Impact of Mining Activities upon Environment in Panzhihua Region, Southwestern China

Mining activities have left huge uncovered slopes, large areas of gangue ground and extensive railings dams. In this paper, we studied some impacts of mining activities upon environment in Panzhihua region, southwestern China. The environmental impacts include ecological destruction, geological disasters, environmental pollution, land damage, solid waste and occupational health effect in study area. The author suggested that local government should take some measure to reduce environmental impact in Panzhihua City. First, the countermeasure of reducing environmental impact is to set up ecological rehabilitation and environmental management system, which ensure the sustainable development of resources, environment, economy and society in this region. Second, the area needs to be monitored regularly for trace metal and other pollutants to forewarn urban eco-environmental safety.     

攀枝花矿区表层土壤中钒的环境地球化学研究

在系统采集攀枝花采矿区周边地带的表层土壤样品及土壤剖面样品的基础上,通过地球化学调查和实验,研究了表层土壤中钒的分布规律、地球化学活动性及潜在的生态风险。结果表明：(1)攀枝花矿区大部分地带的表层土壤受到了钒的污染,表层土壤钒的平均含量是中国土壤背景值的279倍;(2)土壤剖面中钒的含量随深度增加而降低,表明土壤中钒的来源受母质影响较小;(3)采用富集因子得到的表层土壤钒的人为污染以轻微污染和中度污染为主;(4)采矿过程中产生的粉尘通过干沉降是引起表层土壤钒污染的主要原因;(5)表层土壤中钒以残渣态为主,其次为可氧化态和可还原态,而酸溶态所占的比例最小,但生物可利用的钒含量较高,存在轻微的生态风险。因此,应加强矿区钒污染的监测,制定有效控制对策,降低钒污染的生态风险。     

Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Soil and Stream Sediment in Panzhihua Mining and Smelting Area,Southwestern China

Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the increasing pollution of heavy metals in soil, Water body and stream sediment. An environmental geochemical investiga-tion was carried out in and around the Panzhihua mining and smelting area to determine the ex-tent of chemical contamination in soil and sediment. The main objective of this study was to in-vestigate the environmental geochemistry of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in soil andsediment and to assess the degree of pollution in the study area. The data of heavy metal con-centrations reveal that soils and sediments in the area have been slightly contaminated. Geo-chemical maps of Igeo of each heavy metal show that the contaminated sites are located in V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues dam. The pollution sources of the selected elementscome mainly from dusts resultant from mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The areaneeds to be monitored regularly for trace metal, especially heavy metal enrichment.     

X射线荧光方法在矿区环境地球化学研究中的应用

采用白行研制的高灵敏度能量色散X射线荧光分析仪分析了攀枝花矿区水系沉积物中微量元素的浓度，并根据分析结果研究了矿区元素分布的地球化学特征，本项研究的主要目的是探讨X射线荧光分析技术在矿区环境地球化学研究中的可行性，探索矿区环境地球化学研究的方法技术．结果表明，XRF方法可以有效分析沉积物中元素的含量，进而进行环境地球化学研究．     

Environmental geochemistry and ecological risk of vanadium pollution in Panzhihua mining and smelting area, Sichuan, China

1 Introduction Vanadium (V) is a relatively abundant elemenwhich is widely distributed in nature; howeverworkable V deposits are very rare (World HealthOrganization, 2001). Vanadium is a trace elementwhich may be beneficial and possibly essential fohuman…     

攀枝花宝鼎矿区地温研究

根据攀枝花宝鼎矿区＋900、＋700、＋500水平的地温分布特征,结合矿区地貌、水系、构造发育程度、地层岩性组合、覆盖层厚度、矿井采空区范围等条件,对该区深部地温的分布规律进行探讨研究,认为其热源可能来自岩浆余热,但地温异常与矿区各地质特征有关,为老矿区深部煤炭资源的开发,防治地热灾害提供了地温依据。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Radiolarian Cherts of the Mada’er Area, Southwestern Tianshan: Implications for Depositional Environment

In the southwestern Tianshan,the geologic ages of many strata and their depositional environments are still poorly constrained because of complex structures.The Mada'er area is located in the Kuokesaleling belt,Southwestern Tianshan.The cherts from the former Wupata'erkan Group contain abundant radiolarian fossils,including 10 species which are identified as late Devonian to early Carboniferous in age.Eleven chert samples have SiO_2 contents ranging from 88.80 wt%to 93.28 wt%, and 2.02 wt%to 3.72 wt%for ...     

