河北怀来—涿鹿盆地更新世岩石地层和生物地层特征及时代

河北怀来－涿鹿盆地更新统自下而上划分为泥河湾组、官厅组、马兰组和吉家营组个组,其中吉家营组为一新建立的岩石地层单位。通过详细的生物地层学研究,共划分出３个介形虫化石组合带、３个瓣鳃类及腹足类化石组合带和８个孢粉组合带,结合各组同位素年龄数据,对其形成时代进行了探讨。     

内蒙古扎赉特旗中二叠统岩石地层、生物地层特征及沉积环境分析

对扎赉特旗地区塔本毛都和查干楚鲁一带出露的四甲山组、柳条沟组进行了实测和系统采样。根据生物化石组合的特征将其划分为3个生物组合带,即Monodiexodina-Parafusulina,Codonofusiella-Pseudodoliolina组合带,Waagenophyllum-Wentzelella珊瑚组合带。它...     

羌塘盆地北部马料山侏罗纪布曲组地层古生物及沉积环境

详细描述了羌塘盆地北部乌兰乌拉湖地区马料山侏罗系剖面,将剖面划分为雀莫错组、布曲组和夏里组3个岩石地层单位,其中布曲组出露齐全,化石丰富。根据沉积环境及相对海平面变化规律将布曲组划分为2个沉积层序,并讨论了各体系域特征。依据马料山剖面布曲组的生物组合及分布特征建立了1个双壳类生物组合带即Chlamystipperi-Protocardiastricklandi组合带,并细分为3个组合亚带,其时限为中侏罗世巴通期。     

贵州石炭纪生物地层

贵州石炭系可划分成三个岩石地层区并将该系分成2个统7个阶。下石炭统由4个区域性阶和1个有孔虫组合、4个珊瑚化石带(及9个亚带)、11个腕足类组合带组成;上石炭统划分3个区域性阶和9个(竹蜓)类化石带(及2个亚带)、4个菊石带。根据有孔虫、牙形石研究,贵州石炭系底界至少接近于珊瑚Cystophrentis带顶部附近。     

藏南吉隆地区二叠纪生物地层

藏南吉隆地区二叠系主要为一套中厚层状碳酸盐岩、石英砂岩夹泥质岩岩性组合,产丰富的腕足类、珊瑚、苔藓虫、菊石及海百合茎、遗迹化石等多门类化石,包括5个腕足动物组合、1个菊石带、2个珊瑚组合、1个海百合化石层、1个遗迹化石层。根据岩性二叠系划分为基龙组和曲布日嘎组。基龙组时代相当于早二叠世阿丁斯克期—萨克马尔期。曲布日嘎组时代以栖霞期—茅口期为主,顶部可能包括部分吴家坪期。     

塔里木盆地草湖凹陷白垩纪湖相地层

塔里木盆地草湖凹陷白垩系皆分布于井下,以陆相沉积为主,下统自下而上为亚格列木组、舒善河组、巴西盖组与巴什基奇克组;首次发现上白垩统并命名为古城墟组。这套湖相地层中化石稀少,仅舒善河组中可划分出介形类Minheella-Damonella-Darwinula组合带,孢粉Classopollis-Lygodiumsporites-Schizaeosporites组合带和Dicheiropollis-Classopollis-Lygodiumsporites组合带。草湖凹陷白垩系以满2井序列最齐全且各单元岩电识别特征明显,可划分为3个Ⅱ级层序和6个Ⅲ级层序,湖盆沉积区的扩展以及各组横向分布明显的时空差异性强烈受燕山晚期构造运动的控制。     

