Acid volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in tidal flat sediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China

It is well known that acid-volatile sulfide （AVS） plays an important role in influencing the toxicity of divalent cationic metals within anoxic sediments. In studying sediment core samples collected from tidal flats within the Jiaozhou Bay, China, we found that the AVS concentration gradually increases with depth and decreases from high tidal flat to low tidal flat areas. We evaluated the chemical activity and bioavailability of heavy metals in the tidal flat based on the molar ratio of simultaneously extracted metals （SEM） and AVS. The value of SEM/AVS is generally less than 1 in this area except for the surface layer, which suggests that the heavy metals only have chemical activity in the surface layer. SEM is most highly concentrated at the boundary of the redox layer SEM have similar depth distributions throughout the tidal flat. The aeration of low tidal flat sediment indicates that SEM gradually move to deeper sites via interstitial water.     

Factorial analysis of annual erosion-accretion cycles of tidal flats in the front area of the southern Changjiang river delta

Based on surveyed data from seven coastal sections and the collected data of wind, sea level, tide, nearshore suspended sediment concentration and river flux from adjacent stations, this paper deals with regressive correlation between monthly average flat elevation and monthly average figures of the influential factors. All sections except one which is located within the river mouth showed negative correlation between flat elevation and sea level and between flat elevation and tidal range, with correlation coefficients being −0.53 – −0.91 (−0.77 on the average) in the former condition and −0.56 – −0.97 (−0.80 on the average) under the latter. Each of the sections with available suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data shows a positive correlation between flat elevation and SSC, with correlative coefficients being 0.35 – 0.97 (0.66 on the average). Only two sections (one in the Changjiang River Estuary and the other in the Hangzhou Bay) which are similar to beaches in sediment grain-size and slope gradient showed a negative correlation between flat elevation and onshore wind frequency and between flat elevation and average wind velocity, with correlative coefficients being respectively −0.57 and −0.69 (−0.63 on the average) in the former situation and −0.61 and −0.75 (−0.68 on the average) in the latter. Other sections did not show uniform relationship between flat elevation and wind conditions. Due to local marine factors the nearshore SSC in the studied area is negatively correlated with the Changjiang River sediment flux (r=−0.78), which results in false negative correlation between flat elevation and river sediment flux. The paper also gives sediment dynamic and morphodynamic explanation for the above correlations. Sea level rise results in the spread of breaker zone from subtidal area to intertidal area and then increases the intertidal water energy. The larger the tidal range, the stronger the tide currents and the easier for the flat to be eroded. The higher the SSC of flood water, the easier for the sediment to deposit down. Because of correlations among the influential factors, it is difficult to give the prime one which dominates the erosion and accretion processes in tidal flats.     

Factorial analysis of annual erosion-accretion cycles of tidal flats in the front area of the southern Changjiang river delta

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Standing crop and primary production of benthic microalgae on the tidal flats in Yueqing Bay

The standing stock and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats were measured seasonally at 3 transects (Puqing, Dahengchuang and Puqi) in Yueqing Bay during 2002 2003. The results showed that the integral chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration in tidal flat mud exhibited a seasonal variation with the order of magnitude: winter (14.0 4.2 mg m-2) > spring (13.0 6.3 mg m-2) > autumn (7.7 5.9 mg m-2) > summer (4.6 3.2 mg m-2). The primary production showed an order of magnitude: spring (270.5 224.9 mgC m-2 d-1)>winter (238.7 225.5 mgC m-2 d-1)>autumn (214.1 56.2 mgC m-2 d-1)>summer (71.6 44.6 mgC m-2 d-1). Both chlorophyll a and primary production showed maximum values in the surface layer of sediment, and decreased rapidly with increasing depth due to sun light limitation. The results of variance analysis indicated that seasonal variation and tidal flat condition affected Chl a greatly, but had no significant effect on primary production. The annual primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats in Yueqing Bay was estimated at 16143 tons carbon, which is sufficient to support 1.02×105 tons shellfish production. The environmental factors affecting chlorophyll and primary production on the tidal flats in Yueqing Bay were discussed. By comparing with other bays on China’s coast, it was observed that Yueqing Bay is a region with high benthic microalgae standing crop and primary production, which may be related to the type of its sediment.     

山东省沿海岸带矿产资源分布特征

山东省沿海岸带矿产资源分布广泛,资源储量丰富。由于地壳演化历程的差异,决定其岩石建造和含矿建造的差异,从而导致了各大地构造单元内分布着各具特色的矿产;各个地质历史时期中形成的岩系都分布着一定的矿产。山东省沿海岸带属环太平洋Ⅰ级成矿带,分属于济阳(华北)成矿区、胶北(辽宁-胶东半岛)成矿区和胶南-威海成矿区3个Ⅱ级成矿区。由于山东省区域成矿作用的发生、发展和矿床的形成都受区域地质的发展演化控制,矿产在时间上的分布具有不均一性和规律性。     

