改进768单路无线发射机提高台网工作质量

本文介绍了对768单路无线地震遥测发射机的改进,提高了发射机的发射功率与效率,同时降低了功耗,提高了电源利用率,从而提高了遥测地震台网的工作质量。实验结果证明,这一改进对减少地震记录图上的脉冲毛刺和台网系统正常运行率的提高都具有实用意义。     

辽宁遥测数字地震台网建设特色及在岫岩-海城地震中的作用

1　辽宁遥测数字地震台网建设概况“辽宁遥测数字地震台网建设项目”是辽宁省防震减灾技术系统建设的重要组成部分 ,是中国地震局“九五”重点项目“中国数字地震观测系统建设”即“95-0 1 -0 1课题的一个专题 ,由辽宁省政府和中国地震局共同投资建设 ,在中国地震局、辽宁省计委、辽宁省财政厅及省市电信部门等各级领导的关心、支持和帮助下完成的。辽宁遥测数字地震台网建设是在原沈阳遥测地震台网 (下称沈阳台网 )模拟观测技术系统的基础上进行数字化改造。沈阳台网是全国 6大区域遥测地震台网之一 ,始建于 1 976年 ,1 984年通过验收 ,曾…     

无线数字遥测地震台网的信道测试

在无线数字遥测地震台网中,信道测试是台网传输的关键环节,关系到台网的运行率和地震信号的可用率,甚至整个台网建设的成败。信道测试有3方面的内容:中继站背景场强测试、子台信道储备测试和信道误码测试。经测试后得到各种参数柱状图,以此判断每个台站的信道质量情况,及时调整台网信道传输的设计方案,确保成功建成无线数字遥测地震台网。     

山西数字与模拟地震台网的资料对比研究

山西数字遥测地震台网于2000年10月1日投入考核运行，为使数字遥测地震台网与模拟地震台网测定的时、空、强地震参数顺利接轨，尽快发挥数字资料在日常工作中的效益，将山西数字遥测地震台网产出的资料与模拟地震台网产出的资料作了全面细致的对比分析，研究了它们之间的相关程度、一致性、差异性。结果表明，数字地震观测系统比模拟地震观测系统具有更高的拴震率，得出山西数字遥测地震台网产出的资料与模拟地震台网产出资料相关性较好、定位结果在误差范围之内、符合《数字地震及前兆观测技术规范》要求的结论。     

广东数字遥测地震台网的建设

广东数字遥测地震台网由广东省人民政府和中国地震局共同投资建设,是我国第一个采用国产数字地震观测专用设备建成的２４位数字遥测地震台网,达到了国际同类地震台网的先进水平。介绍了该台网的建设过程、台网性能、布局、技术系统及其特点。     

数字遥测地震台网中的无线技术

介绍了超短波、微波扩频及卫星技术在数字遥测地震台网中的应用领域及优势,根据各频段无线电波的传播特点和数字遥测台及中继站数据复分复接技术要求,阐述了无线技术在数字遥测地震观测系统中实现的方式和步骤,并叙述了超短波及无线扩频技术在合肥数字遥测地震台网的应用以及在实施过程中需注意的几个技术环节.     

GDGL—97型光电隔离器在遥测地震台网数据采集与处理系统中的应用

遥测地震台网数据采集与处理系统是将各遥测台站传输到记录中心的地震信号经计算机处理后,进行地震速报的实时系统,为尽可能地减少干扰,保证该系统的正常运行,准确无误地处理每个地震事件,我们研制了ＧＤＧＬ－９７型光电隔离器。经在沈阳遥测地震台网数据采集与处理...     

遥测地震台网大震告警系统：几种地震触发告警设备的介绍与比较

遥测地震台网大震告警系统──几种地震触发告警设备的介绍与比较田红庄（中国北京１０００８１国家地震局地球物理研究所）大地震触发告警系统是每一个功能齐全的遥测地震台网接收中心必不可少的系统之一。通常，这样的系统包括中长周期和短周期两种地震告警系统。由于地...     