遵义铜锣井锰矿区土壤锰等元素的环境地球化学特征

对遵义铜锣井锰矿区及其背景区土壤的研究表明：（1）土壤母质岩石是控制土壤全量锰的主要因素，土壤有效锰受全量锰的制约。有效锰还受土壤物理化学条件的制约。总体上锰趋向于在表层土壤中富集。（2）土壤中锰的污染既有自然污染，也有人为污染。自然污染全量锰深层土壤大于浅层土壤；人为污染主要影响土壤表层，以表层土壤中高锰为特征，其深层土壤中锰与无污染状态相似。（3）锰矿开采造成的污染主要是锰的污染，其他元素如Cu，Zn，Co，Ni，Cd，Fe2O3，K2O污染不明显或无污染。土壤中全量P2O5可能受到了污染，但有效P2O5较低且分布无规律，反映不出锰矿开采造成的影响。     

中国西南部乌蒙山区矿产地信息数据集

本数据集在广泛收集中国西南部乌蒙山区各种矿产勘查成果信息数据的基础上,按不同矿种对各类矿产信息进行分类提取、汇总提炼、数据质量检查等环节,提供矿产地基本信息、矿区地质特征、数据集代码三部分属性数据。其中,矿产地属性数据包括矿产地编号、矿种、矿产地名称、交通位置、经度、纬度、矿床成因类型、共生矿、伴生矿、矿床规模、成矿时代等16个方面的数据,涵盖自2013至2016年勘查成果,包括27个矿种,1 834个矿产地。矿区地质特征属性数据包括矿产地、矿区大地构造位置、岩石地层单位、侵入岩、火山岩、变质岩、地质构造特征、围岩蚀变等14个方面,涉及769个矿床（点）的资料。数据集代码属性数据包括矿种、三级成矿带、四级成矿带、矿床成因类型、矿床规模、地质工作程度、勘查程度等10个方面数据。本数据集矿种多样、内容丰富、数据可靠,为该区后续深入开展矿产资源评价、地质科学研究、矿产开发部署提供了重要的基础性参考数据资料。     

西南三江地区新生代走滑造山

本文系统论述了西南三江地区那邦、高黎贡山、崇山-澜沧江、点苍山-哀牢山-红河剪切走滑带、区域性伸展与变质核杂岩、新生代盆地及走滑过程中的碱性岩浆活动等特征,认为西南三江地区经历了挤压收缩变形（60~40Ma）、走滑伸展热隆（40~38Ma）、走滑剪切深熔（38~23Ma）、走滑剪切伸展（23~11Ma）、走滑剥蚀隆升（11~5Ma）5个时空演化阶段,并对应5种运动机制及动力学机制：碰撞挤压、走滑拉张热隆（岩浆）、走滑剪切深熔、剪切伸展、走滑垮塌,主要表现为走滑造山。西南三江造山带是印度板块向欧亚板块斜向俯冲形成的多条巨型顺时针走滑剪切带,其间的块体向南逸出并顺时针旋转。走滑断层系起了位移量调节和构造变换的作用,西南三江造山带为典型的走滑造山带。     

Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Panzhihua Gabbroic Layered Intrusion and Associated Fe-Ti-V Oxide Deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China

The Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion is associated withthe 260 Ma Emeishan Large Igneous Province in SW China. Thissill-like body hosts a giant Fe–Ti–V oxide depositwith 1333 million ton ore reserves, which makes China a majorproducer of these metals. The intrusion has a Marginal zoneof fine-grained hornblende-bearing gabbro and olivine gabbro,followed upward by Lower, Middle, and Upper zones. The Lowerand Middle zones consist of layered melanogabbro and gabbrocomposed of cumulate clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine.These zones also contain magnetite layers. The Upper zone consistschiefly of leucogabbro composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxenewith minor olivine. Most rocks in the body show variable-scalerhythmic modal layering in which dark minerals, primarily clinopyroxene,dominate in the lower parts of each layer, and lighter minerals,primarily plagioclase, dominate in the upper parts. The oxideores occur as layers and lenses within the gabbros and are concentratedin the lower parts of the intrusion. Ore textures and associatedmineral assemblages indicate that the ore bodies formed by verylate-stage crystallization of V-rich titanomagnetite from animmiscible oxide liquid in a fluid-rich environment. The rocksof the Panzhihua intrusion become more evolved in chemistryupward and follow a tholeiitic differentiation trend with enrichmentin Fe, Ti, and V. They are enriched in light rare earth elementsrelative to heavy rare earth elements, and exhibit positiveNb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and negative Zr and Hf anomalies. Thesilicate rocks and oxide ores of the Panzhihua intrusion formedfrom highly evolved Fe–Ti–V-rich ferrobasaltic orferropicritic magmas. The textures of the ores and the abundanceof minor hydrous phases indicate that addition of fluids fromupper crustal wall-rocks induced the separation of the immiscibleoxide melts from which the Fe–Ti–V oxide ore bodiesin the lower part of the intrusion crystallized. KEY WORDS: magnetite; Fe–Ti-rich gabbro; layered intrusion; Panzhihua; SW China     

