安徽黄梅尖地区基性脉岩年代学和地球化学特征

对庐枞盆地黄梅尖岩体内发育的辉绿玢岩开展了K-Ar法定年和系统的岩石地球化学特征研究。研究表明,辉绿玢岩形成年龄为107Ma±,属于晚白垩世产物。岩石出现2种辉石(单斜辉石和斜方辉石),w(SiO_2)介于51.93%～58.87%之间,具有富碱、高钾、贫钛等特征,岩石富集LREE、大离子亲石元素和强不相容元素,无Eu亏损现象,显示出洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的稀土元素和微量元素配分曲线。锶同位素初始值(I_(Sr))介于0.70575～0.70588,DSr值介于57.46～58.80,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i介于0.512124～0.512188,εNd(t)值范围为-6.1～-7.3。我们认为黄梅尖辉绿玢岩属钾玄岩,其源区性质表现出富集地幔(EMI型)特征,庐枞盆地岩浆作用形成和演化与扬子陆块-华北陆块间陆陆碰撞后的伸展环境及软流圈物质上涌导致富集地幔部分熔融有关。黄梅尖钾玄岩限定了岩石圈减薄的时限,推测岩石圈减薄动力学演化过程可能对热液型铀成矿有重要的制约作用。     

新疆东天山葫芦岩体岩石学与地球化学研究

葫芦岩体位于康古尔—黄山韧性剪切带东段,地表出露面积0.75km²。主要岩石类型有辉长闪长岩、辉长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩、橄揽岩。岩相之间多呈渐变过渡关系,局部也有侵入接触。主量元素化学组成基本上属拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石相对富集LREE、适度亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。岩浆演化过程中发生了较弱的同化混染作用。橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用是岩浆演化的主要机制。四件样品ε_Nd(t)值(＋6.4~+7.1),一件样品的ε_Sr(t)=+3.4,其余三件的ε_Sr(t)值(-10.1~-9.3),²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(18.091~18.513)、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(15.459~15.528)、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(37.526~38.126)。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素体系表明,源区软流圈来源的岩浆中混入了富集岩石圈地幔来源的岩浆。稀土元素地球化学证明,熔融作用发生于尖晶石稳定域内。由此可见,岩体是尖晶石稳定域内占主体的软流圈地幔与富集岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果。     

非洲乍得盆地火山岩地球化学特征及成因

钻井揭示了乍得盆地中新生代有大量玄武岩喷发,主要为橄榄拉斑玄武岩,少数为石英拉斑玄武岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩。主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究表明,乍得盆地玄武岩岩浆在上升过程中经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用,且未受到陆壳物质的混染;岩石明显富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf具正异常。晚白垩世玄武岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i比值（0.704167~0.706564）高于古近纪玄武岩（0.703545~0.705380）,(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i比值（0.512451~0.512703）低于古近纪玄武岩（0.512690~0.512847）;晚白垩世玄武岩ε_Nd(t)u值变化范围较大（-1.4~3.5）,且明显低于古近纪玄武岩（2.6~5.6）。两者具有相似的Pb同位素比值,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.14~18.96,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.56~15.62,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.33~38.88。乍得盆地玄武岩主要来自于亏损地幔DM和富集地幔EMⅡ两种端元组分混合产生的,石榴石橄榄岩的母熔体可能是本区玄武岩产生的源区,是地幔高度部分熔融的结果（15%左右）。乍得盆地玄武岩的地幔组份随时间的演化可能与中生代以来中、西非地区软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄作用密切相关。     

滇西北衙煌斑岩的岩石成因及动力学背景:年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素约束

北衙地区出露有多条煌斑岩脉,锆石LA-ICP-MS定年表明岩脉的侵位时间为34.96±0.66Ma,与滇西地区新生代岩浆活动的高峰期一致.岩石地球化学分析表明北衙煌斑岩具有高钾(K₂O/Na₂O为1.03~10.38)、富碱((K₂O+Na₂O)(平均7.55%)、高Mg^#(30~73),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(K、Rb、Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素的特征.同位素以高(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i(0.70615~0.70825),低ε_Nd(t)(-5.3~-1.3),富集放射性Pb(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.542~38.856,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.553~15.617,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.482~18.612)为特征,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf为0.282631~0.282882,ε_Hf(t)为-4.2~1.8.岩石地球化学和同位素特征表明该煌斑岩源自经俯冲板片交代富集了的岩石圈地幔,推测源区可能为含金云母的尖晶石相橄榄岩地幔与石榴石相橄榄岩地幔的过渡区,起源深度大致在75~85km,明显高于同区富碱斑岩的起源深度.构造和地球动力学背景分析表明,该煌斑岩以及滇西地区新生代岩浆作用都是对印度-欧亚大陆强烈碰撞的响应,都产在强烈伸展的动力学背景下,为岩石圈减薄的产物.     

