一个含有丰富快速精细结构的射电大爆发

本文对１９９０年７月３０日云南天文台四波段（１．４２ＧＨｚ、２．００ＧＨｚ、２．８４ＧＨｚ和４．００ＧＨｚ）太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统［１，２］所观测到的太阳射电大爆发进行了分析，对在１．４２ＧＨｚ、２．００ＧＨｚ、２．８４ＧＨｚ三个波段上观测到的大量尖峰辐射（ｍｓ—ｓｐｉｋｅｓ）作了关于寿命和强度的统计，最后，针对本次爆发中的ｍｓ—ｓｐｉｋｅｓ的特点做了一些讨论。     

1988年12月16日微波大爆发的研究

１９８８年１２月１６日世纪时０８ｈ３１ｍｉｎ至０９ｈ４１ｍｉｎ，云南天文台ＰｈｏｅｎｉｘＩ日冕射电频谱仪（１．４２ＧＨｚ，２．８４ＧＨｚ，４．００ＧＨｚ）收到一个罕见的微波Ⅳ型大爆发，爆发从米波Ⅳ型一直延伸到微波Ⅳ型，持续时间长，爆发强度大，爆发型别复杂。前后出现了五个主峰段，呈出现１．２ｍｉｎ和１．２５ｍｉｎ的短周期的长周期振荡。在其中的两个频段上叠加有丰富的Ｓｉｋｅ辐射，概括爆发源区的扭斜磁场     

一个含有丰富快速精细结构的射电大爆发

本文对１９９０年７月３０日云南天文台四波段太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统＾「１，２」所观测到的太阳射电大爆发进行了分析，对在１．４２ＧＨｚ，２．００ＧＨｚ，２．８４ＧＨｚ三个波段上观测到的大量尖峰辐射作了关于寿命和强度的统计，最后，针对本次爆发中的ｍｓ－ｓｐｉｋｅｓ的特点做了一些讨论。     

1988年12月16日微波大爆发的研究

１９８８年１２月１６日世界时０８ｈ３１ｍｉｎ至０９ｈ４１ｍｉｎ，云南天文台ＰｈｏｅｎｉｘＩ日冕射电频谱仪（１．４２ＧＨｚ，２．８４ＧＨｚ，４．００ＧＨｚ）收到一个罕见的微波Ⅳ型大爆发，爆发从米波Ⅳ型一直延伸到微波Ⅳ型，持续时间长，爆发强度大，爆发型别复杂。前后出现了五个主峰段，呈现出１．２ｍｉｎ和１．２５ｍｉｎ的短周期和长周期振荡。在其中的两个频段上叠加有丰富的Ｓｐｉｋｅ辐射，根据爆发源区的扭斜磁场位形，我们采用磁俘获模型，计算了源区的有效温度，源区磁场随高度的变化，并算出了峰值频率在８．８９ＧＨｚ，其结果表明爆发是高能电子被磁场俘获，做回旋同步辐射所致     

微波Ⅲ型爆发的一些初步研究

云南天文台“四波段（１．４２ＧＨｚ,２．１３ＧＨｚ,２．８４ＧＨｚ和４．２６ＧＨｚ）太阳射电高时间同步观测系统”在１９９０．１￣１９９４．１期间,观测到５个具有短时标漂移结构的射电爆发事件,也就是微波Ⅲ型爆发。本文从中选取较典型的１９９１年３月１３日事件,对Ⅲ型爆发的时间轮廓（持续时间,衰减时间）作了分析,并与米波,分米波和微波段其它观测结果作了一些比较,以求对长厘米￣短分米波段（微波低端）Ⅲ型爆     

微波Ⅲ型爆发的一些初步研究

云南天文台“四波段（１．４２ＧＨｚ,２．１３ＧＨｚ,２．８４ＧＨｚ和４．２６ＧＨｚ）太阳射电高时间同步观测系统”在１９９０．１～１９９４．１期间,观测到５个具有短时标漂移结构的射电爆发事件,也就是微波Ⅲ型爆发。本文从中选取较典型的１９９１年３月１３日事件,对Ⅲ型爆发的时间轮廓（持续时间,衰减时间）作了分析,并与米波,分米波和微波段其它观测结果作了一些比较,以求对长厘米～短分米波段（微波低端）Ⅲ型爆发的时间轮廓的特征有一个初步的了解,最后对爆发的物理参数作了估计。     