武陵源风景区的环境地球化学质量评价

对武陵源风景区的环境地球化学研究表明:本区的有毒有害元素背景含量低,基本无污染,多元素综合评价属清洁区。但人体或生物必须的有益营养元素Cu、Zn、MO、V、Mn、B、P、Sr及组分CaO、K_2O、Fe_2O_3等普遍含量不足,尤以Cu、MO、Zn、Mn等更缺乏,是影响风景区环境质量的重要因素。为此,本文提出了治理保护环境的几点建议。     

中国西南地区煤中砷的含量与对比

总结了中国西南云、贵、川、渝三省一市各主要含煤时代的主要煤层和各煤类煤中砷含量及其分布特征，并与国内外的资料进行了对比。通过分析，认为西南各省中以云南省砷含量最高，各成煤时代以寒武纪老地层中的石煤含量最高，而各煤种中以石煤和褐煤砷含量最高。     

环境微量元素对甘肃河西地区胃癌发病的影响

环境物质中的微量元素水平与胃癌之间存在相关联系,甘肃省是胃癌高发区,对甘肃省河西地区胃癌患者生活饮用水及土壤微量元素进行了相关性研究.结果表明:河西地区水土的Fe含量高于对照组,高浓度游离Fe有利于癌细胞的快速繁殖,摄入高浓度的离子Fe对机体有毒害作用,是导致胃癌发生的一个重要因素.环境中Zn水平低可能是胃癌发生的癌前因素,Se水平与癌症生病率呈负相关,河西地区环境中镓含量较低,可能导致机体内微量元素的不平衡,促使胃癌的发生.     

Geology and Geochemistry of the Buerkesidai and Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposits in the Sawuershan Region, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Northwest China

The Sawuershan region, one of the important gold metallogenic belts of Xinjiang, is located in the western part of the Kalatongke island arc zone of north Xinjiang, NW China. There are two gold deposits in mining, namely the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits. Gold ores at the Kuoerzhenkuola deposit occur within Carboniferous andesite and volcanic breccias in the form of gold‐bearing quartz–pyrite veins and veinlet groups containing native gold, electrum, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gold ores at the Buerkesidai deposit occur within Carboniferous tuffaceous siltstones in the form of gold‐bearing quartz veinlet groups and altered rocks, with electrum, pyrite and arsenopyrite as major metallic minerals. Both gold deposits are hosted by structurally controlled faults associated with intense hydrothermal alteration. The typical alteration assemblage is sericite + chlorite + calcite + quartz, with an inner pyrite–sericite zone and an outer chlorite–calcite–epidote zone between orebodies and wall rocks. δ³⁴S values (0.3–1.3‰) of pyrite of ores from Kuoerzhenkuola deposit are similar to those (0.4–2.9‰) of pyrite of ores from Buerkesidai deposit. δ³⁴S values (1.1–2.8‰) of pyrite from altered rocks are similar to δ³⁴S values of magmatic or igneous sulfide sulfur, but higher than those from ores. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb data of sulfide from ores range within 17.72–18.56, 15.34–15.61, and 37.21–38.28, respectively. These sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that ore‐forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. He and Ar isotope study on fluid inclusions of pyrites from ores of Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits produces ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar and ³He/⁴He ratios in the range of 282–525 and 0.6–9.4 R/Ra, respectively, indicating a mixed source of deep‐seated magmatic water (mantle fluid) and shallower meteoric water. In terms of tectonic setting, the gold deposits in the Sawuershan region can be interpreted as epithermal. These formations resulted from a combination of protracted volcanic activity, hydrothermal fluid mixing, and a structural setting favoring gold deposition. Fluid mixing was possibly the key factor resulting in Au deposition in the gold deposits in Sawuershan region.     