新疆喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群的岩石成因研究

喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群位于准噶尔板块北缘,由13个小岩体组成。主要岩石类型为方辉橄榄岩、橄榄苏长岩、辉长苏长岩、辉长岩、淡色辉长岩、辉长闪长岩等。主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、普通辉石、紫苏辉石、斜长石和数量较多的褐色普通角闪石、黑云母等。主量元素分属钙碱性系列、岛弧拉斑玄武岩系列和具有MORB属性的拉斑玄武岩系列。大多数样品具有高LREE/HREE比值、富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti）。ε_Nd(t)=＋6.2~＋8.2,4件样品的ε_Sr(t)=-0.6~-36.3,另有1件样品为+36.5;(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) _i=17.784~18.008,(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) _i=15.400~15.555,(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) _i=36.973~37.560。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb、Os、O、S同位素体系证明,岩浆仅在局部遭受了同化混染作用。原生岩浆为高镁的拉斑玄武岩浆（MgO=11.6%）。岩浆在上侵和运移过程中经历了以单斜辉石为主的暗色矿物的广泛分离结晶作用和斜长石的凝聚,导致了淡色辉长岩的广泛分布和超镁铁岩的严重缺失。岩浆源区由被消减板片交代的地幔楔物质和软流圈地幔物质组成,因而富集不相容元素和水,并因交代作用与岩浆生成的时差短,而保持放射成因同位素的亏损状态。在岩石圈根部拆沉和软流圈地幔上涌过程中生成了喀拉通克镁铁质岩体群。     

巴楚辉绿岩墙的岩石成因及其对塔里木大火成岩省岩浆演化的启示

早二叠世塔里木大火成岩省主要有两期岩浆活动:以柯坪玄武岩为代表的喷出岩形成较早(~290Ma),以巴楚超基性-基性-长英质侵入体和岩墙为代表的侵入岩形成较晚(~280Ma)。本研究选取代表晚期岩浆活动的巴楚辉绿岩墙为研究对象,旨在为认识塔里木地幔柱活动及与岩石圈的相互作用提供更多信息。巴楚辉绿岩XHZ-10样品中的锆石均为继承性锆石,不能用来限定其侵位时代。然而,野外关系表明巴楚辉绿岩墙属于塔里木大火成岩省的第二期岩浆活动。巴楚辉绿岩墙经历了橄榄石、辉石和磁铁矿的分离结晶。Nd同位素比值与SiO₂和La/Nb比值的相关性以及继承性锆石年龄(2480~717Ma,主要集中在~800Ma)表明,新元古代基底的同化混染作用可以解释其ε_Nd具有较大的变化范围(-2.6~+5.1)。受混染程度最小的样品具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)极其相似的微量元素特征,并且具有亏损的Nd同位素组成(ε_Nd=~+5),暗示其来源于富集的对流地幔源区,与早期(~290Ma)具有岩石圈地幔源区特征的玄武岩形成鲜明对比。本文提出地幔柱侧向流动模型以解释两期岩浆的时空分布和地球化学差异:当地幔柱上升至塔里木岩石圈底部时,巨厚的岩石圈地幔(>140km)会阻碍其减压熔融;但不断积累在岩石圈底部的地幔柱物质提供足够的热,促使早期富集交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,形成~290Ma的玄武岩;地幔柱物质将向岩石圈厚度较薄的边缘地区侧向流动,发生减压熔融,形成的熔体侵位到地壳中形成超基性-基性-长英质侵入岩和辉绿岩墙,并诱发地壳的熔融形成长英质火山岩。     