华北地层大区东南区寒武纪早期地层对比与统一划分

华北地层大区东南区的寒武纪早期地层 ,宜统一划分为6个三叶虫化石带(Shantungaspis,Yaojiayuella ,Qiaotouaspis,Redlichia(Pteroredlichia) ,Megapalaeolenus和Hsuaspis)和3个组(毛庄组、馒头组和猴家山组)。毛庄组包含Shantungaspis带 ,Yaojiayuella带和Qiaotouaspis带一部分 ,馒头组包含Qiaotouaspis带大部分、Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)带和Megapaeolenus带 ,猴家山组仅含Hsuapis带。前2带属毛庄阶 ,第3、4带属龙王庙阶 ,后2带属沧浪铺阶。中、下寒武统界线划在毛庄阶与龙王庙阶即Yaojiayuella带与Qiaotouaspis带之间。毛庄组属下—中寒武统 ,其它2组属下寒武统。按各组的岩层组合特征 ,统一划分为15个岩性段     

南雄盆地西部地区地层研究新进展

通过１：５００００区域地质调查和７条地层剖面的实测,将南雄盆地西部地区白垩一下第三系分为南雄群（大凤组、主田组、浈水组）、罗佛寨群（上湖组、浓山组、古城村组）和丹霞组等２群７组,建立了区的岩石地层层序。丹霞组是南雄群和罗佛寨 群的同时异相地层。在南在雄盆地西部地区发现大量介形虫、轮藻化石和少量半咸水有孔虫化石,划分为４个介形虫动物群（１４个组合带）和３个轮藻植物群（１１个组合带）,首次建立该区微化     

广西全州地区晚泥盆世牙形石和腕足类生物地层

广西东北部泥盆系发育良好,化石丰富,对研究中国华南地区泥盆纪生物地层具有重要意义。对广西全州地区东山剖面上泥盆统佘田桥组、锡矿山组和孟公坳组进行了系统的化石采集及室内分析,共获得104枚牙形石化石和34件腕足类化石。经鉴定,牙形石共21属19种,腕足类化石共6属9种。根据化石种属在东山剖面上的分布,自下而上可划分出8个牙形石带:Icriodus brecis带,Schmidtognathus hermanni-Polygnathus cristatus带,Schmidtognatus wittekindtii带,Palmatolepis linguiformis带,Palmatolepis triangularis带,Palmatolepis rhomboidea带,Icriodus cornutus带和Palmatolepis gracilis manca-Rhodalepis polylophodontiformis带,指示研究区内佘田桥组、锡矿山组、孟公坳组分别对应国际年代地层单位的弗拉斯阶上部、法门阶下部和法门阶中上部,并通过Palmatolepis triangularis的首现确立了该地区弗拉斯阶和法门阶(F-F)的界线;在东山剖面共划分出2个腕足类组合带:弓石燕(Cyrtospirifer)组合带和云南贝(Yunnanella)-帐幕石燕(Tenticosififer)组合带,它们分别与东山剖面中牙形石Palmatolepis falsiovalis-Palmatolepis linguiformis带、Palmatolepis rhomboidea-Palmatolepis marginifera带对应。     

四川洪雅联合地区芦山组地层的发现及生物组合特征

本文在四川洪雅联合向斜原白垩系灌口组地层中新发现了古近系芦山组地层,并详细描述了洪雅联合地区芦山组实测地层剖面。结合前人研究资料讨论了川西地区芦山组的空间分布、岩性组合特征及沉积环境。根据化石组合及分布规律,在芦山组地层中划分出一个介形虫组合带(Pinnocypris-Limnocythere-Ilyocypris组合带)和两个轮藻组合带(Gyrogona qianjiangic-Obtusochara jianglingensi组合带及Maedlerisphaera chinensis-Obtasochara brevicylindrica组合带),据此推断川西地区芦山组的地质时代为晚始新世-中渐新世。     