Organic Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits in Southwestern Guizhou Province, China

Sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold (SRHDG) deposits in the Youjiang-Nanpanjiang Basin,southwestem Guizhou Province are commonly hosted by the same fold crests that commonly contain a remarkable amount of organic material. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents of the ores and host rocks are usually less than 1%. The reflectance of vitrinite and pyrobitumen in the ores and the host rocks ranges from 1.5% to 4.5%, often in the range of 2% to 3%. In the Lannigou deposit, the reflectance of vitrinite and pyrobitumen in the ores is usually somewhat higher than those within the host rocks, indicating a hydrothermal impact on the organic matter in the altered host rocks. On the contrary, the estimated maximum paleotemperatures of the Getang and Zimudang deposits are higher than the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions in the ores, signifying that the organic matter maturation predated Au mineralization. No correlation between the organic matter contents and Au concentrations were recognized in the ores.However, the most striking observation is that there is a positive correlation between the $2 (a parameter of Rock-Eval analysis), Au and As contents of the ores in the Lannigou deposit. Organic matter maturation and migration is apparent from the TOC vs. HCI diagram. Furthermore, group analysis of the dichloromethane extractable organic component of the ores and host rocks shows that the maturation degree of the organic matter in the ores is slightly higher than that of the host rocks in the Lannigou gold deposit. However, the compositions of their alkanes, steranes and terpenes, which serve as biomarkers, are quite similar; this suggests that the organic matter found in the ores and host rocks has a common marine source. Organic matter probably contributed to the preconcentration of Au in the host rocks. Hydrocarbons in the system,on the other hand, clearly contributed to the emplacement of the gold mineralization through thermal sulfate reduction.Organic matter in the solution might have increased the potential of the hydrothermal solution to transport Au.     

环境地球化学研究进展(2000～2010年)简述

在过去十来年中,环境地球化学学科获得了很大发展,研究内容十分丰富。本文以2011年4月在广州举行的环境地球化学学术讨论会的内容为线索,简要介绍了中国环境地球化学研究方面的一些进展和存在的问题以及发展方向,包括氮、喀斯特、汞、非传统稳定同位素、有机物以及气候变化等环境地球化学。     

Geochemistry of Permian Coal and Its Combustion Residues in Huainan Coalfield, China

INTRODUCTIONMany environmental problems may arise during coal min-ing and utilization. Among these prob1ems, much attention hasbeen paid to S(), and NO. emission during coal combustion.But the environmental effects produced by hazardous elementsduring coal mining and utilization are also important and de-serve to be studied (Goodazi, 1995; Finkelman, 1993; Valk-ovic, l983). For example, when coal wastes are used for landreclamation, the harmful elements in them may pollute water,soil an…     

云南芦子园铅锌矿床地球化学、流体包裹体及稳定同位素特征

云南省保山—镇康古生代沉积盆地的上寒武统碳酸盐岩中发育有脉状铅锌矿体, 它们均受地层和构造的双重控制. 芦子园铅锌矿是该区此类型规模最大的一个矿床, 矿体赋存于沙河厂组的大理岩及大理岩化灰岩中.其原生矿金属矿物组合为: 闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿和磁铁矿.围岩蚀变有矽卡岩化、绿泥石化、硅化、黄铁矿化和大理岩化等.流体包裹体研究表明, 该地区铅锌矿化经历中低温(160~280℃) 和中高温(280~420℃) 2个主要矿化阶段.芦子园铅锌矿的硫、铅同位素组成具有变化范围窄、相对均一的特点(δ(34S)=9.23×10-3~10.17×10-3; w(206Pb)/w(204Pb)=18.224~18.338, w(207Pb)/w(204Pb) =15.715~15.849, w(208Pb)/w(204Pb)=38.381~38.874), 其矿石硫与铅同位素都反映了成矿过程曾受到岩浆活动的影响.研究表明: 镇康地区铅锌矿为与上寒武统局部层位和隐伏岩体有关的热液型铅锌多金属矿床.      

云南老君山锡多金属成矿区硫、铅、氢、氧同位素地球化学

滇东南老君山成矿区是我国西南部重要的锡、钨多金属成矿区之一,本文围绕成矿区中典型矿床进行了系统取样和硫、铅、氢、氧同位素测试工作,并针对分析结果结合矿区地质情况进行了解译。研究区硫同位素δ³⁴S分布范围为-1.50‰~8.61‰,均值为2.06‰,属壳幔混合来源硫;矿物生成顺序较早的单矿物硫同位素组成为幔源,晚期偏壳源;层状矽卡岩型矿石硫同位素组成偏幔源,花岗岩和花岗斑岩的硫同位素组成为壳源,穿层石英脉型矿石硫同位素组成可分为幔源和壳源两类。铅同位素分析结果属壳幔混合来源,以壳源铅为主,铅同位素测年分析结果显示有多期地质作用对成矿有所影响。氢、氧同位素组成指示成矿流体以岩浆水为主,并有大气降水的混入。结合老君山成矿区地质、同位素组成及测年结果分析,老君山成矿区众多矿床的形成应为早加里东期海底喷流沉积、印支期区域变质和燕山期花岗岩热液叠加改造等地质因素共同作用的结果。