PGV及PSA的计算较大依赖于观测方向,而DR和DA则受观测方向影响较小。为此文中提出了一种与观测方向无关的水平地震动参数计算方法,对于计算诸如PGA、PGV等与周期无关的地震动参数时不考虑周期独立;而对于计算诸如PSA等与周期有关的地震动参数时考虑周期独立。     

岷县漳县6.6级地震及余震强震动记录特征分析

对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县—漳县地震获取的273条主余震加速度记录进行格式转换、基线校正和滤波等常规处理,分析该地震主震(M_S6.6)和余震(M_S5.6)两次地震记录的幅值、持时以及反应谱特征,发现M_S6.6主震记录的PGA范围在0.728～177.5 gal间,M_S5.6余震记录的PGA范围在0.732～69.3 gal间;将观测数据与霍俊荣和第五代《中国地震动参数区划图》地震动衰减关系进行对比,发现霍俊荣衰减关系更吻合于此次地震的主余震加速度衰减;绘制主余震5%～95%重要持时分布图,并针对主震62MXT反应谱和本地设计谱以及近些年国内主要强震震中反应谱开展比较分析;最后研究土层台、基岩台、相同台站各个震级反应谱的特征。     

2013年乌鲁木齐MS5.6和MS5.1地震强地震动模拟研究

利用基于动力学拐角频率的随机有限断层法,针对2013年3月29日和8月30日乌鲁木齐发生的M_S5.6和M_S5.1两次地震,选择不同机构的震源参数对23个台站的45条强震记录进行强地震动模拟,对比分析加速度时程和反应谱,并计算模型偏差.通过与实际场点记录进行对比的结果显示:选取的不同机构震源参数模型得到的模拟加速度时程在持时和形状上与实际记录有一定差距,对于近震源的台站,模拟结果的峰值加速度(PGA)比观测结果小,对于稍远的台站,结果基本能够保持一致;而加速度反应谱,模拟结果与观测结果具有较好一致性; 随机有限断层模型的误差在±0.5以内,拟合效果较好,而且高频段的拟合效果要好于低频段;采用不同机构震源参数模型得到的模拟结果与观测结果得到的PGA分布特征较为一致,但模拟结果的峰值加速度要低于观测结果.      

2016年10月30日意大利MW6.6地震破裂方向性效应对地震动参数的影响

2016年10月30日意大利中部发生了M_W6.6地震,这是继8月24日M_W6.2地震后的又一次浅源破坏性地震,意大利国家强震台网在此次地震中获得了丰富的强震动三分向加速度记录。本文从工程强震动数据中心下载了三分向加速度记录,经基线校正和滤波等常规数据处理后发现,强震动体现出明显的方向性效应。根据震源机制解将强震动台站分为破裂前方区域的NW组和破裂后方区域的SE组,采用最小二乘法回归了不同分组的地震动峰值加速度、反应谱和持时的衰减规律,得出断层破裂方向性对地震动参数的幅值影响较大,在断层距相同的情况下,破裂前方区域的加速度和加速度反应谱幅值均高于破裂后方区域,而破裂前方区域的地震动持时远小于破裂后方区域,破裂方向性显著。      

2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震强震动记录特征初步分析

2020年1月19日新疆伽师发生M S6.4地震,新疆强震动观测台网共获取44组强震动记录,西克尔强震台获得本次地震最大峰值加速度633.3×10-2 m·s-2。本文对获取到的强震动记录进行初步整理、分析,拟合得到本次地震地震动峰值加速度衰减关系,在300 km范围内与经验性衰减关系相差不大。计算分析了峰值加速度大于100×10-2 m·s-2的5个典型强震台站加速度反应谱,并与设计反应谱进行对比分析,同时计算了这5个台站地震动70%及90%能量持时,两者相差较大,反映出地震主要能量释放集中在相对较短的时间内。     

2016年日本熊本MW7.0地震强震动记录特征分析

对2016年日本熊本MW7. 0地震K-net和Kik-net强震动台网获取的强震动记录进行校正处理,分析了峰值加速度与峰值速度幅值特征,将观测结果与日本常用的3组衰减关系进行了对比,最后分析了强震动记录的持时特征和频谱特征。结果表明:①本次地震EW,NS及UD向最大峰值加速度分别为1 156. 95 gal,-786. 60 gal,874. 40 gal,与日本地区峰值加速度和峰值速度衰减公式预测值比较吻合;②5%-75%和5%-95%的2种能量持时整体上符合随距离增大而增大的规律;③KMMH16台站3个方向的加速度反应谱在0. 5～1. 2 s都超过1995年阪神地震中JR Takaroti台站的反应谱,本次地震对木结构房屋和低矮及中层钢筋混凝土房屋破坏严重。     

