月球航天探测和月球测绘

对月球航天探测的主要情况作了回顾,概要介绍月球地形测绘和月球大地测量.首先介绍月球大地测量(Selenodesy)的定义和方法.月球大地测量的特点是它的观测数据绝大部分都要依靠航天探测器或环月、绕月卫星来获取.月球大地测量的内容可以考虑有三个方面:一是在月球上给出一个有确定定义的坐标参考系,并在其中布测一个控制网;二是确定这一月球参考系的大地测量几何和物理常数;三是求定月球的外部重力场.最后概述月球地形测绘的特点.     

月球地形测绘和月球大地测量(5)

主要介绍月球地形测绘和月球大地测量的情况。第一部分论述了月球大地测量(Selenodesy)的定义和方法。月球大地测量的一个特点是它的观测数据绝大部分都要依靠航天探测器或环月、绕月卫星来获取。月球大地测量的内容可以考虑有三个方面:一是在月球上给出一个有确定定义的坐标参考系,并在其中布测一个控制网;二是确定这一月球参考系的大地测量几何和物理常数;三是求定月球的外部重力场。第二部分介绍月球地形测绘。重点介绍了月球地形的特点,它大体分为月海、月陆、环形山等三种类型。     

普通测量学、地形测量学

CH20060061月球航天探测和月球测绘=Lunar SpatialExploration,Surveying and Mapping/陈俊勇(国家测绘局),章传银党亚民(中国测绘科学研究院)∥测绘学报.-2005,34(3).-189~195对月球航天探测的主要情况作了回顾,概要介绍月球地形测绘和月球大地测量。首先介绍月球大地测量(Sel     

月球探测器差分VLBI测量的模型及可估计参数研究

基于月球探测器离地而较近的特点和差分VLBI技术可以消除部分非几何延迟的优势,采用差分VLBI技术对月球探测器进行观测,推导具体町行的定位模型,并分析模型中可估计的地月大地测量参数序列.     

《测绘科学》2005年分类总目次

院士特稿论地图数据库合并技术李德仁　龚健雅　张桥平 (1/1)……现代地图学的最新进展与新世纪的展望廖　克 (1/5 )………月球地形测绘和月球大地测量 (1)陈俊勇 (2 /1)……………水准高差的日月潮汐改正魏子卿 (2 /6 )………………………论天地一体化的大测绘———地球空间信息学李德仁 (3/1)……无地面控制点卫星摄影测量的技术难点王任享等 (3/3)……月球地形测绘和月球大地测量 (2 )陈俊勇 (3/6 )……………格网地图的新一代陈述彭等 (4/1)……………………………月球地形测绘和月球大地测量 (3)陈俊勇 (4/5 )……………LMCCD相机卫…     

期刊博览

月球地形测绘和月球大地测量 从十九世纪六十年代以来的几十年中,人类一直试图发射航天器,以对月球,特别是它的远月面进行探测。美国和前苏联发射了各类月球探测器达七十余个,对月球进行探测,至今几乎已经完成了对月球重要的地学勘查,其中包括对全部月面的地形测绘和月球重力场测定。该文对月球航天探测的主要情况作了介绍,对月球的不同起源学说作了简要回顾,对月球的几何和物理特征作了介绍。地理信息水印系统的开发 随着信息技术的不断发展和国家建设的需要,地理信息数据产品的应用范围不断扩大,产品的数量高速增长。如何验证某种地理…     

大地测量反演中参数可辨识性问题

大地测量反演是进行大地测量物理解释研究的重要手段。在反演中，参数选择及求解（参数辨识）的正确性必须确保。本文根据有代表性的准则函数推演出大地测量反演参数可辨识条件，给出其适用范围；在概括了典型的大地测量力学模型基础上，讨论了其反演参数可辨识性问题；利用有限元数值反演算例验证了参数可辨识性的结论。表明：大地测量反演参数可辨识条件及其可辨识性的结论，体现了确定大地测量反演参数（种类和个数）理论上的必要性。     

现代大地测量学

从20世纪60年代初开始,空间大地测量的崛起,使大地测量学理论和观测技术发生了巨变,另一方面,1967～1968年板块大地构造学说的提出,使地球科学发生了巨变.现代大地测量学是这两个巨变的产物.同传统大地测量学比较,现代大地测学有本质的不同.首先是现代大地测量学的涵盖面大大扩充了;传统大地测量学只有几何大地测量学和物理大地测量学两个基本分支学科,现代大地测量学则新加了卫星大地测量学、动力大地测量学、海洋大地测量学,以及月球和行星测量学等4个分支学科.     