浙西北木瓜燕山期花岗斑岩的定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙晥赣相邻区形成于晋宁期的木瓜岩体中发现有花岗斑岩和两期辉绿岩脉的出现。对其中花岗斑岩中锆石采用LA-ICP-MS技术测年,结果显示其侵位时间为142.2±1.2Ma,即形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高的SiO₂,K₂O+Na₂O含量和K₂O/Na₂O比值,属过铝质的花岗岩。花岗斑岩和早期辉绿岩比晚期辉绿岩富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素和Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,但亏损Sr和Ti。花岗斑岩和两期辉绿岩的稀土元素配分模式均为LREE富集的右倾型,花岗斑岩中负Eu异常明显,早期辉绿岩次之,晚期辉绿岩无Eu异常,反映它们的斜长石结晶程度不同。在微量元素蛛网图中花岗斑岩和早期辉绿岩有较明显的Nb亏损,而晚期辉绿岩Nb亏损不明显。花岗斑岩的Y/Nb比值>1.2以及Nb,Ti和Sr亏损可能指示其来自壳源或具有来自与俯冲有关的物质。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成分析结果表明花岗斑岩的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i 值为0.71134~0.71748,ε_Nd(t)值为-3.3~-6.4,Pb同位素比值(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i为18.49~18.56,(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i为15.62~15.65,(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i为38.57~38.68;早期辉绿岩的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i 值为0.71408~0.73010,ε_Nd(t)值为-0.05~+0.85。地球化学和同位素特征表明花岗斑岩为壳源成因,与早期辉绿岩脉和晚期辉绿岩脉均形成于陆内拉张环境中。而两期辉绿岩均来自地幔源区,且岩浆作用过程以部分熔融为主。通过对木瓜花岗斑岩与两期辉绿岩的研究并对比浙皖赣邻区的相关地质特征,笔者认为木瓜花岗斑岩和早期辉绿岩侵位于早白垩世早期华南岩石圈伸展背景下,随着拉张的持续,有广泛的晚期辉绿岩墙的侵位;结合浙皖赣地区123~129Ma时期出现的A型花岗岩也形成于陆内造山后伸展环境,指示了从145Ma以前的活动大陆边缘向145Ma以后陆内岩石圈减薄和伸展环境转变的一系列构造体制转换过程。结合前人的研究成果,认为浙西北及邻区从晚侏罗世至晚白垩世岩浆-构造演化过程如下:约170Ma开始,在古太平洋板块俯冲作用的构造体制下伴随有陆内深大断裂的再活化作用,华南开始进入碰撞造山阶段。从约145Ma开始至约123Ma,华南板块可能逐渐进入碰撞造山后的陆内拉张环境,在扬子地块南缘如浙西北及其邻区早白垩世形成少量花岗斑岩和两期辉绿岩脉及随后形成较多的A型花岗岩。在约117~121Ma,进入太平洋板块俯冲碰撞阶段,117Ma以后进入碰撞后的伸展阶段,在东南沿海地区形成了大量的中酸性火山岩和A型花岗岩及辉绿岩墙群。     

鲁西早白垩世岩石圈地幔的属性:大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素制约

大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素和全岩地球化学及全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的研究为探讨鲁西地区早白垩世岩石圈地幔的属性提供了制约。结果表明,大昆仑辉长岩中少量锆石和辉绿岩中锆石发育条痕状吸收,具有相对高的Th/U比值(0.11~3.12),暗示它们均为岩浆成因,辉长岩中多数为岩浆成因的捕获锆石。辉长岩和辉绿岩中岩浆锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为132±3Ma和112±1Ma;辉长岩中捕获锆石的谐和年龄主要介于2469~1752Ma之间,暗示古老地壳物质的存在。辉长岩和辉绿岩整体具有低Si O_2(49.08%~52.61%)、高MgO(4.52%~9.67%)、Na_2O含量(2.58%~3.49%)以及高Mg~#值(45~65)特征;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th)、贫重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf),其(La/Yb)_N=8.98~10.2,Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.83~0.93)。辉长岩的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化于0.7046~0.7060之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-16.71~-15.54之间,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb初始比值分别为16.596~16.776、15.255~15.290和36.328~36.648。辉绿岩中岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-12.0~-2.5之间。上述结果表明,大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩形成于早白垩世,与华北克拉通东部早白垩世岩石圈减薄的峰期时间一致;起源于受华北克拉通古老下地壳物质改造的富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于岩石圈减薄的伸展构造背景。     