2013年4月20日四川芦山地震强地面运动三要素特征分析

2013年4月20日四川省芦山县境内发生M_S7.0级地震,地震造成196人死亡,21人失踪,11470人受伤,震中最大烈度IX.地震发生后,中国数字强震动观测网络和成都市地震烈度速报网络分别获得了114组和63组3分量强震动记录.记录得出在近场加速度幅值较高,与汶川地震峰值相当,然而震害却不严重.本文介绍了这些记录的基本情况,分析了其地震动三要素（幅值、持时、频谱）特征以及对建筑物结构的潜在影响.分析结果表明：芦山地震PGA（地震动峰值加速度）与我国常用的霍俊荣地震动预测方程较一致,高于即将颁布的第五代区划图中使用的预测方程;PGV（地震动峰值速度）与第五代区划图中使用的预测方程基本一致;Significant持时和Bracketed持时高于全球经验预测方程,且Bracketed持时衰减显著慢于全球平均水平;典型11个幅值较大记录的5%阻尼比加速度反应谱峰值周期都在0.1~0.2 s范围内,且谱值远高于规范设计谱,但在周期0.3 s之后迅速下降至设计谱以下;芦山地震地震动PGV值较小以及对应我国中小城市和城镇主要建筑物的结构自振周期范围（0.3~1 s）内加速度反应谱远低于规范设计谱,可用于解释其震害相对较轻的原因.     

竖向地震动特征研究

本文以国内外数十次地震(ML≥5)的近场自由地表加速度记录为基础数据，进行近场加速度峰值比的统计分析，并着重对1999年台湾集集地震竖向地震动反应谱特征进行研究。统计结果表明，竖向与水平向(V／H)加速度峰值比与震源距相关，随震源距增加，比值降低；竖向反应谱及竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比是周期的函数、并与场地条件及震源距相关。     

2021年青海玛多7.4级地震强震动记录及特征分析

2021年5月22日,青海省果洛州玛多县发生7.4级地震,中国强震动观测网络在主震中捕获16组强震动数据.对48条三分向加速度记录进行基线校正、滤波等常规处理,计算相应的地震动参数,发现位于断层破裂前向位置的63DAW台NS向记录的地震动速度波形具有长周期分量丰富的特征.分析6个典型台站的单自由度加速度反应谱,并与我国...     

Determination of moment magnitude from acceleration spectrum

The theoretical acceleration spectrum of observation site has been obtained from source acceleration spectrum derived from scaling law, using attenuation modelQ=Q _ν f ^η . A comparison of a set of theoretical acceleration spectra with observation spectra has been made, and we have obtained the attenuation model for observation site and seismic moment magnitude. We obtain thatQ _o=300,η=0.25 for Wuqia area, Xinjing Zizhizhou, and seismic moment magnitudes of 18 greater aftershocks of Wuqia earthquake occurred in 1985. In order to obtain seismic moment magnitued conveniently, three functional tables of acceleration spectra at 1Hz as the distances for variousQ value have been made. The seismic moment magnitude can be quickly measured from acceleration spectrum at 1Hz according to these tables (epicenter has to be known). The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 435–445, 1992.     

基于《建筑抗震设计规范》强度包线函数参数取值研究

利用《中国地震动参数区划图》采用的地震动参数衰减关系,以及《中国地震动参数区划图》中地震动峰值加速度和地震动加速度反应谱特征周期反推不同设防烈度和设计地震分组对应的震级和震中距,再根据《建筑抗震设计规范》中各设防水准的峰值加速度确定对应的震级和震中距,进而根据地震动强度包线参数与震级和震中距关系计算地震动强度包线参数的取值,为基于强度包线函数生成人工地震动提供参考,并讨论强度包线参数的取值规律：(1)随着设防烈度的提高,加速度时程曲线上升段持续时间t₁和平稳段持续时间t_s减小,下降段衰减指数c增大;(2)随着地震水准和设计地震分组的提高,加速度时程曲线上升段持续时间t₁和平稳段持续时间t_s增加,下降段衰减指数c减小;(3)在生成人工地震动时,除考虑峰值加速度和设计地震分组影响外,还需要考虑设防烈度影响。     

Response of a wind turbine subjected to near-fault excitation and comparison with the Greek Aseismic Code provisions

The paper focuses on the study of the dynamic response of a wind turbine installed close to seismic fault in an earthquake prone region of Greece. The investigation of the seismic behavior of the turbine is performed with response spectrum analysis using the elastic acceleration spectrum provided by the Greek National Aseismic Code for the project area, increased by 25% due to proximity to seismic fault, as recommended by the Code. Also, dynamic analysis is performed using the spectrum obtained from the assessment of seismic hazard at the site of the project (Local), for two typical cases of earthquakes of magnitudes M_s=5.8 and M_s=7.3 with epicentral distances of 1 km and 11 km from the test position, respectively. Finally, a time-history analysis is carried out using an artificial accelerogram obtained from the local spectrum envelope, for the site of the project, considering 1% damping ratio. The direct comparison of the response spectrum analysis results with the corresponding ones obtained from the dynamic and time-history analyses indicates that the implementation of the elastic acceleration spectrum is insufficient, although increased, and therefore it could be deduced that the current recommendation of the Greek National Aseismic Code to consider an increment of 25% on the elastic acceleration spectrum in regions close to seismic faults, requires review and further improvement.     

