对岩土工程概率取值的几个问题的探讨

岩土工程中的许多规范,都不同程度地进行了概率取值,不同规范的概率取值对象、取值保证率不同,计算结果不同。探讨了岩土工程概率取值存在的问题,提出了建议和改进方法。     

水泥土桩复合地基的沉降计算

本文讨论了采用“实体深基础法”计算水泥土桩复合地基沉降时，复合模量的取值、下卧层应力的计算、应力水平的影响等问题。并基于明德林应力解，提出了一种可考虑基础埋深及应力水平影响的复合地基沉降计算方法。     

水利工程震害中土工结构低应力破坏实例分析

实际工程活动与低应力下土石料工程性质密切相关。总结了与低应力条件相关的工程活动,在总结分析以往地震中堤防和坝体滑坡案例的基础上,指出滑坡深度通常小于7 m,其上覆有效应力大多小于100 kPa。在对106组地震液化数据资料分析的基础上,指出地基液化大多发生在上覆有效应力低于100 kPa的低应力条件下。在目前的研究中,通常只关注中、高应力条件下土石料的工程性质。在应用中低应力区的土石料计算参数取值通常与中、高应力条件下获得的强度和变形参数一致,而高、低应力条件下土石料的强度和变形特性是不同的,这种计算参数取值方法的适用性存在疑虑。因此,研究低应力条件下土石料的工程性质,探讨数值计算中低应力条件下土石料计算参数的取值方法,具有重要的工程意义和科学价值。     

基于Melan解的水平基床系数分析方法及工程运用

弹性地基法具有概念清晰、过程简单等优点在深基坑设计中广为运用,合理选择土体水平基床系数是弹性地基法的关键因素。以往地基水平基床系数多依靠于经验取值,一些学者也曾经尝试采用mindlin解等一些经典的弹性解来确定地基水平基床系数,但在参数的取值以及边界条件的确定方面均存在问题。根据反对称问题的特点,很好地解决了基坑开挖后的边界条件问题,使之符合弹性半空间理论,同时采用考虑应力状态和应力水平的土体参数,使得参数的选取更加符合实际情况。结合理论分析结果与应力路径试验结果,得到了与模量相关的水平基床系数计算方法。将计算得到的水平基床系数运用到杭州市地铁一号线试验段深基坑开挖工程中,并与实测结果进行比较,验证了计算方法的正确性,为杭州地铁后期设计计算、开挖施工提供了理论依据。该方法与传统弹性地基法相比,水平基床系数的取值有明确的计算方法,与连续介质有限元法相比,参数简单、计算简便、概念明确。     

桩承式路堤土拱效应的改进Terzaghi方法

桩承式路堤的关键问题在于桩体荷载分担比的计算,其主要方法是土拱理论。本文在传统太沙基土拱理论的基础上,通过改进边界条件、侧向土压力系数和考虑变形等三个因素对其进行了改进和修正,建议土拱高度取值为1.4(s-a),并考虑路堤沉降对侧向土压力系数k的影响,建立了改进的土拱效应计算方法。通过对两个工程实例的计算,本文提出的计算结果和实测结果具有很好的一致性,而且反映出了土体应力分布规律、土拱作用机理以及土拱的作用范围。     

岩体变形参数渐变取值模型及工程应用

分析了当前岩体现场试验、变形参数取值和常规计算模式存在的问题。针对河谷、斜坡岩体从表部到深部 ,岩体风化、岩体波速和岩体地应力等彼此均呈现渐变性特征 ,提出了岩体变形参数渐变取值模型 ,并以黄河上游李家峡水电站初期蓄水监测资料 ,论证了岩体变形参数空间上连续性渐变取值的合理性和科学性 ,对今后其它岩体工程的力学参数取值和计算模型的概化提供了指导意义.     

基础埋置深度取值计算

基础埋置深度的大小,对基底压力、基底附加应力、地基承载力的影响很大。本文探讨了基底压力计算、基底附加应力计算时基础埋深取值计算的原则和方法;分别给出了填方整平区、地下室为箱形基础或筏形基础、地下室为独立基础或条形基础时,地基承载力修正基础埋深取值的计算方法和公式;对主裙楼建筑,推导出主楼地基单侧滑动面宽度临界值,给出了相应的判别式和基础埋深计算公式。计算简单方便,可满足工程要求。     

深基坑支护结构计算的改进平面框架模型方法

传统的平面框架模型分析方法在基坑支护结构位移计算中,存在着计算模型误差和地基土力学参数取值误差等因素,对计算结果影响较大。改进平面框架模型分析方法是通过修正地基土力学参数,修正上述两种误差对计算结果的影响,以达到提高计算精度的目的。地基土力学参数可采用正反分析方法取值。取值过程将结合径向基神经网络方法和空间作用协同分析模型。结果表明,该方法较传统方法而言计算精度更高。     

基于剪切滑移的圆形洞室应力状态研究

引入一种基于滑移线上非线性本构关系的圆形洞室计算模型,并从这个模型推导得出洞室开挖后应力状态的非连续表达式。在该表达式中围岩的应力分区以及其中的应力值由一个不定的荷载参数控制。通过引入边界条件的方法确定荷载参数,解决了荷载参数不确定的问题。从围岩的应力分布状态确定荷载参数的取值范围,并计算得到不同荷载参数范围内围岩应力分布曲线。将围岩应力状态的解析解与局部剪切应变二维有限元程序的数值解进行比较验证,一致性较好。     

广州地区软岩承载力的讨论

根据原位和室内试验资料,对广州地区软岩天然地基承载力的确定及嵌岩桩承载力计算参数取值中存在的一些问题进行分析讨论,提出了解决思路和处理建议.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861