断陷盆地多层次幕式裂陷作用与沉积充填响应——以南堡老第三纪断陷盆地为例

应用盆地充填记录、盆地构造格架、盆地沉降史及岩浆活动史等信息，论证了南堡老第三纪断陷盆地存在大尺度（裂陷期）、中尺度（裂陷幕）及小尺度（幕式盆缘正断事件）三个级别的构造作用。多级别幕式裂陷作用控制了盆地内部的沉积充填，其中一级沉积旋回、二级沉积旋回和三级沉积旋回分别对应于裂陷期、裂陷幕和幕式盆缘正断事件。构造与沉积的良好响应为进行层序地层单元划分奠定了基础，构造层序、亚构造层序及层序分别对应于裂陷期、裂陷幕和幕式盆缘正断事件控制下的沉积充填实体。     

盆山耦合关系的讨论——以洞庭盆地与周边造山带为例

根据地质、地球物理和地貌等资料,系统分析了洞庭盆地与雪峰、幕阜造山带之间的结构样式、变形特征及形成演化,认为该区中、新生代造山带与盆地之间存在极其明显的耦合关系:1)燕山早中期（晚侏罗世—早白垩世）,研究区的物源来自周边的山地,盆—山耦合所表现的只是地表高处剥蚀、低处堆积的填平补齐关系。2)燕山晚期的盆山耦合（晚白垩世早中期）,洞庭盆地的形成与当时雪峰、幕阜造山带后期的伸展塌陷构成盆山耦合现象,此期由于受到太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块作斜向俯冲作用影响,造山带的快速隆升造成沿着扭张性断层的走向发育一系列的雁行断块,控制着盆地的发展,二者之间形成耦合作用。3)早喜马拉雅期（晚白垩世晚期—早第三纪）,受张裂的大地构造环境的影响,盆内被强烈的伸展变形,箕状断陷盆地的特征更加明显,湖盆扩大。4)晚喜山期（晚第三纪—第四纪）,自渐新世喜马拉雅运动主幕以来,雪峰、幕阜造山带总体表现为弱挤压—压扭造山隆升及逐渐被剥蚀,并为洞庭盆地晚第三纪—第四纪坳陷型沉积提供物源。      

黄骅坳陷北部下第三系的海绿石

黄骅坳陷在早第三纪沙河街组三段时期开始形成一个统一湖盆,东营组时期在北部发育三角洲沉积,至晚第三纪湖盆已被填满。虽然下第三系中总的生物面貌是非海相的,但沙河街组和东营组均见有德弗兰藻等海相甲藻属种,唐家河东营组三段砂岩薄层中含有海胆刺碎片,偶见有孔虫。表明黄骅拗陷早第三纪时的滨海湖盆有时与海水相连通。在黄骅拗陷北部下第三系沙河街组和东营组砂岩、粉砂岩中还普遍见有微量海绿石,含量约0.01——0.1％。海绿石的形成要求特定的水化学条件和水动力条件,一般认为是海水条件下形成,表明早第三纪时,黄骅拗陷湖盆确有海水影响。     

渤海湾盆地早第三纪钙质超微化石的发现及其意义

近年来,石油部石油勘探开发科学研究院在渤海湾盆地早第三纪沙河街组中首次发现钙质超微化石.这不仅为该盆地遭受海侵提供佐证,也为研究中国东部的古气候、古地理提供有意义的信息.经鉴定,辽河断陷西部凹陷沙河街组一段下部的钙质超微化石是Retjculofenestra sp.、Co-ccoljthus sp .、Cyclococcocithi-thina sp.东濮凹陷北部地区沙河街组一段下部及沙河街组三段中下部的钙质超微化石是:Reticu-lofenestra sp.、Coccolithus sp.、Coronocyclu(?)?sp..     

100Ma——塔里木盆地演化的重要周期

运用沉积盆地波动分析方法对塔里木盆地典型井的周期分析表明，塔里木盆地在其地质历史时期１００Ｍａ的周期是很明显的，自寒武纪以来共经历了４个完整的周期，每一完整周期都由正相位和负相位两个半周期所组成，而第三纪为第Ⅴ个周期的正相位阶段。该周期控制了盆地内的沉积与剥蚀的过程及成藏旋回，并至少控制了古生代的反转构造。对沉积与剥蚀过程的控制作用表现在周期波正相位和负相位分别对应于沉积期和剥蚀期；对含油气系统的控制作用表现在：第Ⅰ个周期波构成以早古生代地层为主体的含油气系统，第Ⅱ个周期波至第Ⅳ个周期波构成以晚古生代至中生代地层为主体的含油气系统，第Ⅴ个周期的正相位阶段构成以新生代地层为主体的含油气系统；对反转构造的控制作用表现在：正相位Ⅰ（寒武纪—早奥陶世）和正相位Ⅱ（晚泥盆世晚期—晚石炭世早期）为伸展构造体制，负相位Ⅰ（中奥陶世—晚泥盆世早期）与负相位Ⅱ（晚石炭世晚期—早二叠世早期）为挤压构造体制。塔里木盆地演化具有１００Ｍａ周期的原因与古天山洋、古昆仑洋及特提斯洋的Ｂ型俯冲触发的地幔羽的上升流及地块的拼贴导致的地幔羽的休眠状态息息相关，从而周期性地控制了塔里木盆地内的沉积与剥蚀过程、成藏旋回及反转构造。     