敦煌三危山地区白垩纪OIB型基性岩墙的特征及地质意义

本文首次报道甘肃敦煌三危山地区早白垩世玄武质岩浆活动的记录。在三危山附近,基性岩墙侵入于敦煌群TTG和表壳岩大理岩和片岩中。全岩的K-Ar年龄为136.00±11.56Ma到99.11±6.35Ma,形成时代属于早白垩世。基性岩墙SiO₂含量变化范围较小,集中在47.95%~50.65%之间,以富TiO₂ (2.07%~2.35%,平均为2.21%)、MgO(6.03 %~6.51%,平均为6.32%)、贫K₂O(<1.29%),Na₂O>K₂O, Mg^#值中等且比较稳定(48.9~53.1,平均为51.7)为特征。基性岩相容元素含量相对较低,Ni含量变化相对较小,分布在112.7×10^-6~182.7×10^-6之间。而V含量变化较大,介于184×10^-6~267×10^-6之间,表明岩浆早期可能发生了一定的以橄榄石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用。基性岩富集LREE((La/Yb)_N ＝3.97~4.66)和LILE,无Eu负异常,较高的Fe/Mn比值等,具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的特征。微量元素比值等特征表明其来源与富集地幔关系密切,玄武质岩浆的形成可能与岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的上涌有关。     

福建龙岩大洋-莒舟花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

马坑铁矿是一个大型层控矽卡岩型矿床,大洋、莒舟花岗岩分布于铁矿东西两侧,与铁矿关系密切。本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法测得莒舟花岗岩年龄为129.6±0.8Ma,MSWD=2.3,利用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年法测得大洋花岗岩年龄为132.6±1.3Ma,MSWD=1.3,它们都形成于早白垩世,与马坑铁矿辉钼矿Re-Os年龄(130~133Ma)一致。大洋-莒舟花岗岩具高硅、富碱、贫钙镁和高分异指数等特点,属弱过铝或准铝质花岗岩;岩石稀土元素含量较高,配分模式呈轻稀土富集并缓向右倾斜,呈明显铕负异常的"V"型展布;微量元素具有Rb、U、Th、La等元素强烈富集而Ba、Sr、P、Ti 等元素相对亏损的特点;大洋岩体的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_ⅰ值变化于0.70878~0.71349之间;ε_Nd(t)值变化于-7.2~-8.6之间,f_Sm/Nd=-0.27~0.16,t_2DM =1511~1637Ma,(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=18.588~18.955,(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=15.660~15.682,(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=38.935~39.168,μ值介于9.54~9.59,ω值介于36. 77~38.13。岩石地球化学和同位素组成特征表明大洋-莒舟花岗岩属于高分异壳源型花岗岩,形成于岩石圈减薄的背景下。花岗岩主要来源于元古代地壳物质,有EMⅡ型富集地幔组分的参与,使花岗岩的地壳留存年龄的降低(1.51~1.63Ga)。     

Constraints from strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios and trace elements on the sources of the sediments in Lake Huguang Maar

The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar in coastal South China were previously thought to originate mainly from wind-blown dust transported from North China, such that the lake sediments recorded the varying strength of the Asian winter monsoon. An alternative explanation was that the local pyroclastic rocks supplied the lake sediments, but the actual contributions from the different sources remained unclear. Geochemical analyses including ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and trace elements support the local pyroclastic rock as the dominant source: < 22% of the total Sr in the lake sediments and  17% of the Nd arises from the distant source. Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf for the lake sediments are identical to those for the local rock but differ from the ratios for the wind-blown dust, and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns for the lake sediments are similar to those for the local rock and soil, but differ from those for the distant source. The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar are probably input into the lake through runoff and thus controlled by the hydrology of the lake. Wind-blown dust transported by the Asian winter monsoon from arid North China is only a minor contribution to the sediments.     

C and N NMR analysis of some fungal melanins in comparison with soil organic matter

A variety of fungal melanins with natural ¹⁵N abundance are characterized by solid-state ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR spectroscopy and are compared to solid-state ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR spectra of organic matter from representative soils. In all solid-state ¹⁵N NMR spectra the peptide/amide region (−220 to −285 ppm) dominates with more than 70% of the total intensity. The region between −285 and −375 ppm, assigned to amino and ammonium groups, always contains more than half of the remaining intensity. The area in the region from −30 to −220 ppm, where aromatic heterocycles would show signals, makes up less than 10% of the total intensity. These findings call into question common structural models for melanins. The solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra, on the other hand, reveal large differences when the melanins are compared to each other, and to composts and soils. The concentration of the aromatic carbon varies from 5 to 40% in the melanin series. The ratio C_aro/N_tot and C_ali/N_tot were calculated, and confirm that nitrogen in these samples is bound in C_a-groups rather than in aromatic heterocyclic structures.     

