FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in Chi-na. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifi-cally in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.     

基于遥感与GIS的区域生态环境评价方法的研究

在对某地区进行生态环境评价研究过程中,往往很难准确合理地确定各类评价指标的权重。层次分析(AHP)与模糊数学(fuzzy mathematics) 综合评判法是根据模糊数学的隶属度理论把定性评价转化为定量评价,建立模糊综合评价模型。确定地区的生态环境健康指标体系,分为目标层、准则层和指标层,并选取实验区的各类生态指标。采用组合赋权法确定各层次权重,然后计算出各指标的权重建立模糊综合评价模型,最后根据提取的遥感数据完成地区生态环境评价分级。运用基于AHP与模糊数学的综合评判法确定评价指标的权重,在GIS平台上对各评价指标进行加权叠加,得到地区生态环境的等级评价图,实现了地区生态环境评价。研究结果表明,使用该方法确定地区生态环境各指标权重所得的评价分级是与现实吻合的,这对于评价和保护地区生态环境具有现实意义。     

模糊数学在海（咸）水入侵水质评价中的应用—以寿光地区为例

运用模糊数学的基本思想方法,结合海(咸)水入侵的特点,依据寿光地区2015年丰水期地下水水质监测结果,选取Cl-、矿化度、咸化系数、钠吸附比等4项水化学指标作为评价因子,构建模糊综合评价数学模型,对寿光海(咸)水入侵现状进行了模糊综合评价,并验证了此模糊综合评价结果的可靠性。     

ANALYSIS OF LAND BRIDGE TRANSPORTATION

Land bridge transportation means transportation from one seaport to another by railway across continents instead of by ocean ship. At present, there are two common routes for using land bridge transportation in the world. One is Asia-America-Europe land bridge, the other is Europe-Asia land bridge.Eurasia land bridge has obvious advantages over Asia-America-Europe land bridge due to its shorter distance, shorter transportation time and special freight rate. China started Eurasia land bridge transportation business in 1980. It mainly used the mode of railway-railway combined transportation. The comparison between using Eurasia land bridge and using shipping transportation from China to Northern and Western Europe shows that Euraria land bridge transportation can save time and get foreign exchange in time, and commodity turnover will be speeded up. According to the port layout and railway network structure, China's land bridge transportation projects are proposed. They are Suifenhe project, Dalian project     

Integrating multisource RS data and GIS techniques to assist the evaluation of resource-environment carrying capacity in karst mountainous area

The karst mountainous area is an ecologically fragile region with prominent humanland contradictions. The resource-environment carrying capacity(RECC) of this region needs to be further clarified. The development of remote sensing(RS) and geographic information system(GIS) provides data sources and processing platform for RECC monitoring. This study analyzed and established the evaluation index system of RECC by considering particularity in the karst mountainous area of Southwest China; processed multisource RS data(Sentinel-2, Aster-DEM and Landsat-8) to extract the spatial distributions of nine key indexes by GIS techniques(information classification, overlay analysis and raster calculation); proposed the methods of index integration and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the RECC by GIS; and took a typical area, Guangnan County in Yunnan Province of China, as an experimental area to explore the effectiveness of the indexes and methods. The results showed that:(1) The important indexes affecting the RECC of karst mountainous area are water resources, tourism resources, position resources, geographical environment and soil erosion environment.(2) Data on cultivated land, construction land, minerals, transportation, water conservancy, ecosystem services, topography, soil erosion and rocky desertification can be obtained from RS data. GIS techniques integrate the information into the RECC results. The data extraction and processing methods are feasible on evaluating RECC.(3) The RECC of Guangnan County was in the mid-carrying level in 2018. The midcarrying and low-carrying levels were the main types, accounting for more than 80.00% of the total study area. The areas with high carrying capacity were mainly distributed in the northern regions of the northwest-southeast line of the county, and other areas have a low carrying capacity comparatively. The coordination between regional resource-environment status and socioeconomic development is the key to improve RECC. This study explores the evaluation index system of RECC in karst mountainous area and the application of multisource RS data and GIS techniques in the comprehensive evaluation. The methods can be applied in related fields to provide suggestions for data/information extraction and integration, and sustainable development.     