一次特大微波IV型爆发事件的分析研究

云南天文台快速采样射电望远镜（１．４２ＧＨｚ，２．８４ＧＨｚ，４．００ＧＨｚ）于１９８８年１２月１６日观测到一次特大微波ＩＶ型爆发。爆发从世界时０８＾ｈ３１＾ｍ结束。在７０分钟的持续期内，爆发出现了五个主峰段，呈现出１２．５分钟的长周期振荡和１．２分钟的短周期振荡。其中两个频率上出现了丰富的快速精细结构。根据爆发源区的扭斜磁场位形，本文提出振荡是ＭＨＤ调制磁流管的磁场强度产生的，爆发是高能电子在磁     

微波超快速吸收现象

对１９９８年６月２９日云南天文台高时间分辨率射电望远镜观测到的微波超快速吸收现象进行了分析研究。在世界时０７ｈ３８ｍ５０ｓ至０７ｈ３８ｍ５８ｓ超快速吸收现象出现在太阳活动区ＮＯＡＡ／ＵＳＡＦ５０６０上空的４．００ＧＨｚ上,而在２．８４ＧＨｚ和１．４２ＧＨｚ上空出现的是ｓｐｉｋｅ辐射。当时,该活动区呈现出极其活跃的双极磁场位形。在世界时０７ｈ３８ｍ至０８ｈ４７ｍ先后产生了３Ｂ级和２Ｂ级的Ｈａｉｑｎｙ     

太阳二十二周峰年云南天文台四波段射电同步观测结果

本文主要介绍云南天文台“四波段太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统”（１．４２，２．１３，２．８４和４．２６ＧＨｚ）１９８９年１２月至１９９３年４月观测事件的统计结果，对１０２个射电爆发进行了初步分析，着重揭示几个类别典型事件的时间轮廓，说明射电高时间分辨率观测的意义。     

1998年4月15日微波爆发观测

北京天文台１ ．０２ ．０ＧＨｚ 太阳射电频谱仪从１９９４ 年开始观测至１９９８ 年９ 月记录到太阳射电爆发１７１ 个,２ ．６３ ．８ＧＨｚ 太阳射电频谱仪１９９６ 年９ 月投入观测至１９９８ 年９ 月,记录到１４６ 个太阳射电爆发。１９９８ 年４ 月１５ 日太阳射电爆发同时在这两台频谱仪上记录到。这个事件在时间和频率上显示了丰富的幅度和结构的变化。发现了微波Ⅲ型爆发对群,并存在着丰富的快速活动现象。取得了高时间分辨率、高质量的动态谱资料,为研究耀斑各种尺度的时间及空间演化过程提供了丰富的信息。     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Estimation of the Time Scale of Merging of the Components of Contact Binaries of the W UMa Type

Time scales of the transition from contact binary systems of the W UMa type to single stars of the blue straggler type are estimated. A model of one-way mass transfer from the primary component to the companion inside a common envelope (Eggen et al.) and a model of a contact binary lying on the zero-age main sequence with a companion that is losing mass (F. van't Veer) are used to calculate these scales. The merging times of components were calculated for 304 contact systems of the W UMa type from the Catalog of Approximate Photometric and Absolute Elements of Eclipsing Variable Stars on a scale of loss of mass and orbital angular momentum due to magnetic braking, under the assumption of synchronization of the axial rotation and orbital revolution. On the basis of the resulting statistics, the characteristic merging scales are 0.4-0.6 and 0.5-0.7 Gyr, respectively, for the above two models. The results of a comparison with the work of other authors are discussed.     

Flattening of galaxies of different morphological types in subclusters of Coma

This paper deals with the observed variation in the flattening of galaxies with the density of galaxies in the subclusters of Coma surrounding NGC 4889, NGC 4874, and NGC 4839 based on data from the Abastumani Combined Catalog of Galaxies. The mean values of the observed ratios of the diameters of the galaxies, as well as histograms of their distributions, indicate that in the central, dense regions of the subclusters within a volume of 0.5h ₇₅ ⁻¹ Mpc³, E and S0 type galaxies are close to spheroidal. A significant reduction in the mean values of the diameters of the galaxies in the subclusters is noted, regardless of their morphology relative to the galaxies in the halo of the Coma cluster. In the subclusters, spiral galaxies are found with a hydrogen deficit that is more than 5 times the hydrogen deficit in spirals within the halo of the cluster. According to their 3-D coordinates, most of the galaxies with a hydrogen deficit are located closer to the south-east edge of the subcluster surrounding NGC 4874 near an extended gas filament in the x-ray region. This may indicate that the subcluster is moving toward a central condensation of faint galaxies in the Coma cluster and a possible merger with it. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 355–368 (August 2007).     

