四川芦山7.0级强震及其余震序列重定位

本研究采用双差定位法对2013年4月20日发生在龙门山断裂带上的四川芦山7.0级强震及主震后48小时内504次余震序列进行重新定位,最终得到328个精定位地震事件.结果表明,余震在水平方向上主要沿龙门山断裂带的山前断裂西南段的大川-双石断裂发生,扩展模式以西南向为主(约23 km)兼有弱东北向(约12 km),并非简单的单侧扩展.在深度方向上,余震主要以铲状结构分布在18～22 km之间.通过拟合精定位后的小震空间分布特征,显示本次地震断层面倾角在15～25 km深度范围内由主震处约44°逐渐向西南向扩展增大至约73°,可能表明断层往西南破裂过程中走滑分量逐渐增强,与2008年汶川地震引起中央断裂倾角由西南向东北变化相类似.     

High-resolution seismic tomography of the upper crust in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake and its seismotectonic implications

Both P- and S-wave arrivals were collected for imaging upper crustal structures in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake. High-resolution, three-dimensional P and S velocity models were constructed by travel-time tomography. Moreover, more than 3700 aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake were relocated via a grid search method. The P- and S-wave velocity images of the upper crust show largely similar characters, with high and low velocity anomalies, which mark the presence of significant lateral and vertical heterogeneity at the source region of the Lushan earthquake. The characteristics of the velocity anomalies also reflect the associated surface geological tectonics in this region. The distributions of high velocity anomalies of both P- and S-waves to 18 km depth are consistent with the distributions of relocated aftershocks, suggesting that most of the ruptures were localized inside the high velocity region. In contrast, low P and S velocities were found in the surrounding regions without aftershocks, especially in the region to the northeast of the Lushan earthquake. For the relocated aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake from this study, we found that most aftershocks were concentrated in a zone of about 40 km long and 20 km wide, and were located in the hanging wall of Dayi–Mingshan fault. The focal depths of aftershocks increase from the southeast to the northwest region in the direction perpendicular to the fault strike, suggesting that the fault ruptured at an approximate dip angle of 45°. The main depths of the aftershocks in the northwest of the main shock are significantly shallower than expected, revealing the different seismogenic conditions in the source region.     

High-precision relocation of the aftershock sequence of the January 8, 2022, MS6.9 Menyuan earthquake

The 2022 Menyuan M_S6.9 earthquake, which occurred on January 8, is the most destructive earthquake to occur near the Lenglongling (LLL) fault since the 2016 Menyuan M_S6.4 earthquake. We relocated the mainshock and aftershocks with phase arrival time observations for three days after the mainshock from the Qinghai Seismic Network using the double-difference method. The total length and width of the aftershock sequence are approximately 32 km and 5 km, respectively, and the aftershocks are mainly concentrated at a depth of 7–12 km. The relocated sequence can be divided into 18 km west and 13 km east segments with a boundary approximately 5 km east of the mainshock, where aftershocks are sparse. The east and west fault structures revealed by aftershock locations differ significantly. The west fault strikes EW and inclines to the south at a 71º–90º angle, whereas the east fault strikes 133º and has a smaller dip angle. Elastic strain accumulates at conjunctions of faults with different slip rates where it is prone to large earthquakes. Based on surface traces of faults, the distribution of relocated earthquake sequence and surface ruptures, the mainshock was determined to have occurred at the conjunction of the Tuolaishan (TLS) fault and LLL fault, and the west and east segments of the aftershock sequence were on the TLS fault and LLL fault, respectively. Aftershocks migrate in the early and late stages of the earthquake sequence. In the first 1.5 h after the mainshock, aftershocks expand westward from the mainshock. In the late stage, seismicity on the northeast side of the east fault is higher than that in other regions. The migration rate of the west segment of the aftershock sequence is approximately 4.5 km/decade and the afterslip may exist in the source region.     