APPLYING PPE MODEL BASED ON RAGA TO CLASSIFY AND EVALUATE SOIL GRADE

The research of soil classification and soil grade evaluation is often based on fuzzy theory .So ,the tradition-al method has an inevitable problem about weight matrix which given by some experts ,and the final result can be influ-enced by artificial factors.The essentials of fuzzy synthetically judge is to handle the data of high dimension.That is to reducing the dimension number.The weight matrix in fuzzy theory is corresponding to low dimension projection value of each index.But we canˊt define whether the weight matrix given by experts is the best projection value or not.So,the authors apply a new technique of falling dimension named projection pursuit to soil study,through using the improved re-al coding based accelerating genetic algorithm to optimize the projection direction.Thus,it can transfer multi-dimension data into one dimension data,through searching for the optimum projection direction to realize the soil classification and its grade evaluation.The method can avoid the artificial disturbance,and acquire preferably effect.Thus,the paper pro-vides a new method to the research of soil classification and grade evaluation.     

基于FCM算法的BDS三频载波相位组合观测值优化选取

针对传统GNSS载波相位组合观测值选取过程中效率低、工作量大的问题,在对BDS三频载波相位组合观测值的波长标准、电离层延迟标准、观测噪声标准进行误差分析的基础上,以长波长、弱电离层、弱观测噪声标准作为聚类指标,采用模糊C均值聚类算法对BDS三频载波相位组合观测值进行优化分类选取,最后通过矩阵变换法和实测数据对优化组合进行整周模糊度解算,对组合模糊度方差-协方差阵以及历元间模糊度差值进行分析,证明该方法的可行性和可靠性。     

Optimal livelihood strategy for different poverty groups among farmers: a case study of the Qin-Ba Mountain area in South-Shaanxi,China

Achieving sustainable livelihood is the ultimate goal of poverty alleviation efforts in mountainous areas,and selecting an optimal livelihood strategy for different poverty-type farmers greatly improves farmers’livelihood capital,resists livelihood risks,and promotes sustainable development.For farmers,optimal livelihood strategy means better employment opportunities,higher family income(or better income structure),and stronger employability or development potential.This paper classifies different types of farmers’poverty on the basis of a quantitative evaluation of farmers’livelihood capital in the Qin-ba Mountain Area in South-Shaanxi by using the k-means clustering method and subsequently the fuzzy evaluation method to evaluate the effectiveness of farmers’livelihood strategies.Then,the multi-attribute decision-making model is used to analyze the selection of optimal livelihood strategies for different poverty-type farmers.The results suggest a significant difference in the selection of the optimal livelihood strategy for different poverty-type farmers.Farmers without financial and human capital choose to"go out to work,"farmers lacking natural capital choose to"acquire social insurance and government relief,"farmers without physical capital choose to"use loans,"and farmers lacking social capital choose to"use savings."Studying the selection of optimal livelihood strategies for different poverty-type farmers can help to propose targeted sustainable livelihood optimization programs for farmers and accelerate efforts to overcome poverty in mountainous areas.     

基于指标规范变换的室内空气质量突变模糊指数公式

为克服传统的突变模糊公式用于室内空气评价不能普适、通用的局限,适当设定指标参照值和指标值的规范变换式,使室内空气同级标准不同指标的规范值差异尽可能小,从而用规范值表示的各指标皆与某个规范指标等效。因此任意多项指标的室内空气质量的突变模型均可用若干个尖点突变和(或)燕尾突变两种突变模型组合表示。用突变模糊指数公式对2个室内空气质量评价结果与实况相符合,基于指标规范变换的室内空气质量突变模糊指数公式具有形式简洁、计算简单和普适通用的特点。     

广东沿岸海域交通环境安全定量评价

选择不良能见度、台风、强风、大波高、航行环境等5项,作为影响海域交通环境安全的评价因素,从环境潜在危险度很低、低、中、高、很高5个层次,应用专家调查法、层次分析法和模糊综合评判方法,对广东沿海的汕头、深圳、湛江3个海上搜救站所辖海域交通环境潜在危险度进行定量分析和评价,结果显示:广东沿岸海域交通环境潜在危险度属于中等。     

遥感影像监督分割评价指标比较与分析

遥感影像空间分辨率的不断提高,一方面为使用者提供了更加丰富的地物信息,另一方面却也加大了信息准确高效提取的难度。影像分割是遥感影像目标提取的关键步骤,影像分割的效果直接影响信息提取的精度和准度。面对众多分割算法,影像分割效果评价成为遥感信息提取和目标识别研究的重点之一。面向典型目标识别问题,本文针对遥感影像监督分割评价问题,从实验的角度讨论其中具有代表性的面积匹配指数、相似尺寸指标、相关区域指标、质量合格率、欧氏距离指标1、欧氏距离指标2、面积差异指数和距离指标的实际性能与适用情况。首先,通过一系列实验测算不同分割方法下的影像与参考影像的差异情况,讨论测算结果并评估差异指标的优缺点;然后,通过对比分析与加权计算,提出了遥感影像监督分割综合评价方法,实验表明该方法在一定程度上有助于分割方法的科学选择以及影像信息提取效率的提高;最后,从评价指标与分割方法2个角度系统分析了实验结果,并指出了影像监督分割评价存在的问题以及发展趋势。     