兰州数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式的设计

介绍了地震信号传输的常用方式及各自的优缺点，提出了数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式设计的总原则和基本原则。实际应用表明，兰州数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式的是符合要求的，提出的数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式的总原则和基本原则，对数字遥测地震台网建设有直接的借鉴作用。     

山西大同数字遥测地震台网技术系统的建设

叙述了山西大同数字遥测地震台网的结构及监测能力，台网的功能及技术指标和遥测台技术系统、供电系统、中心系统、避雷系统、中继站、信道等的建设情况，分析了山西大同数字遥测地震台网考核运行期间获得的资料，结果表明，大同数字遥测地震台网在检测地震能力、动态范围、地震处理精度和速度方面优于模拟台网，对网内大部分区域及东部网缘区域的地震监控能力可达1.5级，网内地震响应速度小于10min，得出该台风可为地学研究及地震预报提供更为丰富的数字地震资料的结论。     

Age, geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of Mahukona Volcano, Hawai`i

The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km³) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high ³He/⁴He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized.     

The Yecheng,Xinjiang, China,earthquake of February 14, 1980

In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m _b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.     

Podhale,Poland, earthquake of November 30, 2004

Earthquake of November 30, 2004, in Podhale region, southern Poland, was of unexpectedly big size in this area of weak seismicity. As Poland is considered a country of low seismicity, the earthquake has caused concern about seismic hazard in Poland, especially since it took place shortly after the even more unexpected Kaliningrad Region, Russia, earthquakes of September 21, 2004, that inflicted minor damage in northern Poland. The paper presents the findings on the Podhale earthquake which reached macroseismic intensity up to 7 and magnitude 4.7 (m _b ; ISC). The event was felt up to a distance of about 100 km and inflicted slight damage to buildings in its narrow epicentral area, thus evidencing its relatively shallow depth. The quake has been located near the village of Skrzypne, about 15 km west-southwest of the district capital Nowy Targ. The source mechanism has been found to be of dip slip normal fault type, although a problem remains of association of this mechanism with known tectonic dislocations in the region. The earthquake has been followed by a long series of aftershocks. Their distribution in time is also studied and the biggest aftershocks have been located.     

Anorthite,andesine, wollastonite,diopside, cordierite and pyrope: thermodynamics of melting,glass transitions,and properties of the amorphous phases

Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K.     

Physical properties,vitrinite reflectance,and microstructure of coal,Taiyuan Formation,Qinshui Basin,China

In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization.     

太阳磁场磁性指数异常变化对南北半球中纬度气候的影响

本文参照太阳黑子相对数特征建立了太阳黑子磁场磁性指数时间序列. 大气温度场谱分析结果显示,南北半球中纬度平流层和对流层大气温度场普遍存在22年变化周期. 分析认为,大气温度场的22年变化周期是太阳活动22年磁性周期所激发.     

Comments on the use of Ti,Zr, Y,Sr, K,P and Nb in classification of basaltic magmas

The distribution of Ti, Zr, Y, Sr, K, P and Nb has been investigated at 55 sample sites within a single basaltic flow, the Cliefden Outcrop, which has adjusted to low-grade metamorphism of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies. The cluster of points in the plot of Ti, Zr and Y as proposed by Pearce and Cann shows that the ratio of these elements has remained relatively constant after metamorphism and would therefore have significance in attempts at classification of magma type. Likewise a plot involving Nb, Y, Zr and P as proposed by Floyd and Winchester shows only restricted scatter and appears useful. However, plots involving Sr or K show a scatter that is clearly related to metamorphic processes. Consequently, plots involving these two elements are likely to be of little use in classification in this case.Low-grade metamorphism is common, variable and not always recognized. The study concerned one style of alteration and revealed problems in the application of some classification schemes. Consequently it is apparent that much more rigorous testing is needed before classification schemes can be generally applied to sequences of basaltic rocks.     

The flocculation of dissolved Fe,Mn, Al,Cu, Ni,Co and Cd during estuarine mixing

A laboratory experiment was carried out in which the flocculation products, formed from the mixing of filtered (0.4 μm) river water and seawater, were analysed. This study established that Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Ni, Cd and Co have resolvable and well-defined estuarine chemistries. Copper, Ni, Mn and Co have salinity dependences of removal which are similar to those of dissolved Fe and humic acids. The amount of removal of the above trace metals increases between 0 and 15–18‰, after which little additional removal occurs. The extents of removal from river water are very different: Fe, 95%; Al, 20%; Cu, Ni, 40%; Co, 10%; Cd, 5% and Mn, 25–45%. The basic removal mechanism appears to be the estuarine flocculation of trace metals which exist, in part, in river water as colloids in association with colloidal humic acids and hydrous iron oxides. A qualitative model, based on this mechanism, supports the observations of this flocculation study.The results of this study give the most complete and consistent set of data presently available, from which to postulate the most important processes controlling the estuarine chemistry of trace metals. The generality of their behaviours still needs to be determined by future investigations.