2012年6月30日新疆新源-和静MS6.6 地震发震构造初步研究

2012年6月30日新疆维吾尔自治区新源-和静县交界发生M_S6.6地震,该地震是2010年青海玉树7.1级地震和2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震之间中国大陆发生的最大的地震.本文基于新疆数字地震台网记录的此次地震序列震相资料,分别用绝对和相对定位方法联合对其进行重新定位,重新定位后余震展布为NW向,主震位置为43.429°N,84.755°E,深度为21.8 km.基于新疆地震台网记录6.6级地震波形数据,本文用CAP方法反演了震源机制解和震源深度.结果显示：M_S6.6地震震源机制解：节面Ⅰ走向39°,倾角46°,滑动角12°,节面Ⅱ走向301°,倾角81°,滑动角135°;震源深度为21 km,与利用地震震相到时确定的主震震源深度基本一致.主震震源机制解的节面Ⅱ与伊犁盆地北缘断裂走向和倾角基本一致,综合精确定位余震展布和伊犁盆地北缘断裂性质分析认为,新源-和静M_S6.6地震发震构造是伊犁盆地北缘断裂,震源深度为21 km左右,是一个高角的内陆倾滑地震.     

2014年11月22日康定M6.3级地震序列发震构造分析

2014年11月22日在NW向鲜水河断裂带中南段四川康定县发生M6.3级地震,11月25日在该地震震中东南约10km处再次发生M5.8级地震.基于中国国家数字地震台网和四川区域数字地震台网资料,采用多阶段定位方法对本次康定M6.3级地震序列进行了重新定位;利用gCAP(generalized Cut And Paste)矩张量反演方法获得了M6.3和M5.8级地震的震源机制解与矩心深度,分析了本次地震序列的发震构造,并结合历史强震破裂时空分布和2001年以来小震重新定位结果,对鲜水河断裂带中段强震危险性进行了初步探讨.获得的主要结果如下:(1)M6.3级主震震中位于101.69°E、30.27°N,震源初始破裂深度约10km,矩心深度9km;M5.8级地震震中位于101.73°E、30.18°N,初始破裂深度约11km,矩心深度9km.gCAP矩张量反演结果揭示这两次地震双力偶分量占主导,M6.3级地震的最佳双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向143°/倾角82°/滑动角-9°,节面Ⅱ走向234°/倾角81°/滑动角-172°.M5.8级地震最佳双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向151°/倾角83°/滑动角-6°,节面Ⅱ走向242°/倾角84°/滑动角-173°.依据余震分布长轴展布与断裂走向,判定节面Ⅰ为发震断层面,M6.3和M5.8级地震均为带有微小正断分量的左旋走滑型地震.(2)序列中重新定位的459个地震平均震源深度约9km,地震主要集中分布在6~11km深度区间,余震基本发生在M6.3和M5.8级地震震源上部.依据余震密集区展布范围,推测本次康定地震的震源体尺度长约30km、宽约4km、深度范围约6km.M6.3级主震震源附近的余震稀疏区可能是一个较大的凹凸体(asperity),在主震中能量得以充分释放.(3)最初3天的余震主要分布在M6.3级地震NW侧;而M5.8级地震之后的余震主要集中在其震中附近.M6.3级地震以及最初3天的绝大部分余震发生在倾角约82°近直立的NW走向色拉哈断裂上;M5.8级地震与其后的多数余震发生在倾角约83°近直立的NW走向折多塘断裂北端走向向北偏转部位,M5.8级地震可能是M6.3级地震触发相邻的折多塘断裂活动所致.(4)康定M6.3与M5.8级地震发生在鲜水河断裂带乾宁与康定之间的色拉哈强震破裂空段,本次地震破裂尺度较小,尚不足以填补该强震空段.色拉哈段以及相邻的乾宁段7级地震平静时间均已超过其平均复发周期估值,未来几年存在发生7级地震的危险.康定M6.3级地震序列基本填补了震前存在于塔公与康定之间的深部小震空区,未来强震发生在塔公至松林口段深部小震稀疏区内的可能性很大.     

