Ophiolitic association of Cape Fiolent area,southwestern Crimea

An ophiolitic association consisting of serpentinized ultramafic rocks and serpentinite, layered mafic–ultramafic complex, gabbro and gabbrodolerite, fragments of parallel dike complex, pillow lava, black bedded chert, and jasper has been identified for the first time by authors in the Cape Fiolent area. The chemistry of pillow lavas and dolerites, including REE patterns and a wide set of other microelements, indicates suprasubduction nature of the ophiolites and their belonging to a backarc basin that has reached the stage of spreading in its evolution.     

新疆伊吾阿勒吞昆多蛇绿混杂岩特征

前人将唐巴勒-卡拉麦里缝合线置于伊吾县以南哈尔里克山塔水河一线。1993年巴瑞士等在伊吾西北大黑山发现超镁铁岩-镁铁岩洋壳残片,认为卡拉麦里蛇绿岩从伊吾西北大黑山一带向东延伸。2009年笔者参与伊吾县阿尔通盖一带1∶5万区域地质矿产调查工作,于伊吾县以北阿勒吞昆多一带发现阿勒吞昆多蛇绿混杂岩,该蛇绿岩中斜长花岗岩形成于早石炭世((351±6)Ma),大地构造为哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块及准噶尔微板块、唐巴勒-卡拉麦里古生代沟弧体系。在研究前人资料基础上,提出阿勒吞昆多蛇绿混杂岩为卡拉麦里蛇绿岩(属唐巴勒-卡拉麦里缝合线)向东延伸部分,唐巴勒-卡拉麦里缝合线(沟弧体系)西起唐巴勒,向东经达拉布特-卡拉麦里-塔克扎勒-大黑山至伊吾县阿勒吞昆多一带,可能延伸至蒙古境内。     

Multi-stage Process of the Bulqiza Chromitites,Eastern Ophiolitic Belt,Albania

正The ultramafic massif of Bulqiza,which belongs to the eastern ophiolitic belt of Albania,is the most important area for metallurgical chromitite ores.The massif consists of a thick(4 km)rock sequence,with a generalized     

Ophiolitic Chromitites Originated from Ancient SCLM

<正>Ophiolitic chromitites are traditionally considered as the products of melt-mantle interaction in the supra-subduction zone after partial melting of mantle peridotites during upwelling of asthenosphere at oceanic spreading centers.The occurrence of natural diamonds in situ in chromitites and peridotites in southern Tibet(Yang et al.,2013;Griffin     

Petrology of Cr-rich Podiform Chromitites of Bulqiza, Eastern Ophiolitic Belt, Albania

<正>The ultramafic massif of Bulqiza,which belongs to the eastern ophiolitic belt of Albania,is a major source of metallurgical chromitite ore.The massif consists of a thick(4 km)sequence,composed from the base upward of tectonized harzburgite with minor dunite,a transitional zone of dunite,and a magmatic sequence of wehrlite,     

Geology, Geochemistry and Chromite Mineralization Potential of the Amnay Ophiolitic Complex, Mindoro, Philippines

The Amnay Ophiolitic Complex in Mindoro, the Philippines, is considered an emplaced Cenozoic South China Sea oceanic lithosphere as a result of the collision between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine mobile belt. Middle Oligocene sedimentary rocks intercalated with dominantly MORB-like pillow lavas and volcanic flows suggest the generation of this ophiolite complex in an intermediate spreading ridge within a back-arc basin setting. The volcanic rock suite geochemistry also manifests a slab component suggesting that it is a supra-subduction zone ophiolite. Petrography of the gabbros shows a plagioclase-clinopyroxene crystallization order consistent with a back-arc basin setting. Spinel and pyroxene geochemistry shows that the lherzolites and aluminous-spinel harzburgites are products of low degrees of partial melting. The chromitites hosted by the harzburgites could have not been associated with the MORB-like volcanic suites, gabbros, lherzolites and aluminous-spinel harzburgites. The chromitites are products of mantle sources that have undergone higher degrees of partial melting that would have involved the presence of water. The study of this ophiolitic complex gives us a glimpse of the characteristics of the South China Sea.     