On 226Ra and 222Rn concentrations in the brackish waters of coastal aquifers: lab-investigations and confirmation in the carbonate aquifer of Brindisi (Italy)

The ground waters circulating in the Apulian mesozoic carbonate aquifer, of coastal type, show high concentrations of ²²²Rn everywhere. Considering their variation during the different phases of a hydrological year, such high concentration values can reach activity of 20 Bq/L, in the more internal zones of the aquifer. Moreover, it is often observed that, in correspondence of wells and springs nearest the coast, the concentrations of radioactive gas reach values greater than 400 Bq/L and vary considerably during the course of a day and with withdrawals. The research carried out over the last few years, has confirmed that ²²⁶Ra and ²²²Rn concentrations in the karst groundwater of Apulia, are mainly related to the occurrence of Terra Rossa inside the aquifer and the capacity of these paleosols to fix the salts of ²²⁶Ra coming from the dissolution of the calcareous and calcareous-dolomitic rocks. This paper shows the results of the analysis performed to define ²²²Rn increase in the brackish waters that come in contact with carbonate rocks and terra rossa. It also indicates the results of surveys performed in a coastal zone with well-known hydrogeological features. The controls performed during one hydrological year, have confirmed the relationships between the salt content of the ground waters and the enrichment of ²²²Rn and have highlighted that the manner of increase of this radioisotope is related to cases of ionic exchange and adsorption regulated by the dynamics of marine intrusion.     

Isotopic insights into smoothening of abandoned fan surfaces, Southern California

Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40 kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic ¹⁰Be, and in some cases ²⁶Al, in boulders (n = 15), surface sediment (n = 15), and one depth profile (n = 9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that ¹⁰Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages.Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in ¹⁰Be concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common ¹⁰Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15 mm kyr⁻¹.     

琼北火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年研究

新生代以来,雷琼地区多次、大量地喷发了一系列火山岩。前人主要基于K-Ar法对此划分了期次。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对琼北火山岩区进行了精细定年研究。低本底激光40Ar/39Ar法能够对低钾含量,极少量样品(毫克级)进行精细测定,非常适合极年轻火山岩的定年工作。结果显示的火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar法高质量数据表明琼北火山喷发活动时限跨越1.3～0.052Ma。在比较了表观年龄与等时线年龄差异之后,本文给出了年龄推荐值。正如测试数据所显示,本地区新生代火山岩普遍存在40Ar和36Ar过剩的问题,此时只有等时线年龄才代表喷发的真实年龄。     

Flocculation improves uptake of Sr and Cs from radioactive effluents

This paper presents the results of investigation on uptake of radioactive species ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs present in the liquid effluents from nuclear processing plants. Chemical precipitation process is adopted to remove radioactivity from the effluents with low and intermediate level of activity. In this process, radioactive ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs are co-precipitated along with copper ferrocyanide, ferric hydroxide and either calcium phosphate or barium sulphate. These precipitates being fine in size require flocculation for enhanced settling rate in clarifier/thickener. The flocculation by some selected high molecular weight polyacrylamide based polymers has improved the uptake of radioactive metal ions. The adsorption of these radioactive species has been found to increase in the presence of these flocculants thereby improving the decontamination factor (DF). While flocculating the precipitates, there may be some complex formation with Sr²⁺/Cs⁺, flocculant and the substrate. This has enhanced the uptake of the radioactive metal ions from the liquid component. The plant trials have indicated the improvement of DF value due to flocculation by cationic flocculant.     