Simulation of strong earthquake characteristics of a scenario earthquake (MS7.5) based on the enlightenment of 2022 MS6.9 earthquake in Menyuan

The Menyuan area is an important transportation hub in the Hexi Corridor. The Menyuan M_S6.9 earthquake that occurred on January 8, 2022 had a major impact on the local infrastructure and transportation of this region. Due to the high possibility of similar strong earthquakes occurring in this area in the future, preliminary assessment of the seismic intensity characteristics of destructive earthquakes in this region is essential for effective disaster control. This paper uses the empirical Green′s function (EGF) method as a numerical simulation tool to predict the ground motion intensity of Datong Autonomous County under the action of the scenario earthquake (M_S7.5). Seismic records of aftershocks of the 2016 Menyuan M_S6.4 earthquake were used as Green’s functions for this simulation. The uncertainties associated with various source parameters were considered, and 36 possible earthquake scenarios were simulated to obtain 72 sets of horizontal ground motions in Datong County. The obtained peak ground acceleration (PGA) vs. time histories of the horizontal ground motion were screened using the attenuation relationships provided by the fifth-edition of China's Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zoning Map and the NGA-West2 dataset. Ultimately, 32 possible acceleration-time histories were selected for further analysis. The screened PGA values ranged from 78.8 to 153 cm/s². The uncertainty associated with the initial rupture point was found to greatly affect the results of the earthquake simulation. The average acceleration spectrum of the selected acceleration-time history exceeded the expected spectrum of a intermediate earthquake, which means that buildings in Datong County might sustain some damage should the scenario earthquake occur. This research can provide reliable ground motion input for urban earthquake damage simulation and seismic design in Datong County. Growing the dataset of small earthquakes recorded in this region will facilitate the large-scale simulation of ground motions under different earthquake scenarios.     

2018年陕西宁强5.3级地震强地面运动特征及局部场地效应分析

2018年9月12日陕西省宁强县发生5.3级地震,中国数字强震动台网的39个专业台站在此次地震中触发。文章中通过处理捕获的117条三分向加速度记录,给出近场台站的地震动参数,绘制震中附近区域峰值加速度等值线图,其长轴呈西南-东北方向展布。采用实际观测数据与几种常用地震动衰减关系对比,发现霍俊荣衰减预测模型能更好地反映此次地震的影响场。将振幅最大的51GYD台的反应谱与我国抗震设计反应谱比较,采用最小二乘法拟合出不同震中距5个台站各周期谱加速度衰减特性,总结出此次地震的反应谱基本特征。运用H/V谱比法对51GYD土层台和62ZM台阵进行局部场地地震反应分析,研究覆盖土层对地震动的放大作用,及局部地形对峰值加速度和峰值速度的影响过程。     

Spectral parameters of ground motion in different regions: comparison of empirical models

Fourier-amplitude spectrum is one of the most important parameters describing earthquake ground motion, and it is widely used for strong ground motion prediction and seismic hazard estimation. The relationships between Fourier-acceleration spectra, earthquake magnitude and distance were analysed for different seismic regions (the Caucasus and Taiwan island) on the basis of ground motion recordings of small to moderate (3.5≤M_L≤6.5) earthquakes. It has been found that the acceleration spectra of the most significant part of the records, starting from S-wave arrival, can be modelled accurately by the Brune's “ω-squared” point-source model. Parameters of the model are found to be region-dependent. Peak ground accelerations and response spectra for condition of rock sites were calculated using stochastic simulation technique and obtained models of source spectra. The modelled ground-motion parameters are compared with those predicted by recent empirical attenuation relationship for California.     

Earthquake-induced landslide displacement attenuation models and application in probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis

A landslide displacement (DLL) attenuation model has been developed using spectral intensity and a ratio of critical acceleration coefficient to ground acceleration coefficient. In the development of the model,a New Zealand earthquake record data set with magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 7.2 within a source distance of 175 km is used. The model can be used to carry out deterministic landslide displacement analysis,and readily extended to carry out probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis. DLL attenuation models have also been developed by using earthquake source terms,such as magnitude and source distance,that account for the effects of earthquake faulttype,source type,and site conditions. Sensitivity analyses show that the predicted DLL values from the new models are close to those from the Romeo model that was developed from an Italian earthquake record data set. The proposed models are also applied to an analysis of landslide displacements in the Wenchuan earthquake,and a comparison between the predicted and the observed results shows that the proposed models are reliable,and can be confidently used in mapping landslide potential.