山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查与评价

介绍了山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查与评价工作取得的一些基本成果以及该区存在的生态地球化学问题。调查与评价结果显示,Zn,Pb,Cu,Se,Cd,S,P,Hg,N,OrgC等元素或指标在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,使表层土壤含量明显大于深层;总体上该区地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的0.13%,主要分布在矿集区和城镇周边,主要污染元素为Cd,Cr,Ni,Hg。浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样总硬度超标,溶解性总固体、NO2-和F-等超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有:①山地丘陵区土壤pH值低,且表层土壤具有向强酸、强碱两极化发展的趋势,易引起重金属元素活化,危害人类健康;②沿海地带土地贫瘠,N,P和有机质等营养水平多属缺乏级;③莱州-烟台和牟平-乳山矿集区以及人口密集的城镇地带表层土壤Hg,Cd,Pb,Zn,Se,S等元素污染严重。地质高背景、酸性的表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,是造成环境中重金属元素含量较高的主要原因。     

THE RESEARCH ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND FORMS OF HEAVY METALS IN THE XIANGJIANG RIVER SEDIMENTS

In this paper, the contents and various forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of the Xiangjiang River have been investigated. The presentation of this paper focuses on the various forms and characteristics of the heavy metals in the column sediments at Xiawan Port of Zhuzhou, which has been severely polluted by a metallurgical plant.The forms of the heavy metals discussed in this paper are: The concentration of the exchangeable forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, in the forms of carbonates and Fe/ Mn oxide in water, the combination of Cu with organic matter and form, and the proportion of the residue form at each section have been studied.     

淄博市大武水源地土壤质量分析及其对地下水的影响

土壤质量评价是了解土壤污染状况,完善土壤管理制度的有效途径.本文旨在研究主要污染物对土壤质量的影响,进一步分析土壤对地下水的影响.以淄博市大武水源地为研究区,运用综合分析法和对比法,分析近十年土壤改善情况,探讨土壤和地下水之间的联系.结果 表明,研究区内土壤质量整体较好,无较高污染风险Ⅲ类土壤,以污染风险低的Ⅰ类土壤为...     

山东省稀有金属矿产资源特征及找矿方向浅析

稀有金属在现代高新技术和国防建设中具有重要用途,属于国家战略性矿产。山东省已发现多个稀有金属矿床（点）,主要分布在威海、青岛、泰安、枣庄等地区。山东省内稀有金属矿床按其成因主要分为滨海沉积型、花岗伟晶岩型以及滨海澙湖沉积型3种稀有金属矿床。本文总结了山东省稀有金属矿产勘查及开发利用现状和供需形势,论述了3种成因类型典型稀有矿床的地质特征,划分了找矿远景区并提出了相应工作手段,为今后稀有金属矿产勘查提供参考。     

山东彭庄石炭二叠纪层序地层及聚煤特征

国际二叠系三分后,随着鲁西南煤炭等资源进一步勘探要求,迫切需要厘清其地层特征以及其与聚煤特征的关系。经过岩心分析,结合钻井资料,运用层序地层学原理,以山东彭庄煤矿为例对石炭二叠纪地层进行层序地层研究,并对相应聚煤特征进行了分析。共识别出2个类型的层序界面,把该区石炭二叠纪地层划分为3个三级层序,S1相当于太原组上部,S2相当于山西组,S3相当于石盒子群下部。通过分析揭示S1主要为潟湖沼泽、潮坪相,物源相对较差。S2主要由下三角洲平原相中分流河道相、泥炭沼泽相、河口坝相组成,物源相对较丰富,在海侵初期开始产生聚煤作用,到末期煤层发育最好。S3主要为上三角洲平原相,无煤层发育。     

鲁西南地区地下水锰的分布特征及其成因

为了解鲁西南地区地下水中锰的含量及其成因,采集并分析了276组地下水样和18组地表水样,结果表明,鲁西南平原区浅层地下水中锰含量在未检出至2.84mg/L之间,平均浓度为0.35mg/L,超标率达41%。鲁西南地区地下水中锰含量的分布与该区的工业化程度以及所处的补、径、排条件密切相关。影响地下水中锰含量分布的因素主要有表层土壤、地下水径流条件及含水层介质和地下水矿化度等。     

山东省寿光市土壤中有机氯农药残留分布及来源解析

寿光市土壤中六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)均有残留。六六六(HCHs)检出率为27.64%,主要残留物为γ-HCH和δ-HCH,平均残留率分别为0.65×10~(-9)和0.50×10~(-9);滴滴涕(DDTs)检出率为59.35%,主要残留物为p,p′-DDE和p,p′-DDT,平均残留率分别为5.21×10~(-9),5.20×10~(-9)。残留量较国内多数其他地区低,仅DDTs稍高于香港土壤和黄淮海地区农田。按土壤环境质量评价标准,HCHs属于一类土壤,DDTs一类土壤占比90.41%,二类土壤占比9.56%。通过对HCHs和DDTs各组分残留量进行比较,寿光市HCHs和DDTs使用时间较久远,多数已降解,但仍有部分地区可能使用过林丹,部分地区有新外源DDTs污染输入。     