MECHANISM OF THE 2015 PISHAN,XINJIANG, MS6.5 MAINSHOCK AND RELOCATION OF ITS AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES

Using the digital broadband seismic data recorded by Xinjiang network stations, we obtained focal mechanism of the July 3 Pishan, Xinjiang, M_S6.5 earthquake with generalized Cut and Paste(gCAP)inversion method. The strike, dip and rake of first nodal plane are 97°, 27°, 51°, and the second nodal plane are 318°, 70°, 107°. The centroid depth and moment magnitude are calculated to be 12km and 6.4. Combining with the distribution of aftershocks, we conclude that the first nodal plane is the seismogenic fault, and the main shock presents a thrust earthquake at low angle. We relocated 1014 earthquakes using the double-difference algorithm, and finally obtained 937 relocated events. Our results show that the earthquake sequences clearly demonstrate a unilateral extension about 50km nearly in NWW direction, and are mainly located above 25km depth, especially the small earthquakes are predominately located at the shallow parts. Furthermore, the focal depth profile shows a southwestward dipping fault plane at the main shock position, suggesting listric thrust faulting, which is consistent with the dip of the mainshock rupture plane. The spatial distribution of aftershocks represents that the Tarim block was thrust under the West Kunlun orogenic belt. In addition, the dip angle of the fault plane gradually increases along the NWW direction, possibly suggesting a gradual increase of strike-slip component during the NWW rupturing process. From above, we conclude that the Pishan M_S6.5 earthquake is the result of Tibet plateau pushing onto the Tarim block from south to north, which further confirms that the continuous collision of India plate and Eurasia plate has strong influence on the seismic activity in and around the Tibet plateau.     

2013年芦山地震序列震源机制与震源区构造变形特征分析

基于四川区域地震台网记录的波形资料,利用CAP波形反演方法,同时获取了2013年4月20日芦山M7.0级地震序列中88个M≥3.0级地震的震源机制解、震源矩心深度与矩震级,进而利用应变花（strain rosette）和面应变（areal strain）As值,分析了芦山地震序列震源机制和震源区构造运动与变形特征.获得的主要结果有：（1）芦山M7.0级主震破裂面参数为走向219°/倾角43°/滑动角101°,矩震级为M_W6.55,震源矩心深度15 km.芦山地震余震区沿龙门山断裂带走向长约37 km、垂直断裂带走向宽约16 km.主震两侧余震呈不对称分布,主震南西侧余震区长约27 km、北东侧长约10 km.余震分布在7~22 km深度区间,优势分布深度为9~14 km,序列平均深度约13 km,多数余震分布在主震上部.粗略估计的芦山地震震源体体积为37 km×16 km×16 km.（2）面应变As值统计显示,芦山地震序列以逆冲型地震占绝对优势,所占比例超过93%.序列主要受倾向NW、倾角约45°的近NE-SW向逆冲断层控制;部分余震发生在与上述主发震断层近乎垂直的倾向SE的反冲断层上;龙门山断裂带前山断裂可能参与了部分余震活动.P轴近水平且优势方位单一,呈NW-SE向,与龙门山断裂带南段所处区域构造应力场方向一致,反映芦山地震震源区主要受区域构造应力场控制,芦山地震是近NE-SW向断层在近水平的NW-SE向主压应力挤压作用下发生逆冲运动的结果.序列中6次非逆冲型地震均发生在主震震中附近,且主震震中附近P轴仰角变化明显,表明主震对其震中附近局部区域存在明显的应力扰动.（3）序列整体及不同震级段的应变花均呈NW向挤压白瓣形态,显示芦山地震震源区深部构造呈逆冲运动、NW向纯挤压变形.各震级段的应变花方位与形状一致,具有震级自相似性特征,揭示震源区深部构造运动和变形模式与震级无关.（4）不同深度的应变花形态以NW-NWW向挤压白瓣为优势,显示震源区构造无论是总体还是分段均以NW-NWW向挤压变形为特征.但应变花方位与形状随深度仍具有较明显的变化,可能反映了震源区构造变形在深度方向上存在分段差异.（5）芦山地震震源体尺度较小,且主震未发生在龙门山断裂带南段主干断裂上,南段长期积累的应变能未能得到充分释放,南段仍存在发生强震的危险.     

2014年2月12日新疆于田MS7.3级地震主震及余震序列重定位研究

本研究采用基于贝叶斯理论的绝对定位方法对2014年2月12日新疆于田M_S7.3级地震进行绝对定位,得到震中位置为82.56°E、36.04°N、震源深度为12.3 km;采用双差定位法对254个地震序列进行相对定位,得到101个重定位事件.结果显示,主震位于阿尔金断裂带西南端多个分支断裂的交汇处.余震震源主要分布范围在5~10 km深度之间,主震处余震代表的断层面较为陡立,且余震序列呈现出明显的西南向纯单侧扩展模式.沿阿尔金断裂带主震的北东向民丰震区本次地震后显示一个明显的地震丛集,说明本次主震对该震区具有触发作用.     

