桩板组合结构的技术特点及应用

介绍了桩板组合结构的组成和特点,及其在实际工程中的应用。该结构可作为滩海地区进海路路堤、人工岛护壁、保滩促淤丁坝和离岸堤主体结构。     

开敞式滩海油田保滩促淤工程研究

分析了飞雁滩油田海区的海洋环境条件,试验研究了不同结构型式潜堤的稳定性和保滩促淤效果,对潜堤的保滩促淤效果和淤积速率进行了预测,对工程布置、潜堤结构方案、基础冲刷防护措施和潜堤顶高程提出了建议．     

吕泗海滩防蚀促淤的试验研究

本文主要对粉砂淤泥质海滩的防蚀促淤工程的促淤效果进行现场试验研究。研究表明:促淤效果与工程对波浪的消减程度有关。所以对这类海岸的防蚀工程主要应采用平行于岸线的离岸堤形式。此外,顺岸潮流也有一定的输沙能力,因此建造一组离岸堤与丁坝相结合的防护工程更为有效。在工程结构上,对于无石料的平原海岸,采用塑料编织袋充填当地海滩砂筑堤是经济有效的工程措施。在风浪弱的地段,辅助于生物保滩促淤措施也是有效的,据观测,大米草种植条件不宜超过1m的波浪。采用工程措施与生物措施相结合的防护措施,也有利于生态环境的良性循环。     

飞雁滩油田保滩促淤先导试验研究

介绍和分析了飞雁滩油田保滩促淤先导试验工程中采用的倒“T”形潜堤结构、初期破坏原因及相应加固措施,初步探讨了潜堤的保滩促淤效果和淤积速率,并对潜堤顶高程设计提出了建议。     

丁坝群和顺岸坝组合工程促淤效果的研究——对浙江瑞安丁山促淤工程的分析

本文以浙江瑞安丁山促淤工程为例,分析了建造在淤泥质海岸上,具有不同坝距的丁坝群和顺岸坝组合工程的促淤效果。从工程坝田内滩面的淤积形态、淤积规律和回淤率三方面来讨论上述问题。在此基础上提出了兴建此类工程的总体布置原则和选择合理结构的意见。     

海堤断面和保滩促淤工程——浙东海堤调查研究之一

本文在对浙东沿海海堤,特别是两次强台风对海堤的破坏,进行调查以及有关试验研究的基础上,总结了浙东海堤和促淤工程建设的经验,并指出存在问题和提出建议。报告之一主要讨论了堤顶高程、断面形式、防浪护坡和保滩促淤工程等问题。有关软基处理和堵口将在报告之二中阐述。     

淤泥质海岸保滩促淤计算及预报

文章首先论述了促淤工程在沙质海岸和淤泥质海岸的不同淤积形态,然后根据淤泥质海岸细颗粒泥沙的悬移、沉降特性,提出了淤泥质海岸促淤工程的淤积计算方法。这一方法不仅在定性上可以解释很多自然现象,而且在定量上也得到了实际工程的初步检验,本方法对淤泥质海岸的海涂围垦和保滩促淤工程设施具有实际意义。     

江苏省吕四岸滩侵蚀分析及整治措施

本文通过对吕四近岸波浪、水流和岸滩变化的观测分析,认为:本区海岸侵蚀的主要原因是泥沙的来源减少,浅滩泥沙在风浪作用下易于掀起,在以落潮流为主的浅滩水流的携带下向外海搬运。浅滩泥沙输移方向自西向东。基于海滩不断下蚀的特点,考虑到波浪、水流对海滩侵蚀均起着重要作用,建议采用分离式离岸堤与丁坝布置相结合的保滩促淤工程。     

软基处理和堵口工程——浙东海堤调查研究之二

在调查研究之一中,已介绍了浙东海堤断面型式以及保滩促淤工程两个问题。本部分将主要讨论软基处理和堵口工程,分析现状并提出建议。     

潜堤结构型式及其透射系数研究

针对胜利油田某保滩促淤工程，进行了多种方案不同潜堤结构型式的优选，比较了其中四种结构型式，并对这四种结构型式的潜堤分别进行了波浪水槽试验，测试其透射系数，在此基础上，给出了计算潜堤透射系数的经验公式，为工程设计提供依据。     

新建水坝对下游已建水工建筑物的影响分析

分析了新建水坝及社会经济发展因素对坝下游水流及泥沙的影响，用一个简易河床模型来说明新建大坝后下游河床的演变规律，通过坝下游河床一般演变分析来阐述局部冲刷对已建水工建筑物基础的影响及对已建水工建筑基础的防护措施。     

Study on Coastal Protection Engineering in the Area of Abandoned Yellow River Mouth

This paper reviews the history of coast evolution and coastal protection in the area of theabandoned Yellow River mouth in Jiangsu Province,analyzes the erosion characteristics and dynamic en-vironment,evaluates the efficiency of coastal protection engineering works and designs the dimensions ofthe main seadike and offshore submerged dam.A gerneral scheme of shore protection for this area is pro-posed.     

