空气潜孔锤与风冷牙轮组合钻进在穿采空区大直径抽水孔中的应用

在穿多层采空区大直径抽水孔施工中,通过引入空气潜孔锤与风冷牙轮组合钻进工艺,解决了常规泥浆回转钻进钻遇多层采空区因孔内漏失无法成孔、空气潜孔锤钻进成孔孔径受限的问题。采用该工艺完成的2个φ550 mm抽水井工程均穿越4层采空区,φ350 mm潜孔锤冲击钻进平均钻速3.31 m/h,φ550 mm风冷牙轮扩孔钻进平均钻速2.27 m/h,在复杂地层中保持了较高的钻进效率,取得了明显的应用效果。介绍了该工艺在大同矿区φ550 mm大直径抽水井工程中的应用实例,经过实践验证了工艺的可行性,可为类似钻孔的施工提供参考。     

大直径反循环潜孔锤的密封方法与试验研究

可靠的密封结构是大直径反循环潜孔锤能够实现反循环钻进工艺的关键,同时也是大直径反循环潜孔锤设计的难点。现有的大直径反循环潜孔锤都是基于孔底钻具本体进行密封结构设计的。提出了一种孔底与孔口联合密封的方法,以该密封方法为设计原则研制了扩孔用φ710/311 mm集束式反循环潜孔锤与孔口密封装置,并配套φ127/70 mm双壁钻具进行了现场试验,取得了较好的连续反循环排渣效果,平均机械钻速为2.1 m/h,与常规牙轮钻头扩孔方法相比提高了2.6倍。试验结果表明孔底与孔口联合密封方法是可行的,值得进一步推广应用。     

空气潜孔锤在松散地层中的钻进试验

空气潜孔锤钻探工艺在基岩地区已是首选的一种技术。传统观念认为空气潜孔锤钻进工艺适用于坚硬岩石（硬、脆、碎地层）,在松散地层中则需要常规泥浆回转钻进或冲击钻进。通过典型松散地层的试验证明：空气潜孔锤在松散覆盖地层中可以实现正常的钻进,并且具有效率高、成本低、劳动强度小等优点,在粘土和潮湿粘土地层中钻进效率最高可达87和72 m/h。为解决页岩气、地热、煤层气、地下水等能源资源勘探时上覆地层的开孔或一开钻进提供了行之有效的方法,同时,也解决了缺水地区或严重漏失地层钻井液用水困难和传统开孔或一开泥浆回转钻探工艺复杂等问题。     

贵州碳酸岩地层地热深井空气潜孔锤钻进技术应用研究

研究了空气潜孔锤钻井工艺在贵州省碳酸盐岩地层地热深井中的应用,涉及溶隙、裂隙发育,涌水、漏风、掉块、排渣困难等情况频发的碳酸盐岩地层的10～1100 m井段和φ216～406 mm井径的条件,探讨了在这样环境下空气潜孔锤钻进机具设备配置、钻具组合和钻进参数;分析了空气潜孔锤钻进工艺钻进过程中的常见问题并提出了相应的技术措施;总结了深井碳酸盐岩地层复杂井况的空气潜孔锤钻进效率与经济效益。研究结果表明,通过合理的设备机具配置和技术措施,可有效提高贵州省碳酸岩层空气潜孔锤钻进效率,进而大幅度提高贵州地热深井的钻进效率和经济效益。     

潜孔锤反循环钻进内管堵塞的解决方法

潜孔锤反循环钻进内管堵塞的解决方法阎冠欣（河南煤田地质局四队平顶山４６７０００）关键词潜孔锤钻进;反循环钻进;冲击回转钻进;空气钻进;钻杆堵塞ｃｈＴｇｎｒｔ６ａｔＭａｔ４ＭａｔＨＰＲ２４Ｒ潜孔锤钻进在于旱缺水地区及岩石坚硬、漏水严重等地层条件下使用的...     