山东省耕地变化及社会经济驱动因素分析

根据山东省2002-2008年耕地面积和社会经济发展统计数据,分析了全省耕地、人口变化趋势,利用主成分分析法通过SPSS定量分析了影响耕地变化的驱动因子,依据主成分分析的结果,重点进行了人口、经济和城市建设等因素的驱动分析。     

山东省黄河下游流域高碘地甲病分布与地球化学环境相关性

山东省黄河下游流域是山东省高碘地甲病重病区.在区域调杳的基础上,选择其中的郓城、嘉祥,东昌府、博兴4县(区)开展土壤碘含量、饮水碘含量、儿童尿碘、儿童甲状腺容积、儿童甲肿率等指标调杳,结果表明区内饮水碘含量和群体的尿碘含量普遍较高,高碘的危害和高碘地甲病情严重.分析了土壤、饮水碘分布及变化规律,研究了高碘地甲病与地球化学环境相关性,结果显示高碘地甲病与饮水碘含量呈正相关关系,而与土壤中碘元素含量无明显的相关关系.     

山东省黄河下游流域生态地球化学调查主要成果

农业地质环境调查成果表明,山东省黄河下游流域5．4万km^2的土地质量总体状况良好,绝大多数土地是清洁的。调查区内有99．9％的土壤为绿色土壤,可生产无公害小麦、玉米等农产品;一类土壤占92．7％,适宜于发展绿色食品生产;二类土壤占7．2％;三类土壤占0．1％。本次调查发现的重金属严重污染土地集中分布在城市的周边地区。浅层地下水地球化学调查结果表明,区内浅层地下水环境污染状况严重,水质优良的地段主要分布在济宁市区北、平阴周边、长清南、济南市区南部等靠近山前地段,其他平原地区的水环境质量多为较差或极差级（不能饮用）。     

山东省阳谷-茌平煤田地质特征及资源潜力分析

为加快阳谷-茌平煤田煤炭资源开发,近年来投入大量地质工作。通过二维地震测量及钻探工作认证,在矿区地层中又揭露出侏罗纪三台组地层;构造格局由4个升降相间的断块组成;煤系地层中局部出现辉长岩等岩浆岩侵入现象。本溪组、山西组、太原组为主要含煤地层,含煤24层,可采煤层10层;煤质主要为气煤、气肥煤,少量焦煤、无烟煤;开采条件较好。初步预测埋深-1 500 m以浅煤炭资源量86.5亿t;埋深-1 500 m以深煤炭资源量130.5亿t,具有较好的开采前景。     

山东招远-平度断裂带南段地球物理特征及找矿预测

以招平断裂带南段为研究对象,综合利用招平断裂带的地质、重力、磁法、大地电磁等资料总结了研究区的重磁场特征及岩石的物性特征,并通过5条典型剖面开展可控源音频大地电磁测深（CSAMT）,进一步查明了研究区的成矿条件和找矿前景。根据CSAMT实测数据,反演及推断了招平断裂带南段深部的延深及变化情况,推测脆性断裂是招平断裂带南段金矿找矿的关键因素并据此在实测剖面上圈定了8处成矿有利靶区。本文认为研究区的北部具有较好的成矿条件和找矿潜力。     

山东省地热资源开发利用现状调查与问题分析

山东省地热资源类型多且分布广,资源储量丰富,开采条件好,是名副其实的地热资源大省。本文采用逐井调查方法,对山东省范围内地热井数量、开发利用方式、地热流体开采量、地热井与油气资源矿业权重叠等进行了调查,对开发利用过程中存在问题进行研究分析。截至2020年底,全省共有地热井1862眼,主要包括洗浴与疗养模式、洗浴与疗养兼养殖与种植模式、养殖与种植模式、供暖兼洗浴模式四种模式;全省地热流体开采总量约1.405×108m3/a,其中供暖开采量约1.216×108m3/a,供暖面积约4060×104m2;康乐用开采量约0.166×108m3/a,养殖及其他用开采量约0.068×108m3/a。对油气资源矿业权（采矿权、探矿权）与地热井重叠进行论述,分析了地热开发利用过程中存在的问题,为今后全省地热资源的开发利用提供了依据。     

山东省栖霞市泥石流灾害的成生环境及危险性趋势分区评价

栖霞市是地质灾害多发区，主要地质灾害有泥石流、崩塌和滑坡，尤其是泥石流灾害频发，其形成主要受自然地理环境、地质条件和人类经济活动影响。因而在地质灾害调查成果基础上危险性趋势进行了分区评价，确定了泥石流灾，将泥石流的发育频度、面积密度和规模进行了分级，采用袭扰系数法对区内泥石流灾害的害的高危区、中危区和低危区，为泥石流灾害防治提供了科学依据。     

山东省烟台市国土空间规划监督信息系统构建研究

烟台市进行了国土空间规划平台的升级,发布了“烟台市国土空间规划‘一张图’实施监督信息系统”。该系统基本满足了烟台市的各项发展规划需求。本文梳理了该系统的构建过程,分析了该系统的技术特点,总结了使用方法及理论,为国土空间规划平台的应用提供借鉴。