中国优质锰矿地质与勘查

冶金地质部门为了保障冶金工业的可持续发展,制订出"优质锰矿"质量标准,把优质锰作为主要勘查对象,对扬子地台周边优质锰矿成矿规律开展研究,并对优质锰矿资源前景进行了科学评价,取得了突破性进展.优质锰矿科研与勘查的密切结合,尤其在新一轮国土资源大调查中,取得重大进展.文章还对我国优质锰矿科研及勘查工作提出了若干建议.     

中国锰矿地质特征与勘查评价

冶金地质部门为了保障国家冶金工业的可持续发展,坚持把锰矿作为重要的勘查对象。冶金地质科技人员对扬子地台周边锰矿成矿规律进行了开拓性研究,并对锰矿资源前景进行了科学评价,取得突破性进展。锰矿科研与勘查的密切结合,尤其在新一轮国土资源大调查、国家科技支撑项目中,取得重大进展。文章最后对我国锰矿科研及勘查工作,提出了若干建议。     

我国优质锰矿的勘查方向

优化锰矿是国家战略资源和紧缺矿种，也是近期地质勘查的主要目标矿种之一。锰矿地质勘查进展和勘查评价技术以及锰矿选冶技术的进步拓展了优质锰矿的勘查工作领域。我国优质锰矿仍有较大的资源潜力。从优质锰矿成矿地质背景，成锰条件，地质工作程度和找矿潜力分析，提出5个重要的找矿远景区作为近期优质锰矿的勘查方向。     

黔东北地区优质锰矿找矿进展与前景展望

黔东北地区优质锰矿产于早震旦世大塘坡早期黑色岩系底部，位于普通锰矿－菱锰矿层的下部。作者在论述区内锰矿成矿的岩相古地理、古构造、成锰盆地特征的基础上，对优质锰矿的分布产出规律进行了分析和论述，并对区内优质锰的潜力进行了评估，可望成为我国重要的优质锰矿勘查开发基地。     

构造对“桃江式”锰矿空间分布的影响及其找矿意义探讨

“桃江式”锰矿系指赋存于湘中地区奥陶系中统磨刀溪组下部页岩中的优质碳酸锰矿。该区奥陶系地层发育,碳酸锰矿体仅赋存于局部奥陶系地层中,其空间分布范围、形态、规模等与构造有关。古构造控制了成锰盆地,同生断裂控制了锰矿体分布形态及规模,成矿后构造又使矿体空间分布发生改变,研究“桃江式”锰矿地质构造特征对在该区开展优质锰矿找矿勘查工作,具有现实的指导意义。     

激发极化法在新疆奥尔托喀讷什一带锰矿区的找矿效果

虽然传统物探方法在大多数金属矿产勘查中都取得了良好的效果,但在锰矿勘查中的应用却相对较少,这主要是由于锰矿与其围岩的地球物理性质和化学性质差异较小,加大了锰矿的勘探难度,尤其是埋深较大、后期改造强烈的一些锰矿床,勘探难度更大,导致进行直接找矿效果并不显著。笔者近几年主要在巴山锰矿带和塔里木盆地西南缘锰多金属矿区采用不同的物探方法进行锰矿勘查工作,在部分矿区取得了较好的勘查效果。本文主要以塔里木盆地西南缘锰多金属矿区的新疆奥尔托喀讷什一带锰矿区为例,主要介绍了采用激发极化法在该工区开展的具体工作情况以及取得的一些成果认识,表明该方法在寻找隐伏含锰层位具有较好的效果。     

甘肃省锰矿地质特征及地质勘查工作建议

甘肃省锰矿具有较好的成矿条件,由于以往锰矿勘查工作薄弱,探明储量不多。如能加大锰矿勘查投入力度,有望在近期实现找矿突破。本文介绍了甘肃省锰矿资源形势、主要地质特征及主要成矿带,提出了对甘肃锰矿勘查的建议。     

我国西部地区矿产资源态势及黑色金属矿产勘查规划建议

我国是钢铁工业大国，解放以来黑色金属矿产勘查取得了举世瞩目的成就。当前，我国进行西部大开发，黑色金属矿产勘查要先行。我国西部地区富铁矿、富锰矿储量约占全国一半，铬矿储量占全国72．6％，加速西部地区黑色金属矿产勘查势在必行。在简述了我国黑色金属矿产勘查的必要性和可能性之后，提出了规划建议。     

贵州遵义深溪大型隐伏锰矿床的发现及成因探讨

贵州遵义地区锰矿自发现以来,开展了不同程度的勘查和科研工作,探明了以铜锣井大型锰矿床为代表的大小矿床10余个,并对锰矿的区域地质背景,矿床地质特征、沉积环境、矿床成因等方面进行了一定研究,取得了很多重要的进展,是我国重要锰矿成矿区,也是贵州省重要的锰矿资源基地。     

新疆锰矿成矿规律研究

最近新疆西昆仑地区锰矿勘查实现重大突破,伴随大型优质锰矿的发现和勘查,锰已成为新疆区域优势金属矿种之一。通过系统收集资料,总结新疆锰矿成矿类型及区域时空规律。指出寒武纪、二叠纪、石炭纪是新疆锰矿成矿的3个重要时代,西昆仑-昆盖山裂谷带、塔里木陆块北部边缘活动带是新疆锰矿成矿的重要构造单元,以海相沉积型锰矿为主要成矿类型。同时,对比中国南方重要锰矿成矿特征,指出新疆奥尔托喀讷什、穆呼锰矿与广西下雷超大型锰矿在地质构造背景、成矿时代、含矿建造、矿石类型等方面均有相似之处,在成矿空间上具某种“亲缘性”。新疆西昆仑穆呼-玛尔坎苏锰矿带具超大型锰矿成矿潜力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861