废黄河口海岸防护工程规划研究

本文回顾了废黄河口岸段海岸演变及海岸防护的历史过程,分析了本段海岸的侵蚀特征及动力条件,进行了海岸工程防护的效果计算及主海堤和离岸潜堤设计。综合以上各项研究结果,对本海区的海岸防护工程规划具有指导性意义。     

Current countermeasure of beach erosion control and its application in Taiwan

The shoreline of Taiwan is approximately 1100 km long, composed of sandy beach, rocky coast, and reef coast. Almost half of the shoreline has been protected by seawalls, which play an important role for coastal protection and prevent people and infrastructure from coastal hazard. Besides, offshore breakwaters and groynes are also built in the serious erosion coastal shores. All these hard engineering structures made our coastal land safety to some extent at last fifty years. However, until now, the hard engineering structures applied for shore protection do not always work well on all the coasts around Taiwan. Some coastal areas still get eroded seriously with structures being damaged. Furthermore in the recent years, people gradually value the shore protection from different viewpoints, like environment, recreation, and ecology. The objectives of the shore protection are diversified by these new demands.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the strategy on how to conjoint soft solutions into the current hard engineering structures for beach erosion control throughout Taiwan coast. Meanwhile, this paper will also introduce environmentally, user-oriented, and technically sound creditable protection works to meet the new trends of shore protection. For application purpose, two local sites in the southwestern Taiwan coast are selected for field experimental study to integrate the proposed soft solution with hard shore protection system at present. Furthermore for coastal management purpose, this paper also collects and analyzes hydro-morphodynamic data around Taiwan in order to identify beach erosion mechanism. Lastly, the results are presented by database and geographic information system.     

中性网格对圆桩局部冲刷的水动力弱化及防护效果分析

针对水下桩墩的局部冲刷问题,提出一种适用范围广、防冲促淤效果显著的防护措施。该防护措施把一种相对密度略大于水、几何特征特殊的中性网格结构完全覆盖在冲刷坑或可能出现冲刷坑的床面上,以减弱冲刷坑内水动力,促进泥沙落淤,达到减轻局部冲刷的目的。通过数值模拟和水槽试验探讨了中性网格结构对圆桩周围冲刷坑内水动力及床面形态的影响,并研究了网孔尺寸对防冲促淤效果的影响规律。结果表明：该中性网格结构能显著减小局部冲刷坑内的流速,有效抑制局部冲刷,且对桩前来流来沙的影响微弱。孔径比7.7的网格防护结构可以使无黏性沙床上圆桩的局部冲刷深度减少92%,已存在的冲刷坑则可被修复73%。这些研究成果为桩墩局部冲刷防护提供一种新的思路。     

An experimental model application of wavescreen: Dynamic pressure, water particle velocity, and wave measurements

This paper analyses the results of an application of a piled wavescreen. Experimental measurements were undertaken in the laboratory conditions for a given structural configuration under the attack of regular and irregular waves. Dynamic pressure distribution along and around the inclined piles was obtained employing pressure transducers. Using these data, in-line dynamic wave forces acting on piles were also determined. Water particle (orbital) velocities were measured at seaward and landward of the wavescreen using two acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADV) simultaneously. Furthermore, wave data were collected using resistance type wave gauges at the seaward and landward of the structure. Based on those data, wave attenuation performance of the wavescreen was explored for two different depth values. Findings showed that piled wavescreen can provide effective shore protection as an environmentally friendly coastal structure.     

Experimental Study on Mechanism and Shape Characteristics of Suspended Flexible Dam

Hydraulic structures such as groin, longitudinal dike and seawall are common in water conservancy and water transportation engineering projects at home and abroad, which have long been dominated by solid mass structural form. With brush and stone as building materials, this kind of structure has an obvious engineering effect. However, it not only requires huge capital investments, but also has negative impacts on the ecological environment. The suspended flexible dam is an innovative engineering measure, and few theoretical and experimental researches of this type dam can be found at present. This paper studies the mechanism and shape characteristics of this dam and obtains the dynamic equilibrium equation of flexible dam, the float buoyancy expression, and the condition for transformation among three forms of the underwater shape of the dam. The results are valuable in engineering application and can be used as the reference for the future work due to the distinctive design philosophy, the small negative effects on environment and the consistency for sustainable development.     

Dietary requirements of seaweed flies (Coelopa frigida)

The seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida (Fabricius), is mostly found in piles of decomposing seaweed deposited on the seashore which form its only breeding sites. It is shown that C. frigida can complete its life cycle in a wide variety of marine algae, and that the larvae are unable to survive without some, as yet unidentified, consituent of seaweed. The larvae also have a requirement for a microbial gut flora which probably derives from the bacterial flora naturally associated with algae growing in the sea. After deposition of the seaweed on the shore, the bacterial population increases enormously, and is ingested by the feeding Coelopa larvae. The dietary requirement for bacteria can be satisfied by a variety of pure bacterial cultures of marine origin, and also by pure cultures of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is suggested that the microbial cells are being used by the larvae as their principal source of energy. The bacterial populations naturally found on stranded seaweed are grazed by the feeding larvae. It is the combined activities of microbial and insect populations that result in rapid decomposition of the seaweed. The ecological relationships between marine algae, the microbial flora, and dipteran larvae are discussed.     

Effects of high pressure,hot water shore cleaning after oil spills on shore ecosystems in the Northern Baltic proper

The use of high pressure, hot water hosing techniques in oil spill clean-up operations on rocky and stony-gravelly shores drastically reduces the shore vegetation and macrofauna. The negative effects are more substantial than on oiled shores cleaned by raking and scraping. After one year the hot water cleaned shores were not restored completely.On rocky shores the high pressure, hot water technique is very efficient in terms of freeing the rocks from oil. However, due to its detrimental effects on shore organisms this type of oil spill clean-up operation can only be recommended for bird or wildlife protection areas. The cleanup method is inefficient on stony-gravelly shores due to penetration of oil into the ground and sediment and direct killing of shore organisms. The method should be avoided on these types of shores.