河北坝上地区植硅体空间分布特征及其环境意义

了解不同区域表土植硅体组合特征及其对气候环境的响应过程，是利用植硅体指标恢复古植被和古气候的基础。本文通过对河北坝上地区103块表土植硅体的分析鉴定，共统计出棒型、尖型、帽型、鞍型、哑铃型、齿型、块状、扁平状、扇型、三棱柱型、锥骨状、导管型、弓型和特殊型14种植硅体类型，其中植硅体类型主要以棒型和尖型为主，而短细胞植硅体的含量较少。通过研究区相对暖湿区、暖干区、冷湿区和冷干区的表土植硅体组合特征对比发现，在相对较冷的区域棒型量含量较高，在相对较暖的区域扇型、扁平状和鞍型含量较高，在相对较湿的区域尖型含量较高，在相对暖湿的区域块状含量较高，在相对冷湿的区域齿型含量较高，这表明研究区表土植硅体组合特征对气候环境响应较为敏感。本研究成果可为重建坝上地区古植被和古气候提供基础资料。     

Changes of planktonic and benthic foraminiferal assemblages in upper quaternary sediments of the Deryugin Basin, Sea of Okhotsk

The analysis of foraminiferal assemblages in sediments that were deposited during the last 30 kyr revealed similar patterns in their distribution in the central and marginal parts of the Deryugin Basin. The similar composition of foraminifers through the entire basin implies similarity in natural environments within its limits. The absence of benthic foraminifers or extreme impoverishment of the assemblages during the maximum of the last glaciation could result from a combination of several factors: drastic decrease in bioproductivity due to general cooling, development of bottom anoxia, and presumably unfavorable influence of seeps on geochemical parameters of bottom waters. The weak activity of barite-methane seeps in the central part of the basin during the Holocene is evident from some variations in the structure of benthic foraminiferal assemblages against the background of their similar taxonomic compositions.     

Salt Crystallization Sequences of Nonmarine Brine and Their Application for the Formation of Potassium Deposits

The salt assemblages precipitated during evaporation of concentrated brine collected from Gasikule Salt Lake (GSL) were studied to better understand the formation of potassium deposits in the Qaidam Basin. The study included isothermal evaporation at 25 °C in the laboratory and solar evaporation in the ponds at GSL field. Brines increased in density and became moderately acidic (pH?≈?5.30) while major ion geochemistry and precipitate mineralogy all showed broad agreement between both systems. Four salt assemblages were identified in the isothermal evaporation experiment: halite?→?halite?+?hexahydrite?→?halite?+?bischofite?+?carnallite?→?bischofite. Alternately, three salt assemblages were recognized in the solar evaporation: halite?→?halite?+?epsomite?+?carnallite?→?halite?+?carnallite?+?bischofite. The key difference in salt assemblages between the two systems is attributed to differences in relative humidity and temperature conditions. Although the GSL has deep spring inflow recharge, the high abundance of MgSO₄ salts demonstrates that the salt assemblages are similar to normal seawater evaporation. Thus, different proportions of deep spring inflow and river water could form both MgSO₄-deficient potassium evaporite and normal seawater potassium evaporites. Therefore, nonmarine water may form diverse potassium evaporite deposits in continental basins when the geological structure as well as hydrogeological and climatic conditions is appropriate.     

Buffering in the assemblage staurolite-aluminium silicate-biotite-garnet-chlorite

Abstract The assemblage muscovite-quartz-staurolite-aluminium silicate-biotite-garnet-chlorite with H₂O (SABGC assemblage) is invariant in the K₂O-FeO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O (KFMASH) system. Such five-phase AFM assemblages should be absent in nature, but reported occurrences from at least ten localities suggest that either the assemblage internally controls μH₂O or non-KFMASH components stabilize one or more of the phases. Least-squares regression analysis of minerals from South Royalton and Gassetts, Vermont, USA, demonstrates that subsets of the minerals in single SABGC assemblages from both localities are related by balanced reactions involving water. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the subassemblages fixed μH₂O at an arbitrary, specified pressure and temperature. Balanced dehydration reactions also may be written between minerals in the SABGC assemblages and four-phase assemblages from the same outcrops interpreted to have equilibrated at the same pressures and temperatures as the five-phase assemblages. These results suggest that different specimens from the same outcrops equilibrated at different values of μH₂O, supporting the conclusion that μH₂O was not controlled externally. We could not demonstrate internal control of fo₂ using measured mineral compositions because oxygen balance occurred in all reactions derived by regression. Regression analysis of published mineral compositions from New Mexico failed to identify balanced reactions involving water or oxygen either among the phases in a single SABGC assemblage or between SABGC and nearby four-phase assemblages. These results demonstrate that neither μH₂O nor fo₂ were fixed by the SABGC assemblages at these localities, and permit the interpretations that the assemblages were stabilized by the non-KFMASH components Na or Ca and that μH₂O and fo₂ were controlled externally.     