The discovery of Segue 2: a prototype of the population of satellites of satellites

We announce the discovery of a new Milky Way satellite Segue 2 found in the data of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE). We followed this up with deeper imaging and spectroscopy on the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT). From this, we derive a luminosity of   M _v =−2.5  , a half-light radius of 34 pc and a systemic velocity of  ∼−40 km s⁻¹  . Our data also provide evidence for a stream around Segue 2 at a similar heliocentric velocity, and the SEGUE data show that it is also present in neighbouring fields. We resolve the velocity dispersion of Segue 2 as 3.4 km s⁻¹ and the possible stream as  ∼7 km s⁻¹  . This object shows points of comparison with other recent discoveries, Segue 1, Boo II and Coma. We speculate that all four objects may be representatives of a population of satellites of satellites – survivors of accretion events that destroyed their larger but less dense parents. They are likely to have formed at redshifts   z > 10  and are good candidates for fossils of the reionization epoch.     

淮河洪水的可公度性分析

分析了上两个世纪发生在淮河的洪水事件的可公度性，根据其可公度值及其黄金分割点指出1991年与2003年淮河洪水的不可避免，最后讨论了可公度性的局限及淮河洪水可公度值的可能机制。     

Investigation of Times of Minima of Selected Early-Type Eclipsing Binaries

New precise times of minimum light for several early-type eclipsing binaries were obtained at three observatories. The changes of period of the following measured binaries are discussed: V1182 Aql, LY Aur, SZ Cam, FZ CMa, QZ Car, LZ Cen, V606 Cen, AH Cep and TU~Mus.     

Modeling of lightcurves of binary asteroids

We present a numerical method for inverting long-period components of lightcurves of asynchronous binary asteroids. Data of five near-Earth binary asteroids, (175706) 1996 FG₃, (65803) Didymos, (66391) 1999 KW₄, (185851) 2000 DP₁₀₇ and (66063) 1998 RO₁, for two of them from more than one apparition, were inverted. Their mutual orbits' poles and Keplerian elements, size ratios, and ellipsoidal shape axial ratios were estimated via this inversion. The pole solutions and size ratios for 1999 KW₄ and 2000 DP₁₀₇ are in a good agreement with independent estimates from radar measurements. We show that uncertainties of estimates of bulk densities of binary systems can be large, especially when observed on short arcs.     

Application of KS-transformation in the problem of investigation of the motion of unusual minor planets and comets

A review is presented of the author's results on application of regularizing and stabilizing KS- transformation in the problem of investigation of the motion of unusual minor planets and comets. Two models of the motion of a minor body are considered, viz. the perturbed two body problem and the perturbed restricted three body problem. The variational equations in KS-variables and transformations for obtaining the matrix of partial derivatives of the instantaneous physical parameters of motion with respect to their initial values are presented. The peculiarities of the implementation of the algorithms developed as programs on a computer are described. The original results of the investigation of the efficiency of the developed algorithms and programs are discussed using as an example the motion of unusual minor planets Icarus and Geographos as well as comets Halley, Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova and Gehrels 3.     

Effect of charging of aerosols in the lower atmosphere of Mars during the dust storm of 2001

Aerosols are very important in the Martian climate system. Aerosols get charged by the attachment of ions in the atmosphere. Charging of aerosols reduces the conductivity of the atmosphere as the very mobile ions are lost during the ion-aerosol attachment. During a dust storm the dust opacity increases and more ion-aerosol attachment process occurs and consequently conductivity reduces further. It was found that with the background aerosols (dust opacity ∼0.2), the conductivity close to the surface of Mars was reduced by a factor of 5, but during the dust storm (opacity ∼5) of 2001 the conductivity decreased by about 2 orders of magnitude.