The Coupled Re—Os and Pt—Os Systematics：A Theoretical Consideration

The ^190Pt-^186Os system should be a unique tracer for mantle processes be-cause both Pt and Os are concentrated in the mantle.The ^190Pt-^186Os system will also be a good supplement to the ^187Re-^187Os system for dating and tracing mantle pro-cesses because the ^190Pt-^186Os system is not so easily contaminated by crustal materials as the ^187Re-^187Os system.In turn,the application of the ^187Re-^187Os system to Pt-enriched materials uncontaminated by crustal materials will indirectly refine the half life of ^190Pt.The ^190Pt is refined.In the coupled ^187Re-^187Os and ^190Pt-^186Os sys-tematics,an ^186Os*/^190Pt-^187Os*/^187Re Concordia diagram similar to the ^206Pb*/^238U-^208Pb*/^232Th Concordia can be constructed.In such a Concordia diagram,a date will be obtained so long as the ^190Pt-^186Os system remains closed even if the ^187Re-^187Os sys -tem is contaminated by crustal materials.In addition ,for the coupled ^190Pt-^186Os and ^187Re-^187Os systematics,the mantle processes and the interactions between the mantle and the crust will be described by two ratios:^186Os/^188Os and ^187Os/^188Os .The coupled ^187Re-^187Os and ^190Pt-^186Os systematics will be a powerful tool in the investigation of the geodynamic history of the Earth because the ^187Re-^187Os system is sensitive to the interactions between the mantle and the crust,while the ^190Pt-^186Os system is a good tracer for mantle processes.     

Determination of Sr/Sr mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and radiogenic isotope variation of Sr/Sr in the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation

We measured both mass-dependent isotope fractionation of δ⁸⁸Sr (⁸⁸Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and radiogenic isotopic variation of Sr (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) for the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation that deposited as a cap carbonate immediately above the Marinoan-related Nantuo Tillite. The δ⁸⁸Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr compositions showed three remarkable characteristics: (1) high radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values and gradual decrease in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, (2) anomalously low δ⁸⁸Sr values at the lower part cap carbonate, and (3) a clear correlation between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ⁸⁸Sr values. These isotopic signatures can be explained by assuming an extreme greenhouse condition after the Marinoan glaciation. Surface seawater, mixed with a large amount of freshwater from continental crusts with high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and lighter δ⁸⁸Sr ratios, was formed during the extreme global warming after the glacial event. High atmospheric CO₂ content caused sudden precipitation of cap carbonate from the surface seawater with high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and lighter δ⁸⁸Sr ratios. Subsequently, the mixing of the underlying seawater, with unradiogenic Sr isotope compositions and normal δ⁸⁸Sr ratios, probably caused gradual decrease of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the seawater and deposition of carbonate with normal δ⁸⁸Sr ratios. The combination of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ⁸⁸Sr isotope systematics gives us new insights on the surface evolution after the Snowball Earth.     

原地宇宙成因核素暴露测年方法中石英的提取

原地宇宙成因核素10Be和26Al的暴露年龄测定是近年来发展较快的测年技术,已在地学研究中得到广泛应用。该方法需要选用经一系列前处理过程获得的纯净石英作为待测样品,制备成BeO和Al2O3以供加速器质谱仪测量。因此获得高纯度的石英样品,是该测年方法的关键环节之一。本研究在已有报道的石英提纯化学流程的基础上,尝试对流程进行部分优化,通过实验对比不同粒径组分、不同固液比水浴振荡器和滚筒HF-HNO3蚀刻效果,确定使用HF-HNO3(1%或2%,固液比15.0 g/L)滚筒加热法刻蚀样品以去除铝硅酸盐,多钨酸钠重液分离样品中的石英和其他组分。优化的分离纯化流程应用于处理采自祁连山北缘河流阶地含石英的岩石样品,经纯化的石英纯度可达98%以上,Al的含量小于200μg/g,表明采用优化的提取流程获得了高纯度的石英样品,可以满足10Be和26Al暴露测年所需样品要求。     

滇西腾冲更新世粗面安山岩Ar-Ar年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

腾冲芒棒地区广泛发育新近纪以来的火山岩,本文首次对该区粗面安山岩进行的高精度40Ar/39Ar同位素定年,其坪年龄分别为2.1±0.1Ma和2.0±0.1Ma,代表其喷溢时代为早更新世。岩石地球化学特征研究显示,粗面安山岩属高钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,具有弧火山岩与大陆板内火山岩的双重属性,推测其形成于后造山环境。综合研究表明,腾冲地块更新世火山岩的形成与印度-欧亚板块俯冲-碰撞造山隆升后的伸展垮塌、富集地幔部分熔融作用密切相关,而印支陆块向东南逃逸以及腾冲弧形走滑断裂带(龙川江断裂带、大盈江断裂带)的活化促使了该期火山岩的喷发与侵位。