Seismic Microzonation: A Comparison between Geotechnical and Seismological Approaches in Pointe-à-Pitre (French West Indies)

Pointe-à-Pitre, the main city of Guadeloupe in the French West Indies, has on several occasions been partially destroyed by major historical earthquakes. Moreover, a post-seismic assessment of the damage from the 1985 Montserrat earthquake indicates that the town is prone to site effects. Consequently, from 1996 to 1998, BRGM conducted a seismic microzonation study based on geotechnical and geological data. At the same time, three seismological studies were being conducted – two based on earthquake recordings using a time-series analysis and the classical spectral ratio (CSR) method (CETE/LCPC and BRGM), and the third based on noise measurement at 400 points using the horizontal-to-vertical noise ratio (HVNR) method (CETE/LCPC). The objective of this paper is not to carry out a new microzonation study by taking into account all the results, but rather to show in what respects the results of these different methods are in agreement or not. A comparison of the results of the seismological studies with the geotechnical microzonation shows that they are in fairly good agreement, albeit with some discrepancies. The results indicate that the seismological methods and the geotechnical data are highly complementary and should be used together in compiling seismic transfer-function microzonation maps. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

地震系统文献资源的现状及其发展对策

本文概述了地震系统文献资源的现状及其发展对策，内容包括地震文献资源概况、地震文献资源的调查分析、地震系统文献资源建设中存在的主要问题以及地震文献资源建设发展对策。     

地震科学数据的分级分类探讨

在归纳地震科学数据现状的基础上探讨了地震科学数据共享应遵循的基本原则,并按其科学性质和可共享性进行了初步分级分类。结果可作为开展地震科学数据共享工作的参考。     

制定宣传目标 提倡社会化管理：对地震科普防震知识宣传的探讨

根据目前地震科普防震知识宣传工作存在的现实问题，认为，要想切实搞好此项工作，并能深入持久地开展下去，使之卓有成效，首先应在地震管理体系中制定出明确的责任目标，并要有保证目标实现的措施，第二在此基础上尽快将此项工作纳入社会宣传的总体规划，实现社会化管理，组织起社会多种宣传力量，齐抓共管。     

现场总线技术在地震监测中的应用探讨

在简要介绍现场总线技术及其特点的基础上,针对地震科研发展的迫切需求,提出了应用现场总线技术改造和建设地震监测技术系统、为地震预报预防实践和地震科学研究提供更高质量技术支撑的思考,探讨现场总线技术应用于地震监测的设想和方案。     

Response spectral relationships for rock sites derived from the component attenuation model

The seismological model was developed initially from the fundamental relationship between earthquake ground motion properties and the seismic moment generated at the source of the earthquake. Following two decades of continuous seismological research in the United States, seismological models which realistically account for both the source and path effects on the seismic shear waves have been developed and their accuracy rigorously verified (particularly in the long and medium period ranges). An important finding from the seismological research by Atkinson and Boore and their co‐investigators is the similarity of the average frequency characteristics of seismic waves generated at the source between the seemingly very different seismic environments of Eastern and Western North America (ENA and WNA, respectively). A generic definition of the average source properties of earthquakes has therefore been postulated, referred to herein as the generic source model. Further, the generic ‘hard rock’ crustal model which is characteristic of ENA and the generic ‘rock’ crustal model characteristic of WNA have been developed to combine with the generic source model, hence enabling simulations to be made of the important path‐related modifications to ground motions arising from different types of crustal rock materials. It has been found that the anelastic contribution to whole path attenuation is consistent between the ENA and WNA models, for earthquake ground motions (response spectral velocities and displacements) in the near and medium fields, indicating that differences in the ENA and WNA motions arise principally from the other forms of path‐related modifications, namely the mid‐crust amplification and the combined effect of the upper‐crust amplification and attenuation, both of which are significant only for the generic WNA ‘rock’ earthquake ground motions. This paper aims to demonstrate the effective utilization of the latest seismological model, comprising the generic source and crustal models, to develop a response spectral attenuation model for direct engineering applications. The developed attenuation model also comprises a source factor and several crustal (wave‐path modification) component factors, and thus has also been termed herein the component attenuation model (CAM). Generic attenuation relationships in CAM, which embrace both ENA and WNA conditions, have been developed using stochastic simulations. The crustal classification of a region outside North America can be based upon regional seismological and geological information. CAM is particularly useful for areas where local strong motion data are lacking for satisfactory empirical modelling. In the companion paper entitled ‘response spectrum modelling for rock sites in low and moderate seismicity regions combining velocity, displacement and acceleration predictions’, the CAM procedure has been incorporated into a response spectrum model which can be used to effectively define the seismic hazard of bedrock sites in low and moderate seismicity regions. This paper and the companion paper constitute the basis of a long‐term objective of the authors, to develop and effectively utilize the seismological model for engineering applications worldwide.     