EO-1 Hyperion高光谱数据的质量评价

本文以影像的客观评价方法对扬州地区一景Hyperion影像的L1R数据进行质量评价。主要采用辐射精度、信息量、清晰度、信噪比等指标对图像质量进行分析,经过评价认为,影像获取时受到成像环境和天气的影响,可用波段数量可能产生一定范围的浮动。本文的影像存在44个未定标波段,25个受水汽影响波段,而SWIR130以后的波段中存在大量噪声。影像信息主要集中于VNIR和SWIR波长较短范围的约94个波段内,该范围内影像质量较高,能发挥高光谱分辨率优势,并为正确还原光谱信息提供可能。影像数据中存在的条带现象和辐射畸变经过一定处理去除后,在农业调查、监测、管理,森林覆盖、灾害预警,地质调查,找油以及海洋水色研究等领域将有良好的应用前景。     

多层次多粒度OSM路网目标数据质量综合评估方法研究

针对以往OpenStreetMap（OSM）数据质量评价中只考虑片面评价指标或只考虑单一层次评估对象的不足,本文选取典型研究区,以来自政府规划机构的权威数据集作为参照数据,基于模糊综合评价法,设计了质量评价指标与空间层次相结合的多层次多粒度OSM路网目标数据质量评估模型,从单一目标、群组目标和整体目标3个粒度,集成构建集个体数量控制与群体结构控制于一体的数据质量评估指标体系,并解决评估模型中隶属度确定与最优组合权重赋权的关键技术问题,实现了宏观与微观相结合、全局与局部相结合的OSM数据质量的多维度多层次综合度量。实验结果表明,该方法具有可行性和实用性,可为基于VGI数据源实现相关行业应用提供实证依据和可靠的数据质量评估方法。     

Impact of estuarine reclamation projects on saltwater intrusion and freshwater resource

Estuarine projects can change local topography and influence water transport and saltwater intrusion. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary is a multichannel estuary, and four major reclamation projects have been implemented in the Changjiang River estuary in recent years: the Xincun Shoal reclamation project (RP-XCS), the Qingcao Shoal reclamation project (RP-QCS), the Eastern Hengsha Shoal reclamation project (RP-EHS), and the Nanhui Shoal reclamation project (RP-NHS). The effects of the four reclamation projects and each project on the saltwater intrusion and water resources in the Changjiang River estuary were simulated in a 3D numerical model. Results show that for a multichannel estuary, local reclamation projects change the local topography and water diversion ratio (WDR) between channels and influence water and salt transport and freshwater utilization in the estuary. During spring tide, under the cumulative effect of the four reclamation projects, the salinity decreases by approximately 0.5 in the upper reaches of the North Branch and increases by 0.5–1.0 in the middle and lower reaches of the North Branch. In the North Channel, the salinity decreases by approximately 0.5. In the North Passage, the salinity increases by 0.5–1.0. In the South Passage, the salinity increases by approximately 0.5 in the upper reaches and decreases by 0.2–0.5 on the north side of the middle and lower reaches. During neap tide, the cumulative effects of the four reclamation projects and the individual projects are similar to those during spring tide, but there are some differences. The effects of an individual reclamation project on WDR and saltwater intrusion during spring and neap tides are simulated and analyzed in detail. The cumulative effect of the four reclamation projects favors freshwater usage in the Changjiang River estuary.