日本INSAR和重力测量技术的最新进展

根据 2 0 0 0年 6月在日本举行的 2 0 0 0年西太平洋会议获取的信息 ,较详细地介绍了日本近年来在 INSAR和重力测量技术领域的最新进展 ,及其在监测火山、地震、地壳形变、冰流场、绘制海洋潮汐负载形变图、测量月球形状和月球重力场等大地测量、海洋和地球物理中的应用。     

月球地形测绘和月球大地测量(2)

本文主要概要介绍前苏联在探月航天器方面,探测号(Zond)和月亮号(Luna)的主要历程和在月球上的地形测绘及大地测量等地学方面的成绩。     

On applications of selenodesy to lunar detection

IntroductionIn order to continuously track and surveylunardetector and other deep space detector and re-ceive the observation signals fromthem,the Na-tional Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) of America has started to establish thedeep space netwo…     

月球测绘在月球探测中的应用

根据探月历史概述了月球测绘与月球探测的关系、月球探测的焦点和我国探月计划;分析研究了月球 测绘的关键技术;论述了月球测绘在月球探测中的应用。     

Estimability analysis of variance and covariance components

Although variance and covariance components have been extensively investigated and a number of elegant formulae to compute them have been derived, nothing is known, without any ambiguity, about their estimability in the case of a fully unknown variance–covariance matrix. We prove that variance and covariance components in this case are not estimable, thus clarifying the ambiguity of the literature on the topic and correcting some erroneous statements in the literature. We also give a new theorem on the estimability of a linear function of variance and covariance components. Then we propose a new method to estimate the variance–covariance matrix with special structure, which can presumably be represented by, at most, r(r + 1)/2 independent parameters to guarantee its estimability in such a subspace, by directly implementing the positive definiteness of the matrix as constraint to the restricted maximum likelihood method, where r is the number of redundant measurements. Therefore, our estimates of the variance and covariance components always reconstruct a positive definite matrix and are always physically meaningful.     

全球定位系统的新进展(讲座四)——信号内部时延及其对钟差的影响

介绍了卫星信号内部时延的定义以及在GPS导航电文NAV和CNAV中所给出的各种时延差参数,推导了采用不同的卫星信号测距时应采用的各种卫星钟差模型。     

Estimability of astronomical longitude and latitude only from theodolite observations within three-dimensional networks of terrestrial type

Summary From a two-dimensional network adjustment it is well understood that the one orientation unknown of a theodolite frame is estimable, once the orientation datum parameter, e.g., one azimuth, is fixed. In three-dimensional networks the problem of estimability of three orientation unknowns inherent in a theodolite frame is more complex. Here we prove that not only the classical horizontal orientation unknown is estimable (up to the datum degrees of freedom), but also astronomical longitude and astronomical latitude which can be considered as two additional orientation unknowns of the theodolite frame moving with respect to an earth-fixed equatorial frame of reference. Thus the theodolite instrument can be considered—at least theoretically—a gradiometer measuring the variation of the directional parameters of the gravity vector from one point to another. Or up to the datum degrees of freedom astronomical longitude and astronomical latitude can be determined from only theodolite observations between exclusively terrestrial points. M?nicke (1982), has shown that despite the refraction problem the method works sufficiently well in practice.     

Analysis of systematic error influences on accuracy of airborne laser scanning altimetry

The error sources related to the laser rangefinder, GPS and INS are analyzed in details. Several coordinates systems used in airborne laser scanning are set up, and then the basic formula of system is given.This paper emphasizes on discussing the kinematic offset correction between GPS antenna phase center and laser fired point. And kinematic time delay influence on laser footprint position, the ranging errors, positioning errors, attitude errors and integration errors of the system are also explored. Finally, the result shows that thekinematic time delay can be neglected as compared with other error sources. The accuracy of the coordinates is not only influenced by the amplitude of the error, but also controlled by the operation parameters such as flight height, scanning angle amplitude and attitude magnitude of the platform.     

Analysis of systematic error influences on accuracy of airborne laser scanning altimetry

The error sources related to the laser rangefinder, GPS and INS are analyzed in details. Several coordinates systems used in airborne laser scanning are set up, and then the basic formula of system is given. This paper emphasizes on discussing the kinematic offset correction between GPS antenna phase center and laser fired point. And kinematic time delay influence on laser footprint position, the ranging errors, positioning errors, attitude errors and integration errors of the system are also explored. Finally, the result shows that the kinematic time delay can be neglected as compared with other error sources. The accuracy of the coordinates is not only influenced by the amplitude of the error, but also controlled by the operation parameters such as flight height, scanning angle amplitude and attitude magnitude of the platform.     

跨断层形变测量动态数据模型的研究

本文主要讨论了在已知气温、地温、降雨等主要气象参数的前提下,如何运用时间序列分析方法处理跨断层观测数据,其中对混合回归方程的建立,模型方程与地震异常之间的联系以及对可能包含异常信息的观测数据进行计算和分析,结合两个实例做了较系统的探讨。此外还提出了用GM(1,1)模型对残差进行修正的灰色动态数据模型。实际应用表明上述做法是形变数据处理的一个有力工具。