空气潜孔锤正循环大孔径裸钻成孔排渣关键技术研究

本文针对工程实践中空气潜孔锤正循环裸钻大孔径成孔中存在返渣困难问题,从空气潜孔锤钻进技术设备及组合、施工工艺、参数设置中的关键因素着手,分析影响空气潜孔锤钻进技术返渣影响因素.通过加装钻杆增径器改良设备,以及装备重组等技术整合,找到了有效解决返渣问题最佳处置措施及施工工艺,为空气潜孔锤正循环裸钻大孔径成孔技术的广泛应用...     

SH25H型液压风动冲击钻机在大口径硬岩钻孔灌注桩施工中的试验研究

根据京沪高速铁路徐州东站大口径嵌岩灌注桩工程,试制SH25H型液压风动冲击钻机？采用气动潜孔锤空气正循环组合钻进工艺,结合捞砂桶排渣,摸索总结出一套针对硬岩地层的干式成孔新方法,钻进效率及钻孔质量显著提高,为大直径成孔施工增添了一种新的方法。     

大孔径空气潜孔锤钻进技术在缺水地区的应用

2011援鲁抗旱找水打井施工中使用了空气潜孔锤钻进技术,我单位历时41天,成井16口,打井深度均为100 ～ 200米深井,总进尺2981.5m.总出水量为4704m3/d,单孔最深孔深201.7米,终孔孔径在Φ180mm～Φ254mm,可满足居民15647人、牲畜7940头用水,同时可灌溉面积为4200亩.本文通过从空气潜孔锤钻进方面介绍了空气潜孔锤钻进技术及在干旱缺水地区钻探施工的一些实践经验.     

空气潜孔锤正循环大孔径裸钻成孔排渣关键技术研究

本文针对工程实践中空气潜孔锤正循环裸钻大孔径成孔中存在返渣困难问题,从空气潜孔锤钻进技术设备及组合、施工工艺、参数设置中的关键因素着手,分析影响空气潜孔锤钻进技术返渣影响因素。通过加装钻杆增径器改良设备,以及装备重组等技术整合,找到了有效解决返渣问题最佳处置措施及施工工艺,为空气潜孔锤正循环裸钻大孔径成孔技术的广泛应用提供技术服务。     

气动潜孔锤技术在矿山事故钻孔救援中的应用

气动潜孔锤作为一种高效冲击破岩工具,在国内外矿山事故钻孔救援中发挥了重要作用。笔者从破岩机理、结构型式、钻井方法与规程等方面阐述了气动潜孔锤的技术特点,着重分析了气动潜孔锤反循环类型及其特征。结合山西王家岭煤矿透水事故、山东平邑石膏矿坍塌事故、山东笏山金矿坍塌事故等成功救援案例,阐述了气动潜孔锤正循环钻进、气动潜孔锤与泥浆螺杆组合纠偏钻进在小直径钻孔中应用情况,以及气动潜孔锤随钻测量技术的研究进展。对于较浅小直径钻孔,气动潜孔锤采用保直钻进工艺可直接命中井下巷道;对于较深小直径钻孔,采用气动潜孔锤与泥浆螺杆纠偏组合钻进,方可命中井下巷道。结合国内外地面大直径救援钻孔成功案例,以及矿山大直径工程钻孔典型案例,介绍了气动潜孔锤正循环、下排渣、反循环等推广应用情况,气动潜孔锤下排渣最大钻深达688 m,气动潜孔锤反循环最大钻深达654.1 m。针对我国矿山开采逐渐向深部发展,矿山分布散、区域广,地质类型多、差异大的特点,面向复杂地层深孔救援,分析了小直径钻孔气动潜孔锤技术存在的不足之处,重点分析了大直径救援孔气动潜孔锤正循环、下排渣、反循环等技术面临的主要问题,明确其复杂地层钻进时技术缺陷实质,建议进一步开展气动冲击定向钻进技术、大直径钻孔气液双循环钻进技术的研究。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861