我国钻孔应力-应变地震前兆监测台网的现状

当今的地震成因理论表明：地震是地应力（应变）积累到一定程度，使断层滑动而发生的。由此可见地应力－应变观测的重要性。我国的钻孔应力－应变地震前兆监测网，是全国地震前兆监测台网的一个组成部分。观测对象包括：体应变，分量应变，分量应力和钻孔应力－应变差应变。文章通过分析调查结果，比较详细地介绍了我国的钻孔应力－应变地震前兆监测台网的现状。     

泰国的地震活动及地震工作的现状

应泰国气象厅的邀请，固定地震局派遣了由郑斯华、叶洪组成的中国国家地震局专家组，于１９９４年８月１７日至９月４日访问考察了泰国。访问期间，泰国地震专家们向专家组介绍了泰国的地震活动性和地震工作现状；专家组访问了泰国Ｃｈｕｌａｌｏｎｇｋｏｒｎ大学的土木工程系，了解了泰国地震工程研究的情况。本文介绍了泰国的地震构造和地震活动性以及泰国的地震工作现状等。     

朝鲜核试验相关地震学研究进展及其文献计量学分析

朝鲜自2006年10月9日第一次开展地下核试验以来,分别于2009年5月25日、2013年2月12日、2016年1月6日、2016年9月9日和2017年9月3日相继进行了5次规模较大的核试验.由于核爆炸和天然地震的震源机制不同,可以通过核爆炸产生的地震波来进行核试验的监测,核试验相关地震学研究一直是国内外专家关注的焦点.本文分别从事件定位、性质识别、当量和埋藏深度等几个方面总结了近些年来朝鲜核试验相关地震学的研究进展,并基于文献计量学方法对朝鲜核试验相关地震学研究现状进行分析,综合结果表明,近些年基于朝鲜核试验的相关地震学研究的主要研究方向为核试验定位、当量估算以及震源深度等.     

利用地震属性技术研究岩溶裂隙发育带

利用地震属性技术,从三维地震数据体中提取对岩溶裂隙发育带相关的二维分形参数,预测岩溶裂隙发育带、奥灰顶部岩层的富水性以及有关的水文地质条件,为高产高效矿井地质保障系统提供依据。通过许厂煤矿430采区实际资料的检验,预测的地质效果良好。     

试论地震台站监测、科研、预报三结合

本文论述在新形势下地震台站体制、任务改革的必要性与可行性，认为地震台实行地震监测、科研、预报三结合和将单一观测型台站转化成观测－－科研型台站系我国地震台站的发展方向。文中结合牡丹江等地震台的实践对三结合地震台站建设的实施办法和管理体制进行了讨论。     

开发地震档案信息资源为地震科研服务

地震档案信息资源是宝贵的财富，地震档案工作者应不断提高自身素质，充分开发地震档案资源，利用现代化手段进行信息发布，使其能最大限度地为地震科研服务。     

On the recording characteristics of the original Wiechert seismographs at Göttingen (Germany)

The mechanical, automatically recording seismological instruments developed by Emil Wiechert in Göttingen at the beginning of the 20th century are still in use today. I comparethe recording characteristics of these seismographswith a modern, electrodynamic MARK L4-3D instrument. The frequency-dependent transfer functions are determined and used to restitute the`true' ground displacement. The displacement waveforms at the different instruments are well correlated at frequencies between 0.05 and 4.0 Hz.Amplitudes differ by a factor of less than two. This is sufficientfor the determination of seismological magnitudes which are defined on a logarithmicbasis. The timing accuracy is less favourable due to theslow recording speed on the smoked paper. However, relativetime differences within one second may be resolved, allowing the use of variousmodern seismological interpretation techniques.     

基于IPv6的地震观测网络模型探讨

地震台站的数据共享和安全访问是基于IPv4的地震观测网络系统急需解决的关键技术问题,由于IPv4的地址局限,缺乏安全认证和数据加密措施,现有的地震观测网络系统建立在私有IP地址的行业局域网,只能实现基于台网级的数据共享访问。下一代互联网IPv6协议取代IPv4是必然趋势,本研究以实现台站级数据访问为目标,构建在IPv6网络环境下地震观测网络系统的安全组网模型,同时针对现有观测系统的特点,探讨IPv4地震观测系统过渡到IPv6的系统模型,为下一步IPv6技术在地震行业的推广应用打下基础。     

地方地震工作的区域联防初探

地方地震工作的区域联防是特指在我国内陆跨省（市）、跨地区、按照震害客观分布情况由若干个地方地震部门自愿联合起来的区域地震工作协作组织。“淮海经济区地震联防会”是在我国大陆地震活动进入新的活跃期,为适应减轻地震灾害的需要,由苏、鲁、豫、皖四省十六地（市）自发联合,于１９８９年成立的。本文通过“联防会”的产生、机构性质、主要任务、活动方式、组织管理工作的回顾与思考,提出了一个区域联防的工作模型,在实践     