雅鲁藏布江开合带蛇绿岩地层

对西藏地层清理发现，沿雅鲁藏布江构造带分布的蛇绿岩，为具有类同正常沉积和沉积火山岩一样的有层、有序、有沉积构造及时代新老关系的蛇绿岩地层，它是特提斯洋开裂形成期的产物，赋予地层学的涵义，命名为雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩群，从下至上建立变质橄榄岩组、堆积杂岩组、辉绿岩床（墙）组、枕状熔岩组及放射虫硅质岩、浊积岩组。它们构成完整的五套结构地层组合，生成时代为侏罗纪－白垩纪。新近区调成果表明，沿雅鲁藏布江构造带尚有中三叠世－晚三叠世时期蛇绿岩地层存在的可能性。雅鲁藏布江侏罗纪－白垩纪地层区划，其北与冈底斯－念青唐古拉地层区的界线，应划在日喀则群北界；其南应是雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩群以南为界，南界同时是板块碰撞闭合边界或构造区划边界。     

Petrology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of the Metamorphic Peridotites from Longmuco–Shuanghu Ophiolitic Melange belt, Tibet

Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotite is a firstly reported mantle sequence of ophiolite since Longmuco–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang suture zone (LSLSZ) was proposed, and it is also an important discovered for ophiolite studying in central Qiangtang. Based on detailed analyses of whole–rock geochemistry of Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites and contrast to metamorphic peridotites in typical ophiolites worldwide, the paper investigates their petrogenesis and geological implication. The petrologic results show that the protolith of Taoxinghu metamorphic perdotites have the mineral assemblage and texture characteristic of mantle peridotite. Most metamorphic peridotites hav near global abyssal peridotites major elements contents, while the few is similar to SSZ–type peridotites. They exhibit typically U–shaped REE patterns, characterized by slight enrichment of LREE and HREE relative to MREE and a low fractionated LREE to HREE segment. Trace elements contents are low and all samples are strong enrichment in Cs, U, Pb, weak enrichment in Ba and depletion in Th, but negative Nb anomalies are only observed in few samples. That suggests Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites have depletion mantle and suprasubduction affinities. A two–stage evolution history is considered: Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites originated as the residue from melting at a ridge with 7%–20% degree of fraction melting and were subsequently modified by interaction with mafic melt and aqueous fluid within mantle wedge on subducted zone. Combined with previous studies, we preliminarily propose Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites may be the Products of initial rifting of palo–Tethys, forming at middle Ordivician–upper Cambrian, and they may be the direct evidences for spreading of palo–Tethys.     

Tectonic implications of a paleomagnetic study of the Sarmiento Ophiolitic Complex, southern Chile

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on the Late Jurassic Sarmiento Ophiolitic Complex (SOC) exposed in the Magallanes fold and thrust belt in the southern Patagonian Andes (southern Chile). This complex, mainly consisting of a thick succession of pillow-lavas, sheeted dikes and gabbros, is a seafloor remnant of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Rocas Verdes basin that developed along the south-western margin of South America. Stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization permitted the isolation of a post-folding characteristic remanence, apparently carried by fine grain (SD?) magnetite, both in the pillow-lavas and dikes. The mean “in situ” direction for the SOC is Dec: 286.9°, Inc: − 58.5°, α95: 6.9°, N: 11 (sites).Rock magnetic properties, petrography and whole-rock K–Ar ages in the same rocks are interpreted as evidence of correlation between remanence acquisition and a greenschist facies metamorphic overprint that must have occurred during latest stages or after closure and tectonic inversion of the basin in the Late Cretaceous.The mean remanence direction is anomalous relative to the expected Late Cretaceous direction from stable South America. Particularly, a declination anomaly over 50° is suggestively similar to paleomagnetically interpreted counter clockwise rotations found in thrust slices of the Jurassic El Quemado Fm. located over 100 km north of the study area in Argentina. Nevertheless, a significant ccw rotation of the whole SOC is difficult to reconcile with geologic evidence and paleogeographic models that suggest a narrow back-arc basin sub-parallel to the continental margin. A rigid-body 30° westward tilting of the SOC block around a horizontal axis trending NNW, is considered a much simpler explanation, being consistent with geologic evidence. This may have occurred as a consequence of inverse reactivation of old normal faults, which limit both the SOC exposures and the Cordillera Sarmiento to the East. The age of tilting is unknown but it must postdate remanence acquisition in the Late Cretaceous. Two major orogenic events of the southern Patagonian Andes, in the Eocene (ca. 42 Ma) and Middle Miocene (ca. 12 Ma), respectively, could have caused the proposed tilting.     

The Petrology and Geochemistry of Listwaenite in the Sartohay Ophiolitic Melange of West Junggar, Xinjiang, China