2021年西藏比如MS6.1地震序列发震构造分析

利用双差定位方法对西藏比如M_S6.1地震序列141次M_L≥2.0地震进行重新定位,采用CAP波形反演方法获得主震的震源机制解,并运用最小空间旋转角方法比较不同机构发布的震源机制解的差异。重新定位后主震震中位置为(31.924°N,92.824°E),靠近余震区中心,震源深度为12.8 km;余震分布沿NE向展布,长约18 km。沿NE向深度剖面结果显示,在主震右上方存在5 km×10 km的近椭圆形地震破裂空区。主震的震源机制解为正断兼走滑型,最佳矩心深度为9.3 km,矩震级为5.98。结合重新定位后余震分布、主震与历史地震震源机制解及地质构造背景等分析,认为具有左旋运动性质的安多南缘断裂可能是该次地震序列的主要发震构造。     

2018年11月26日台湾海峡M_S6.2地震发震构造研究

本文利用福建省地震台网、广东省地震台网和台湾"中央"气象局17个台的宽频带记录,使用CAP方法反演了2018年11月26日台湾海峡M_S6.2地震震源机制解,得到节面1走向/倾角/滑动角为89°/82°/-173°,节面2走向/倾角/滑动角为358°/84°/-7°,最佳拟合深度14km,矩震级5.8.使用双差定位获取了94个M_L2.0以上地震的精定位结果,结果显示,主震位于北纬23.36°,东经118.62°,震源深度10.43km.根据小震分布和构造应力场反演得到余震断层面走向和倾角分别为88°和60°.研究认为,台湾海峡6.2级地震发震构造为近EW向的台湾浅滩断裂,受南海板块张裂拉伸发育而成,孕震过程中有东山隆起东缘断裂的参与,推测在菲律宾板块对欧亚板块NW-SE向挤压碰撞背景下,近EW向的台湾浅滩断裂与近NS向的东山隆起东缘断裂交接部位属于强度薄弱区,最终产生高倾角右旋走滑错动而引发地震,余震主要沿台湾浅滩断裂分布.     

Relocation of the 10 March 2011 Yingjiang,China, earthquake sequence and its tectonic implications

An earthquake with M_S5.8 occurred on 10 March 2011 in Yingjiang county, western Yunnan, China. This earthquake caused 25 deaths and over 250 injuries. In order to better understand the seismotectonics in the region, we collected the arrival time data from the Yunnan seismic observational bulletins during 1 January to 25 March 2011, and precisely hand-picked the arrival times from high-quality seismograms that were recorded by the temporary seismic stations deployed by our Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration. Using these arrival times, we relocated all the earthquakes including the Yingjiang mainshock and its aftershocks using the double-difference relocation algorithm. Our results show that the relocated earthquakes dominantly occurred along the ENE direction and formed an upside-down bow-shaped structure in depth. It is also observed that after the Yingjiang mainshock, some aftershocks extended toward the SSE over about 10 km. These results may indicate that the Yingjiang mainshock ruptured a conjugate fault system consisting of the ENE trending Da Yingjiang fault and a SSE trending blind fault. Such structural features could contribute to severely seismic hazards during the moderate-size Yingjiang earthquake.     