     

江汉平原浅层地下水防污性能模糊综合评价与验证

为开展江汉平原浅层地下水防污性能评价,以江汉平原沙洋-旧口地区浅层地下水为研究对象,针对传统DRASTIC模型评价指标存在关联性、权重主观性强、评分值缺乏连续性以及评价结果缺乏实测数据验证等缺点,考虑研究区实际条件,建立了基于改进DRASTIC模型的模糊综合评价模型,并利用研究区浅层地下水关键污染因子Cl-、NO₃-和NH₄+实测数据验证了模型的准确性和可靠性。该模型使用包气带黏性土厚度代替包气带介质指标,含水层厚度代替含水层介质指标、土壤饱和渗透系数代替土壤介质指标,采用全定量评价指标体系,评价指标更加客观、合理;采用三标度层次分析方法确定各评价指标权重,减少了传统DRASTIC模型人为确定权重的主观性;在改进的DRASTIC模型基础上,引入模糊数学理论,以隶属度函数代替传统DRASTIC模型固定评分值,克服了传统DRASTIC模型使用定额评分带来的不连续性。模糊综合评价结果表明:研究区浅层地下水防污性能整体表现为差-较差,占研究区总面积的76.53%。研究结果可为平原地区开展浅层地下水脆弱性评价提供方法参考,为江汉平原浅层地下水污染防治工作提供科学依据。      

利用灰色关联度进行煤层底板突水危险性综合评价的研究与应用

煤层底板水害一直是困扰煤矿安全生产的重要问题之一,选择合理准确的评价方法对煤层底板突水危险性进行评价,对于指导煤矿安全生产有着重要意义。灰色关联度分析法以数据序列为研究对象,现实求各个方案与由最佳指标组成的理想方案的关联系数,再由关联系数得到关联度的方法。将灰色关联度分析法应用到煤层底板突水危险性评价中,建立评价单元与参考序列之间的灰色关联度矩阵,通过引入权重的方式,改进邓氏灰色关联度的计算方法,以保证得到的最终综合评价结果更为准确。     

岩溶水流系统识别方法及其在引调水工程隧洞选线中的应用

某国家重大引调水工程引水隧洞将穿越聚龙山向斜可溶岩地层，可能面临严重岩溶涌突水问题。为了查明隧洞突涌水条件，选择岩溶水害风险较低的引水方案，综合采用岩溶水文地质调查、水化学与同位素分析等方法对聚龙山向斜岩溶水流系统特征进行了识别。结果表明:聚龙山向斜含水系统具有"两含夹一隔"的多层结构，下部二叠系主要为埋藏型岩溶弱发育区，而上部三叠系裸露型岩溶区中发育了具有多级水流系统的巨型岩溶汇水盆地。穿聚龙山向斜段工程论证的3个方案中，A线方案从向斜西段岩溶水系统的补给区穿越，隧洞穿可溶岩段长度短、且全部为埋藏型岩溶，剖面上绕避了三叠系岩溶汇水盆地，发生岩溶涌突水的风险低；而B线方案和C线方案均进入了三叠系岩溶汇水盆地，穿越裸露型可溶岩段的长度大，遭遇高压岩溶突水的风险高，故推荐A线引水方案。研究成果可为引水隧洞线路比选提供科学依据，对类似深埋长隧洞工程建设也具有参考价值。      

鹊山水库输水穿黄工程中沉井和顶管技术的应用

鹊山水库输水穿黄工程系济南市引黄供水鹊山水库工程的重要组成部分.本文介绍了沉井、顶管施工工艺在输水穿黄工程中的应用;分析了输水穿黄工程存在的主要工程地质问题及施工中采用的主要技术措施.     

活断层工程地质分类及其评价

本文论述了当前工程地质学界所急待解决的活断层问题,讨论了活断层的定义及其划分标志,提出了活断层工程地质分类原则和评价原则以及具体的评价方法。这对解决一些重大工程项目如核电站、高能加速器装置、大型水力枢纽和火力发电厂等的选址以及城市建设规划布局等都具有重要的工程地质学意义。     

山东省济南东部某大厦地下车库涌水机理初探

随着城市建设的不断加大,地下空间开发程度越来越深,伴随着基坑的开挖越来越深,城市的扩展不可避免地对地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件产生影响,而水文地质条件的改变又反过来影响制约人类的活动,甚至引发工程安全问题。该文以济南某建设项目为例,通过水文地质勘查、地球物理勘探、水位动态模拟、地下水取样等手段,研究分析近年来该建设项目周边地下水补径排条件的改变对区域地下水位的影响,以及水文地质条件的变化对建设项目工程的制约。结果表明,由于地下工程开挖、大气降水、保泉政策等因素影响,地下构筑物的开挖阻断了唯一的排泄通道,该建设项目周边地下水渗流场发生变化,由此造成项目区周边地下水位大幅上升,超过前期设计的抗浮设防水位,并对地下构筑物产生了破坏。研究结果对周边类似建设项目的选址及地下空间的开挖具有一定的指导意义。