The west Junggar,located in the eastern part of Balkash-Junggar tectonic province,is a major component of the core of the Central Asian metallogenic region.This area is characterized by occurrences of ophiolitic mélanges,such as the Sartohay ophiolitic mélange in the NE and the Tangbale ophiolitic mélange in the west.As a hydrothermal alteration product of serpentinite in the Sartohay ophiolitic mélange,listwaenite lenses are gold-mineralized and crop out on surface in the ophiolitic mélange via weathering of exhumated hanging wall of fault zone.Listwaenite is mainly composed of magnesite,quartz,dolomite,and trace amounts of mariposite,chromian spinel,talc and sulfide.A vertical thermal gradient model for the hydrothermal alteration shows that serpentinite would first be transformed to talc schist,then into listwaenite as the ophiolite slices continued to rise along shear zone,with XCO2,oxygen and sulfur fugacity increase and temperature decrease.Both serpentine and magnetite were progressively destroyed during the transformation from serpentinite to talc schist,andcompletely vanished in listwaenite,while mariposite generated in weakly deformed to mylonitized listwaenite.Concentrations of most trace elements including high field strength elements and metallogenic elements,increasing from undeformed,through weakly deformed,to mylonitized listwaenite,show a positive correlation with deformation degree and content of apatite,rutile,monazite,zircon and sulfide in listwaenite.The shear zone served as pathways for percolation and accumulation of fluid and trace elements during the metasomatism from serpentinite to listwaenite.Compared to undeformed listwaenite,mylonitized listwaenite will be more favorable to be fractured and brecciated due to more intense shearing,which caused strong metasomatic reaction and then induced trace element-bearing mylonitized listwaenite.     

蛇绿岩记录的大洋地幔内熔体迁移过程

大洋岩石圈形成演化的关键过程是熔体如何从软流圈地幔中抽取、迁移汇集并最终形成洋壳.蛇绿岩可能为揭示上述过程提供关键对象.前人研究发现,熔体在地幔中主要通过网脉状纯橄岩通道发生迁移汇聚,这种地幔通道与壳幔过渡带和洋壳内的岩浆体系共同构成大洋扩张中心的巨型熔体抽取系统.地幔深部来源的熔体在通过纯橄岩通道时,会发生复杂的熔岩相互作用,使得熔体和地幔的组成均发生变化,形成大洋岩石圈壳-幔组成解耦现象.在不同的大洋扩张中心,地幔内熔体迁移方式和过程是多样的,导致大洋岩石圈的结构和组成复杂多变.我国西藏雅江带蛇绿岩形成于多种构造体制(洋中脊、俯冲带等),其地幔内发育较为新鲜的纯橄岩通道样品,如纯橄岩、铬铁矿岩、辉石岩等.这些样品能够为深入研究地幔纯橄岩通道的成因、熔体在通道内的反应迁移过程,以及不同构造体制下大洋岩石圈壳-幔组成解耦与否的原因,提供新的窗口,同时有助于进一步认知大洋扩张中心巨型岩浆-动力系统、壳幔圈层分异和地球物质循环过程.     

阿尔金北缘沟口泉古元古代蛇绿混杂岩(绿岩)地质特征及意义

近年经过区域地质调查,在阿尔金北缘沟口泉地区新识别出一套古元古代蛇绿混杂岩,其由洋壳岩块、上覆岩系及外来岩块等组成,洋壳岩块包括变质橄榄岩-堆晶超镁铁质岩、辉长质杂岩、斜长岩、斜长花岗岩、辉绿岩和镁铁质火山熔岩等,为一层序较完整的蛇绿岩套。根据对其各组成单元分布、岩石组合、岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学等方面的研究以及在变质辉橄岩、斜长岩、辉长岩和玄武岩等岩石中获得锆石U-Pb SHRIMP定年加权平均值年龄(1 889±27)Ma、(1 869±27)Ma、(1 836±40)Ma、(1 818±25)Ma及数个2 200~2 600Ma单点年龄数据,证实了阿尔金北缘地区新太古宙末-古元古代存在一洋盆,并于古元古代末俯冲碰撞闭合形成了沟口泉蛇绿混杂岩,初步判定其为地幔柱型(P型)蛇绿岩。该发现为塔里木南缘阿北-敦煌地块与阿尔金造山带新太古宙末—古元古代构造演化提供了充分依据,对早前寒武纪地壳演化研究具有重要的地质意义。     

西准噶尔玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中硅质岩的岩石化学特征及其成因

新疆玛依勒早古生代硅质岩一般产于蛇绿混杂岩带中,为探讨其成因类型和沉积环境,对其进行了岩相学和地球化学研究。硅质岩主要为紫红色,主要由微晶自生石英和隐晶质组成。地球化学分析结果显示样品均受到了酸性火山凝灰质的影响,一般具有高SiO2、Al2O3,低Fe2O3,中等高TiO2等特征,可能是火山和生物化学共同作用的产物。综合其地质产状、岩相学特征以及上述地球化学特征,认为该区硅质岩产于俯冲带之上的构造环境而非大洋环境。     

Deep Minerals in Ophiolitic Mantle Peridotites:Discovery and Progress

In the classic theory of plate tectonics, ophiolitic mantle peridotites (i.e., abyssal peridotite) are thought to originate in the shallow mantle beneath ocean spreading centers.Diamonds and other UHP minerals have been found in opholitic mantle peridotites and chromitites along the Neo-Tethyan Yarlung Zangbo suture of southern Tibet, and in a Paleozoic ophiolite in the Polar Urals of Russia,suggesting that UHP minerals may be widespread in ophiolitic peridotites.Diamonds from these different localities all have very similar features in C isotope and mineral inclusions,and are distinct from the other two well known types, i.e. kimberlitic diamonds and UHP metamorphicdiamonds. The occurrence of diamond in ophiolite indicate a completely new environment for diamond formation, which can be regarded as ophiolite-type diamond. These new findings indicate a need to reconsider the nature of the upper mantle and the conditions under which ophiolites form.     