2017年8月8日九寨沟M7.0地震及余震震源机制解与发震构造分析

2017年8月8日在青藏高原东缘四川省九寨沟县发生M7.0级强烈地震,极震区烈度达Ⅸ度,但无明显地表破裂,一定程度上限制了发震构造的确定和后续地震危险性判定.本文基于截止至2017年8月14日的地震资料,采用多阶段定位方法,对主震及余震进行了重新定位,同时,利用CAP波形反演方法,获得了M7.0主震与13次M_L ≥ 4.0级余震的震源机制解和震源矩心深度,进而初步分析了本次地震的发震构造.结果显示,九寨沟M7.0地震的矩震级M_W6.4,震源矩心深度5 km,表明主震发生在上地壳浅部,与2003年伊朗巴姆（Bam）M_W6.5地震特征极为相似;12次M_L ≥ 4.0级余震的震源矩心深度6~12 km,显示这些余震发生在主震下部,仅1次例外.重新定位后的余震震中呈NW-SE向窄带展布,位于近NS向的岷江断裂与近EW向的东昆仑断裂带东端分支塔藏断裂所夹持的区域,余震带长轴长约38 km,主震位于余震带中部.根据余震震中分布、主震及余震震源机制解等,推测本次九寨沟M7.0地震及其余震的主发震构造为位于岷江断裂与塔藏断裂之间的树正断裂.震源机制解揭示,树正断裂呈左旋走滑,走向约152°,近SE,倾向SW,倾角约70°,该断裂应属于东昆仑断裂东端的分支断裂之一,或与东南侧的虎牙断裂构成统一断裂系.     

Seismic moment tensor inversion using 3D velocity model and its application to the 2013 Lushan earthquake sequence

Source inversion of small-magnitude events such as aftershocks or mine collapses requires use of relatively high frequency seismic waveforms which are strongly affected by small-scale heterogeneities in the crust. In this study, we developed a new inversion method called gCAP3D for determining general moment tensor of a seismic source using Green's functions of 3D models. It inherits the advantageous features of the “Cut-and-Paste” (CAP) method to break a full seismogram into the Pnl and surface-wave segments and to allow time shift between observed and predicted waveforms. It uses grid search for 5 source parameters (relative strengths of the isotropic and compensated-linear-vector-dipole components and the strike, dip, and rake of the double-couple component) that minimize the waveform misfit. The scalar moment is estimated using the ratio of L₂ norms of the data and synthetics. Focal depth can also be determined by repeating the inversion at different depths. We applied gCAP3D to the 2013 M_s 7.0 Lushan earthquake and its aftershocks using a 3D crustal-upper mantle velocity model derived from ambient noise tomography in the region. We first relocated the events using the double-difference method. We then used the finite-differences method and reciprocity principle to calculate Green's functions of the 3D model for 20 permanent broadband seismic stations within 200 km from the source region. We obtained moment tensors of the mainshock and 74 aftershocks ranging from M_w 5.2 to 3.4. The results show that the Lushan earthquake is a reverse faulting at a depth of 13–15 km on a plane dipping 40–47° to N46° W. Most of the aftershocks occurred off the main rupture plane and have similar focal mechanisms to the mainshock's, except in the proximity of the mainshock where the aftershocks' focal mechanisms display some variations.     

利用sPn震相测定芦山MS7.0级地震余震的震源深度

利用南北地震带南段密集流动地震台阵的观测数据,采用波形互相关方法拾取Pn波走时,应用滑动时窗相关法识别sPn震相,通过sPn与Pn震相之间的走时差测定了芦山地震序列中28个M_L4.0级以上余震的震源深度.结果表明,震源深度集中在10~20 km范围内,垂直余震带的北西-南东向震源深度剖面揭示,余震分布表现出西深东浅的特点,倾角大约为39°.这些余震在空间上具有较好的线性分布特征,推测可能发生在与主震有关的破裂面上或邻近位置,由此推测主震的破裂面倾角大约为39°.根据余震的空间分布特征,认为芦山地震的发震断层并非双石-大川断裂,可能是其东侧的一条隐伏断层.     

2013年甘肃岷县—漳县M 6.6地震序列精定位研究

采用双差定位法对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县—漳县交界地区M 6.6地震及主震后48小时内388次余震序列进行重新定位,得到350个精定位地震数据。结果表明,余震优势展布以北东向较大倾角的铲状结构为特征,长约12 km,以主震为中心两侧对称分布;震源深度主要集中在4—10 km范围内,但余震震级由10 km左右深度的3—4级向3 km深度之上近地表的2—3级迁移变化;余震分布清晰呈现双层结构,较深层分布在4—10 km深度,而较浅层分布3 km深度之上,2层之间地震分布较少。分析认为,浅层地震可能为本次地震地表破坏较强原因之一。震源深度剖面显示,破裂面向NE倾斜,推测此次地震的发震断裂为临潭—宕昌断裂。     