Chironomids as indicators of the Holocene climatic and environmental history of two lakes in Northeast Greenland

Schmidt, S., Wagner, B., Heiri, O., Klug, M., Bennike, O. & Melles, M. 2010: Chironomids as indicators of the Holocene climatic and environmental history of two lakes in Northeast Greenland. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00173.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Two Holocene sediment sequences from arctic lakes on Store Koldewey, an island in Northeast Greenland, were investigated for fossil chironomid assemblages. A total of 18 and 21 chironomid taxa were identified in 290‐ and 252‐cm‐long sediment sequences from Duck Lake and Hjort Lake, respectively. The chironomid assemblages were very similar in the two lakes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to compare fossil chironomid assemblages from Store Koldewey with chironomid assemblages and environmental conditions presently found in Canadian Arctic lakes and, hence, to infer environmental changes for Northeast Greenland. The first chironomids appeared at c. 9500 cal. a BP in Hjort Lake, and 500 years later in Duck Lake. Taxa typical for cold and nutrient‐poor arctic lakes dominated the earliest assemblages. Chironomid assemblages with taxa typical of higher summer air temperatures and lakes with higher nutrient availability occur between 8000 and 5000 cal. a BP. This period probably marks the regional Holocene thermal maximum, which is relatively late compared with some palaeoenvironmental records from East Greenland. One possible reason could be the location of Store Koldewey at the very outer coast, with local climatic conditions strongly influenced by the cold East Greenland Current. From around 5000 cal. a BP, chironomid assemblages in Duck Lake and Hjort Lake again became more typical of those presently found in Northeast Greenland, indicating relatively cold and nutrient‐poor conditions. This shift coincides with an increase of ice‐rafting debris off East Greenland and an intensification of the East Greenland Current.     

埕北断坡区油气成藏组合特征及分布规律

根据生、储、盖的基本特征,埕北断坡区主要划分为下部组合（中生界及其以下地层储、盖组合）、中部组合（沙河街组及东营组储、盖组合）和上部组合（馆陶组及明化镇组储、盖组合）等3类油气成藏组合,以及由这3类油气成藏组合派生的下部-中部和中部-上部油气成藏组合。各个油气成藏组合具有不同的油气成藏特征。由于构造运动的影响,埕北断坡区由北向南地层、沉积产生差异,生、储、盖的发育也出现差异：导致下部及下部-中部油气成藏组合主要分布在邻近凹陷的地区,即第一、第二台阶区;中部油气成藏组合主要分布在第二、第三台阶区;而上部及中部-上部油气成藏组合则主要分布在第三台阶区、南部斜坡区。     

Transition of metamorphic series from the Kyanite- to andalusite-types in the Altai orogen, Xinjiang, China: Evidence from petrography and calculated KMnFMASH and KFMASH phase relations