塔里木盆地西南部白垩纪─早第三纪沉积构造演化

塔里木西南部白垩纪－早第三纪沉积特征表现为５次海进－海退旋回。由于印度板块向北俯冲及随后对塔里木盆地的持续性挤压，造成塔里木周缘的挠曲下沉，同时古特提斯海水从西部侵入盆地，形成相应的沉积旋回。白垩纪－早第三纪塔西南盆地的沉积－构造演化可划分为两个主要阶段：早白垩世为继承性走滑－断陷盆地；晚白垩世－早第三纪为前陆盆地发展阶段。     

南襄盆地泌阳断陷下第三系陆相层序地层

泌阳断陷历经中生代小型拉分盆地、早第三纪断陷盆地和晚第三纪坳陷盆地等３个盆地原型的演化、叠合过程,形成了３个盆地充填序列及其所包含的３个构造层序。泌阳断陷下第三系（即构造层序Ⅱ）为湖盆沉积充填主体,其可划分为７个层序组,各层序组具特定的沉积体系配置关系。作为泌阳断陷油气勘探主要目的层段的下第三系核桃园组可进一步划分为１２个层序。其中,核三上段包括跨时分别为１．０８、１．４０、１．０２Ｍａ的３个陆相层序,由南往北呈现冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖泊—三角洲的沉积体系空间配置。泌阳断陷下第三系层序地层年代框架模式清晰地显示了断陷湖盆成盆演化史、沉积充填史及其陆相层序时空展布特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组时代划分及长73对印支Ⅰ幕的响应

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地层时代划分存在较大分歧,即延长组地层时代是否包含中三叠世以及中、上三叠统界线的确定,而长73地层的归属是其关键.针对争议采集了盆地南部何2井长73底部凝灰岩（H2-2）和长73中上部凝灰岩（H2-1）样品,对H2-2进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩相学研究,对H2-1进行了岩相学和地球化学特征分析.结果表明:岩浆锆石的206Pb/238U加权年龄为239.8±2.0 Ma,属于中三叠世拉丁期,构造活动对应印支Ⅰ幕;凝灰岩来源于大陆花岗岩环境,与西秦岭地区的构造环境一致.结合前人研究成果,认为延长组地层跨中、晚三叠世,长73地层属于延长组第2段并划归到中三叠统,其顶部（即"张家滩页岩"顶部）为中、上三叠统的分界.印支Ⅰ幕构造岩浆活动在盆地发育了延长组长7油层组及凝灰岩等事件沉积,西秦岭地区的花岗质岩浆活动与长73凝灰岩在年龄、分布厚度、岩石组成和构造环境上均具耦合性,长73凝灰岩有可能来自西秦岭的岩浆活动.      

西部凹陷深层沙河街组生储盖组合的层序分析

通过钻井,岩芯和地震等资料的综合分析,可从辽河盆地西部凹陷深层沙河街组中识别出６个钻井长期旋回层序和６个相对应的地震层序,较为详细地讨论了沙河街组序与生储盖组合的关系,认为：（１）在以中,长期旋回层序为等地层对比单元的地层呆中,生储盖组合特征与长期基准面旋回关系最为密切,有利储 育位置主要出现在基准面上升早中期和下降中晚期,转换处则是烃源岩或盖层的发育位置。（２）各长期旋回层序的生储盖组合具不同的     

胜利油区第三纪气候

胜利油区第三纪气候温暖,属亚热带型。早第三纪气候暖热,一般属中亚热带型。沙河街组沉积２时期为增温期,气候属南亚热带型;孔二段及东一段沉积时期为降温期,气候属北亚热带型。晚第三纪气温下降,但仍较温暖,上段沉积时期气候属北亚热带型、馆上段沉积时期气温上升,为中亚热带型;明化组沉积时期气温再度下降。研究区第三纪有一个潮湿期即孔二段沉积时期两个湿润期即沙三段、沙一段中部致馆陶组沉积时期三个干旱期即孔一段至     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861