芦山震区地壳三维P波速度精细结构及地震重定位研究

联合芦山地震序列5285个地震的50711条P波初至绝对到时数据及7294691条高质量的相对到时数据,利用双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了芦山震源区高分辨率的三维P波速度精细结构及5115个地震震源参数.反演结果表明,芦山主震震中为30.28°N,103.98°E,震源深度为16.38km,主震南西段余震扩展长度约23km,余震前缘倾角较和缓,主震北东段余震扩展长度约12km,余震前缘呈铲形,倾角较陡.芦山震源区P波三维速度结构表现出明显的横向不均匀性,近地表处的P波速度异常与地形起伏及地质构造密切相关:宝兴杂岩对应明显的高速异常,此异常由地表延伸到地下15km深度附近,而中新生代岩石表现为低速异常;大兴附近区域亦显示出小范围的大幅度高速异常,宝兴高速异常与大兴高速异常在10km深度附近相连,进而增加了芦山震源区的高低速异常对比幅度.在芦山主震的南西、北东两段速度结构存在着较大差异,芦山主震在水平向位于宝兴及大兴高速异常所包围的低速异常的前缘.主震南西段余震主要发生在倾向北西的高低速异常转换带上并靠近低速一侧,其下盘为低速异常,上盘为高速异常.而芦山主震北东段的余震主要分布在宝兴高速体与大兴高速体之间,主发震层向北西倾斜,主发震层上方的宝兴高速异常下边界出现一条南东倾向的反冲地震带,两地震带呈"y"型分布.     

2016年1月21日青海门源MS6.4余震序列重定位和主震震源机制解

2016年1月21日01时13分13.0秒（北京时间）,青海省海北州门源县发生M_S6.4地震.为了更好地认识这次地震的发震构造,本文利用青海省地震台网和甘肃省地震台网的省级固定地震台站及部分流动地震台站记录到的波形资料,通过重新拾取震相和联合HYPOINVERSE 2000与HypoDD定位方法,对2016年1月21日青海门源地震序列M_L≥1.8的189个地震事件进行了重新定位,并采用gCAP方法分别反演了主震的双力偶机制解和全矩张量解. 定位结果显示,主震位置为37.67°N、101.61°E,震源深度为11.98 km;余震序列展布方向为SE和NW两个方向、长度约16 km,震源深度优势分布为4~14 km,断层面倾向为SW方向. 利用gCAP方法得到的矩心深度在8~9 km之间. 结合野外地质调查结果,认为该次地震事件为一次逆冲型事件,其发震断层可能为北西向冷龙岭断裂与北西向民乐—大马营断裂之间的一条盲断层,推测由于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞挤压使得青藏高原北缘与阿拉善地块之间的东西向挤压而造成的断层应力失稳,从而形成门源地震.     

MECHANISM OF THE 2016 HUTUBI,XINJIANG, MS6.2 MAINSHOCK AND RELOCATION OF ITS AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES

A strong earthquake with magnitude M_S6.2 hit Hutubi, Xinjiang at 13:15:03 on December 8th, 2016(Beijing Time). In order to better understand its mechanism, we performed centroid moment tensor inversion using the broadband waveform data recorded at stations from the Xinjiang regional seismic network by employing gCAP method. The best double couple solution of the M_S6.2 mainshock on December 8th, 2016 estimated from local and near-regional waveforms is strike:271°, dip:64ånd rake:90° for nodal plane I, and strike:91°, dip:26ånd rake:90°for nodal plane Ⅱ; the centroid depth is about 21km and the moment magnitude(M_W)is 5.9. ISO, CLVD and DC, the full moment tensor, of the earthquake accounted for 0.049%, 0.156% and 99.795%, respectively. The share of non-double couple component is merely 0.205%. This indicates that the earthquake is of double-couple fault mode, a typical tectonic earthquake featuring a thrust-type earthquake of squeezing property.The double difference(HypoDD)technique provided good opportunities for a comparative study of spatio-temporal properties and evolution of the aftershock sequences, and the earthquake relocation was done using HypoDD method. 486 aftershocks are relocated accurately and 327 events are obtained, whose residual of the RMS is 0.19, and the standard deviations along the direction of longitude, latitude and depth are 0.57km, 0.6km and 1.07km respectively. The result reveals that the aftershocks sequence is mainly distributed along the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, extending about 35km to the NWW direction as a whole; the focal depths are above 20km for most of earthquakes, while the main shock and the biggest aftershock are deeper than others. The depth profile shows a relatively steep dip angle of the seismogenic fault plane, and the aftershocks dipping northward. Based on the spatial and temporal distribution features of the aftershocks, it is considered that the seismogenic fault plane may be the nodal plane I and the dip angle is about 271°. The structure of the Hutubi earthquake area is extremely complicated. The existing geological structure research results show that the combination zone between the northern Tianshan and the Junggar Basin presents typical intracontinental active tectonic features. There are numerous thrust fold structures, which are characterized by anticlines and reverse faults parallel to the mountains formed during the multi-stage Cenozoic period. The structural deformation shows the deformation characteristics of longitudinal zoning, lateral segmentation and vertical stratification. The ground geological survey and the tectonic interpretation of the seismic data show that the recoil faults are developed near the source area of the Hutubi earthquake, and the recoil faults related to the anticline are all blind thrust faults. The deep reflection seismic profile shows that there are several listric reverse faults dipping southward near the study area, corresponding to the active hidden reverse faults; At the leading edge of the nappe, there are complex fault and fold structures, which, in this area, are the compressional triangular zone, tilted structure and northward bedding backthrust formation. Integrating with geological survey and seismic deep soundings, the seismogenic fault of the M_S6.2 earthquake is classified as a typical blind reverse fault with the opposite direction close to the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, which is caused by the fact that the main fault is reversed by a strong push to the front during the process of thrust slip. Moreover, the Manas earthquake in 1906 also occurred near the southern marginal fault in Junggar, and the seismogenic mechanism was a blind fault. This suggests that there are some hidden thrust fault systems in the piedmont area of the northern Tianshan Mountains. These faults are controlled by active faults in the deep and contain multiple sets of active faults.     

利用余震震中分析芦山MS7.0 地震发震构造

对2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震主震震中周边29个地震台记录到的震后一年多的微、 小余震,利用Hypo71绝对定位方法进行定位,获得了约1960次地震的震源位置. 结果显示,芦山地震余震在平面上主要沿双石—大川分支断裂及其周边分布,在垂向上主要集中在大约5—20 km深度之间的两条余震交叉带上. 其中一条余震带倾向NW,倾角在12 km左右深度发生变化,浅部倾角较陡,该余震带延伸至地表与双石—大川分支断裂和新开店断裂之间的推测隐伏断裂位置相重合; 另一条余震带倾向SE,其延伸至地表的位置与双石—大川断裂非常接近,但与该断裂倾向相反. 主震震源位置与两条余震带相交的位置接近,且芦山地震主震的两个节面产状与这两条余震带的深部几何形态正好对应, 表明芦山地震主震可能是两条余震带所对应的两条断裂同时活动的结果.      

芦山MS7.0级地震余震序列重新定位及构造意义

利用四川省地震台网的震相数据和双差定位方法对芦山M_S7.0级地震及其余震序列进行了精确定位,根据余震分布确定了发震断层的位置和断层面的几何特征,并对余震活动进行了分析.结果显示,芦山M_S7.0级地震的震中位于30.28°N、102.99°E,震源深度为16.33 km.余震沿发震断层向主震两侧延伸,主要分布在长约32 km、宽约15~20 km、深度为5~24 km的范围内.地震破裂带朝西南方向扩展范围较大,东北方向略小,余震震级随时间迅速衰减.震源深度剖面清晰地显示出发震断层的逆冲破裂特征,推测发震断层为大川—双石断裂东侧约10 km的隐伏断层.该断层走向217°、倾向北西,倾角约45°,产状与大川—双石断裂相比略缓,它们同属龙门山前山断裂带的叠瓦状逆冲断层系.受发震断裂影响,部分余震沿大川—双石断裂分布,西北方向的余震延伸至宝兴杂岩体的东南缘,与汶川地震的破裂带之间存在50 km左右的地震空区,有可能成为未来发生强震的潜在危险区.