小口径可膨胀波纹管水力膨胀过程的 数值模拟与试验研究

为了确保可膨胀波纹管在φ120 mm地质钻井中实现封隔漏失地层的功能,在合理设计8字形波纹管截面形状的基础上,采用有限元理论模拟了不同壁厚和材料的波纹管水力膨胀成形过程,并进行了室内水力膨胀试验。结果表明：波纹管壁厚越薄,膨胀效果越好,但壁厚必须满足抗外挤强度和抗内压强度条件;适用于φ120 mm井眼的8字形波纹管,其材质应符合如下条件。屈强比≤0.6;延伸率≥25%;抗拉强度σb≥410 MPa;试制的波纹管膨胀后最小外径能够满足后续机械膨胀要求,最大膨胀压力为13.6 MPa,符合钻探现场使用条件。研究结果为波纹管野外试验提供了技术支撑。     

地质勘探用膨胀波纹管截面设计与选择

膨胀波纹管技术是将圆管制成异形截面管,下入孔内后胀圆维护孔壁稳定的一种新兴钻探技术。针对地质勘探的行业需求,提出了一套膨胀波纹管截面形状的设计理论,系统地阐述了膨胀波纹管截面设计的相关步骤和细节,设计出了6种花形不同尺寸的膨胀波纹管截面设计图。在此基础上,利用ANSYS14.0数值模拟软件对不同的设计截面进行了对比分析,得出了膨胀波纹管选择的3条原则：六瓣梅花形是最佳截面形式;设计截面的波峰和波谷的半径、弧度应尽量接近;在满足护壁压力要求的情况,壁厚应尽量的小。     

深孔膨胀套管护壁技术研究

深孔膨胀套管护壁技术研究的主要创新性的成果包括：建立了膨胀套管成形力学模型和计算公式,对膨胀套管有限元仿真模拟及分析,研制了膨胀试验台架、膨胀器、膨胀套管悬挂系统、扩孔钻头,经过室内试验取得了大量数据。结合地质钻探特点,研究出经济有效的膨胀套管联接方式。将所研制的膨胀套管系统进行野外下孔试验,取得了大量试验数据。     

小口径勘探用可膨胀波纹管ANSYS模拟与实验分析

可膨胀波纹管技术是通过对圆形管材进行特殊工艺处理,使管径发生变形以便其顺利通过井孔到达问题地层,然后通过液压膨胀复原,达到修井固井的目的。经过多年的技术发展,此技术已在石油工程中得到很多实践应用,但是在口径相对较小的地质勘探孔中,由于受口径以及工艺技术等限制,尚未有相关应用。主要针对材料编号为KP02的φ75 mm小口径梅花状可膨胀波纹管进行研究,通过利用ANSYS有限元软件进行模拟以及实验室实验,得到其膨胀变形参数并对其膨胀过程进行对比分析。     

小口径膨胀波纹管护壁技术在四川煤炭普查ZK3-1孔的应用

膨胀波纹管技术在国内外石油钻井领域的应用已经颇有成效,但是针对地质钻探领域的小口径膨胀管的研究却成效甚微。为此专门研发了针对地质钻探行业的小口径膨胀管护壁技术。该技术成功应用于四川煤炭普查ZK3-1钻孔封堵漏失地层,护壁后正常钻进至终孔。此次小口径膨胀波纹管的成功应用,为地质钻探行业的事故处理提供了新方向,填补了我国在小口径膨胀管技术领域的空白。     

膨胀式尾管悬挂器的研究

为了解决常规尾管悬挂器过流面积小、密封性能差的缺点,研究了膨胀式尾管悬挂器。主要对膨胀式尾管悬挂器的工作原理,结构原理,关键技术包括替浆技术、固井技术、膨胀悬挂技术、丢手技术进行了研究;解决了膨胀管悬挂的一系列技术难题;对膨胀管受力进行了有限元分析,并将结果与室内试验进行了对比,两者结果基本一致。通过野外试验进一步证明了膨胀式尾管悬挂器能够提供足够的悬挂力,满足悬挂要求。     

膨胀土膨胀力原位测试方法

由于室内测定的膨胀力结果往往不能真实地反映现场情况,因此,测定膨胀土的原位膨胀力有着极其重要的现实意义.采用加压膨胀法,即利用现场有荷膨胀率试验结果,由内插得到膨胀力值的测试方法,并通过现场试验与室内试验结果的对比,对该方法进行了验证.对比结果表明,该方法能真实地反映膨胀土的膨胀趋势,所测结果能真实地反映现场膨胀力值.且易于操作,有较好地推广应用前景.     

红山窑膨胀红砂岩湿化特性试验研究

针对红山窑膨胀红砂岩具有微膨胀、易软化、易风化的特点,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、MTS815.03岩石力学刚性电液伺服试验机等先进的设备为测试手段,对3种不同风化程度的膨胀红砂岩湿化过程进行观察和机理分析,从试验和机理两方面探讨膨胀红砂岩的湿化性,从而进一步阐明红砂岩膨胀性、裂隙化具有本质的区别。试验结果表明：(1) 中风化红砂岩干燥时抗压强度为5.85 MPa,饱和试样为0.20 MPa,岩石本身强度随吸水率增加而明显下降,具有强烈的软化作用;(2) 膨胀红砂岩的湿化性随胶结系数的减小而愈加强烈,与红砂岩风化程度(埋深)无关。这些研究成果对红山窑水利枢纽工程红砂岩地基开挖易裂以及边坡表层溜坍预治具有较大的指导意义。     

李家窑膨胀岩膨胀性能的试验研究

对山西万家寨引黄工程南干线某地的膨胀岩进行了室内物理化学性质测试、常规的膨胀率与膨胀力及非常规的三向膨胀与大比例尺膨胀试验,分析结果后得出了相应的结论     

不同约束方式下膨胀套管的旋转膨胀有限元分析

基于LS-DYNA动态有限元分析,建立了旋转拟合方式的膨胀套管模型,并模拟了整个膨胀过程。通过对套管不同约束方式的模拟结果分析发现,旋转拟合膨胀所需膨胀力为实心锥反拉膨胀的1/5左右,在不同约束方式下膨胀套管轴向长度的变化规律也不同：上约束方式下,套管长度先略有减少后稳定增加;下约束方式下,轴向长度一直减少。该规律通过对Φ95 mm套管的实际旋转膨胀试验得到验证,证明了模拟情况的可信性。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861