Metamorphic zones in the Chinese Altai orogen have previously been separated into the kyanite- and andalusite-types, the andalusite-type being spatially more extensive. The kyanite-type involves a zonal sequence of biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite and, locally, garnet–cordierite zones. The andalusite-type zonal sequence is similar: it includes biotite, garnet and staurolite zones at lower-T conditions and sillimanite and garnet–cordierite zones at higher-T conditions, but additionally contains staurolite–andalusite and andalusite–sillimanite zones at intermediate-T conditions. As relic kyanite-bearing assemblages commonly persist in the staurolite–andalusite, andalusite–sillimanite and sillimanite zones, it is not clear that the distinction is valid. On the basis of a reevaluation of phase relations modelled in KMnFMASH and KFMASH pseudosections, kyanite and andalusite-bearing rocks of the Chinese Altai orogen record, respectively, the typical burial and exhumation history of the terrane. Mineral assemblages distributed through the various zones reflect a mix of portions of the ambient P–T array and the effects of evolving P–T conditions. The comparatively low-T biotite, garnet and staurolite zones mostly preserve kyanite-type peak assemblages that only experienced minor changes during exhumation. Rocks in the comparatively high-T sillimanite and garnet–cordierite zones are dominated by mineral assemblages of a transitional sillimanite type, having formed by the extensive modification of earlier higher pressure assemblages during exhumation. Only rocks in the intermediate-T kyanite and probably some lower sillimanite zones were clearly recrystallized by late stage andalusite metamorphism, producing the staurolite–andalusite and andalusite–sillimanite zones. This andalusite metamorphism could not reach an equilibrium state because of limited fluid availability.     

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉研究

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉具有非常完美的结构分带,从边部到核心可以划分出9个共生结构带。本文主要利用前人资料,从该伟晶岩脉的主元素、造岩矿物以及包裹体等角度对各结构带进行了研究,探讨了稀土元素在各带中的分布模式以及演化特征,并对3号岩脉的岩浆~岩浆热液演化阶段和地球化学阶段的划分作了修改。     

History of the Formation of the Tsentral'noe Titanium–Zirconium Sand Deposit in the European Part of Russia

Based on the study of the Tsentral'noe deposit, specific features of the formation of mineral assemblages of complex titanium–zirconium placers are considered. The placers formed during the multiple redeposition of clastogenic minerals from source rocks and younger sedimentary rocks (intermediate collectors of titanium–zirconium minerals). The location of erosion and sedimentation zones significantly varied in the Phanerozoic in the adjacent region, resulting in the development of intricate relationships between different-aged terrigenous rocks (possible intermediate collectors) that provided the formation of new mineral assemblages of clastogenic ore minerals. In addition, erosional processes during the continental evolution of the study region could promote the exposure of more ancient rock complexes, the local washout of crystalline basement rocks, and the delivery of ore minerals from the latter rocks to the coastal zone of sedimentary basins. The aim of this communication is to attract the attention of researchers to the issue of the formation of mineral assemblages of complex placers of heavy minerals with similar hydraulic grain dimension and migration capacity for concentration in a rather narrow grain size range. Such mineral assemblages only slightly inherit the primary compositional features of provenances and primarily reflect changes in the sedimentation environment.     

鄂西地区早奥陶世分乡期生物群落演化与沉积环境变迁

鄂西地区下奥陶统分乡组生物群按其生态特征划分为3个生态组合,10个化石群落或埋藏群:(1)壳相组合:Tritoechia-Pelmatozan群落?Tritoechia-Pomatotrema群落;(2)礁相组合:Archaeoscyahia群落?Ar-chaeoscyphia-Calathium群落?Batostoma-pelmatoxoan群落?Batostoma群落?Calathium-蓝绿藻群落;(3)静水相组合:Acanthograptus-Dendrograptus群落?Nanorthis-Psilocephalina埋藏群?Yichangopora?群落?它们之间随环境变化显示出由壳相组合→礁相组合→静水相组合→壳相?礁相组合的演化序列,造礁生物之间也存在着一定的演替和取代?群落演化特征反映了研究区分乡期至红花园期沉积环境演变过程是一个海水不断加深复又变浅的海侵-海退旋回,这与早奥陶世特马豆克晚期至阿伦尼格早期世界性海平面升降过程是完全一致的