山西临汾地震台地电阻率异常分析与探讨

对山西临汾地震台地电阻率观测数据在临汾及其周边地区发生4．0级以上地震时的异常变化、异常形态进行了对比分析,认为,临汾中心地震台地电阻率对于捕捉该区地震前兆异常信息有积极的意义;对2008年4月以来临汾中心地震台地电阻率观测数据的变化情况、变化形态做了分析,其结果可为场源外区域地电异常的研究提供依据和参考。     

高级汉字地震位图绘制软件（SACWSBP）

文中主要介绍位图文件的生成方法及其用该法编制的高级汉字地震位图绘制软件（ＳＡＣＷＳＢＰ）的功能及可能应用。该软件可绘制正式使用的地震图。并着重讨论了了地震位图文件中心；线等基本图形函数的实现，地震图形软件的编制，图形显示，文字标注，汉字输入、与现有中文系统的接口、打印输出，高级汉字地震位绘制条件的功能，特点及其应用情况等，是获得高级精美的地震图形的一种途径，具有较强的实用价值。     

Earthquakes in southern Dalmatia and coastal Montenegro before the large 6 April 1667 event

The fourteenth to seventeenth century seismicity of southern Dalmatia (Croatia) and coastal Montenegro deserved to be fully reappraised because of the ascertained imperfect knowledge offered by modern seismological studies and of the awareness of the smokescreen effect due to the large 6 April 1667 M 6.4 earthquake that impacted exactly the area of study. The investigation consisted of (i) a reconsideration of earthquake records made available by previous studies and (ii) a systematic analysis of historical sources contemporary to the earthquakes, especially those not yet taken into account in seismological studies. The 168 contemporary and independent records collected cast a different light on more than 300 years of seismicity of this area. Records are reckoned to be unevenly distributed among the 39 studied earthquakes, out of which 15 still rely upon a single testimony. Each record has been reevaluated with respect to its content and attributed a level of reliability, which for those reporting other 14 events was so low to prevent us from confirming their real occurrence. Completely unreliable records have been identified and discussed, to conclude that they are at the root of five fake earthquakes. Altogether, 34 intensity values in EMS-98 were assessed related to 15 moderate and five damaging earthquakes. Existing and newly obtained data contributed to putting the pre-1667 seismicity of southern Dalmatia and coastal Montenegro into a substantially different perspective.     

Analysis of the Impact of Source Region Structures on Seismological Parameter Scanning

By taking moderate-strong earthquakes in South,North and West China as the research subjects and taking into consideration the fault strikes in these regions,this paper selects 8 kinds of seismology indexes with clear physical significance and strong independence to carry out spatial scanning of the parallel,vertical and oblique slip of fault along the fault strike.Based on the size of correlation coefficients between the scanning curve and source region curve we quantitatively analyze the difference between scan results among different slip modes and study the impact of fault strike in different tectonic divisions on scanning results and variation rules of seismological parameters.The results show that not only does the change of spatial parameters have a great influence on seismological parameter scanning,but so does the fault strike in the source region.This paper presents the optimum condition parameters with least spatial influencing scanning scope for different magnitude seismology indexes and analyzes the possible influence of fault strike on seismological parameter scanning results.     

Integrated Analysis on Gravity and Magnetic Fields of the Hailar Basin, NE China: Implications for Basement Structure and Deep Tectonics

The Hailar Basin is one of the typical basins among the NE China Basin Groups, which is situated in the east of East Asia Orogene between the Siberia Plate and the North China Plate. Based on the detailed analysis of magnetic, gravity, petrophysical, geothermal and seismological data, we separate the Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies (GMA) into four orders using Wavelet Multi-scale Decomposition (WMD). The apparent depths of causative sources were then assessed by Power Spectrum Analysis (PSA) of each order. Low-order wavelet detail anomalies were used to study the basin’s basement structure such as major faults, the basement lithology, uplifts and depressions. High-order ones were used for the inversion of Moho and Curie discontinuities using the Parker method. The results show that the Moho uplifting area of the Hailar Basin is located at the NE part of the basin, the Curie uplifting area is at the NW part, and neither of them is consistent with the basin’s sedimentary center. This indicates that the Hailar Basin may differ in basin building pattern from other middle and eastern basins of the basin groups, and the Hailar Basin might be of a passive type. When the Pacific Plate was subducting to NE China, the frontier of the plate lying on the mantle transition zone didn’t pass through the Great Khingan Mountains region, so there is not an obvious magma upwelling or lithospheric extension in the Hailar Basin area. Finally, based on the seismological data and results of WMD, a probable 2D crust model is derived from an across-basin profile using the 2D forward modeling of the Bouguer gravity anomaly. The results agree with those from seismic inversion, suggesting WMD is suitable for identifying major crustal density interfaces.