黎府构造带北部南莫溪蛇绿混杂岩的发现及其地质意义

东南亚特提斯构造格架复杂,特别是印支板块西缘琅勃拉邦-黎府构造带构造演化及区域构造线连接更是争议不断. 通过老挝西北部填图工作,首次在黎府构造带北部南莫溪地区发现保存完整的蛇绿混杂岩,为探讨黎府构造带的属性以及区域古地理格局,选取了蛇绿混杂岩中的含放射虫硅质岩、辉长岩以及洋岛海山中的礁灰岩,开展了岩相学、古生物学、锆石LA?ICP?MS U?Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究. 结果表明,该蛇绿混杂岩出露端元包括蛇纹岩、蛇纹石化橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩和硅质岩,蛇绿岩套层序特征完整;辉长岩LA?ICP?MS锆石U?Pb年龄为350.4±3.3 Ma,成岩为早石炭世;洋岛海山中珊瑚种属为Thamnopora sp.和Paracravenia sp.,所属时代为中二叠世;硅质岩岩石地球化学元素特征指示其为生物成因,沉积环境为洋盆或开阔的盆地环境,放射虫共鉴定出9属30种,所属时代为中泥盆世-早石炭世. 综合本次研究,反映出南莫溪蛇绿混杂岩所代表的洋盆具有长期的演化历史,从晚泥盆世开始,一直持续到中二叠世还未结束,演化时间至少超过135 Ma,指示了该蛇绿混杂岩代表残留的古特提斯洋盆,而非弧后盆地. 认为黎府构造带向北应与琅勃拉邦构造带相连,且该区域从晚泥盆世开始一直存在古特提斯洋.      

西昆仑于田南部阿羌蛇绿构造混杂岩地质特征及意义

近年的区调工作在西昆仑于田南部阿羌一带新填绘出一套具有蛇绿岩特征的变质橄榄岩、蛇纹岩、变辉长岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩等岩石组合.其中,变质橄榄岩、蛇纹岩具有低SiO2、高MgO、低稀土特征;辉长岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩绝大多数样品岩石化学具有低K2O＜1％,TiO2含量为1.5％等特征;稀土元素及微量元素特征与N-MORB及E-M...     

Ophiolitic trondhjemites: a possible analogue for Hadean felsic 'crust'

It has been argued that >4.0 Ga detrital zircons preserved in sediments of the Jack Hills, western Australia, preserve evidence for a well‐developed continental crust on the Earth at 4.4–4.5 Ga ago. Here, it is shown that there are geochemical similarities between the Jack Hills zircons and the zircons found in trondhjemites in ophiolite sequences, suggesting that the Earth's first felsic crust may have formed in a manner analogous to modern ophiolitic trondhjemites. The trondhjemites of the Oman ophiolite were formed by the hydrous partial melting of the upper (hornblende) gabbros in the roof‐zone of an axial magma chamber. A similar hydrous melting of a mafic protolith may have operated during the Hadean, to create small volumes of felsic rocks within a dominantly mafic crust, obviating the need to postulate a felsic continental crust at 4.4–4.5 Ga.     

Neoproterozoic Taymyr Ophiolitic Belts and Opening of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean

The Taymyr Neoproterozoic ophiolites are located within the Precambrian accretionary belt, which occurs between the Siberian continent and the Kara continental block. Petrological-geochemical studies suggest that the formation of ophiolites reflects an ensimatic marginal-sea geodynamic environment. Zircon U-Pb dating and Sm-Nd isotopic study suggest a Neoproterozoic age for the plagiogranite from the Chelyuskin ophiolite belt. We regard the zircon U-Pb age (740 Ma) as the upper age boundary for the formation of the ophiolites and the Sm-Nd model age (850 to 785 Ma) as its lower boundary. Data on Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, Ar-Ar, and K-Ar isotopic systems in garnet amphibolites from the Stanovoy ophiolite belt allowed us to establish the age interval of their metamorphism, ～600 Ma, as the time of obduction of ophiolites and the entire accretionary belt onto the Siberian craton margin. Age data on island-arc volcanics and plagiogranites as well as diabase dikes and sills, traced from the Canadian Cordillera through the Yukon and Franklin belts of North America and further through the Alaska-Chukchi block to Taymyr, may be indicative of the opening of the northern Paleo-Pacific at ～800 Ma.