前期大气环流和海温变化对云南汛期雨量的影响

分析了云南汛期6~8月雨量与前期1~5月北半球200、500、850hPa高度场和海温场(40°S～40°N,30°E～70°W)的相关关系,得到两个相关场中显著相关区的时空分布特征、尺度范围和相关场的波列结构。并进一步分析了与云南汛期雨量相关的环流系统的天气气候学意义,得到云南汛期雨量与前期高度场和海温场的遥相关关键区。分析结果表明:通过综合考虑高度场和海温场作为云南汛期雨量预报因子,使预报更具可靠的物理基础,并初步归纳出影响云南汛期雨量的物理概念模型。     

北太平洋海表持续加热对夏季中国降水及大气环流的影响

用海温距平累积和讨论了北太平洋海温异常持续加热对夏季中国降水和大气环流的影响。结果表明：ＳＴＰＮＡ（海温的太平洋北美遥相关型）指数距平累积和与江淮流域夏季降水有密切的相关,与全国雨带的类型也有较好的联系。进而讨论了ＳＴＰＮＡ指数距平累积和对大气环流的影响。     

西北太平洋海温变化对贵州夏季降水的影响

利用1952-2001年贵州15个测站夏季降水和前期太平洋海温场资料,及3因子最佳子集回归求最大复相关系数的方法,把前期不同时间步长、不同时段的海温场作为预报因子与夏季降水求相关。结果发现：用前期海温场作为预报因子对贵州夏季降水进行预报,其预报因子的最佳时间尺度为单月滑动,并且存在着较好的“隔多季度相关”现象。预报因子具有实际预报意义的最佳时段为上1年的8～11月。影响贵州夏季降水的最佳预报因子主要集中分布在海温场具有重要天气气候意义的关键区域。2002、2003、2004年的回报试验结果与实况进行对比分析发现,根据上述理论和预报思路得到的预测试验,具有一定效果,并且对指导贵州夏季降水预测具有一定的参考价值。     

IMPACT OF SSTA OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ON FLOOD SEASON PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES IN YUNNAN

Based on the reanalysis data of monthly mean global SST and wind from the NCEP/NCAR and the observation data of rain seasons in 124 stations of Yunnan province from 1961 to 2006, we applied the analytical methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis and a significance testing method to two sets of samples of average differences. The goal is to investigate into the influence of the Southern Hemispheric (SH) SST on the summer precipitation in Yunnan from January to May so as to identify the key time and marine regions. Physical mechanisms are obtained by analyzing the influence of sea level wind and the key marine regions on the precipitation during Yunnan’s rain season. Results show that there is indeed significant relationship between the SST in SH and summer precipitation in Yunnan. The key areas for influencing the summer precipitation are mainly distributed in a region called “West Wind Drift” in the SH, including the Southeast Indian, southern Australia, west coast of eastern Pacific off Chile, Peru and the southwest Atlantic Magellan. Besides, the most significant marine region is the west coast of Chile and Peru (cold-current areas of the eastern Pacific). Diagnostic analysis results also showed that monsoons in the Bay of Bengal, a cross-equatorial flow in the Indian Ocean near the equator and southwest monsoon in India weaken during the warm phase of the Peruvian cold current in the eastern Pacific. Otherwise, they strengthen.     

厄尔尼诺与我国汛期降水

本文详细地讨论了厄尔尼诺与我国汛期大尺度降水的关系。指出,厄尔尼诺东部型,北太平洋海温的三个主要正负距平区的结构具有PNA遥相关型;厄尔尼诺中部型,北太平洋海温的三个主要正负距平区分布在赤道东太平洋到千岛群岛一线上。进而指出,厄尔尼诺东部型峰期过后,我国汛期降水的大尺度特征是长江流域降水偏少,江南和华北地区降水偏多。在厄尔尼诺中部型峰期过后则相反,长江流域降水偏多,江南和华北降水偏少。     

华南前汛期降水与南极海冰变化的关系

利用１９７３￣１９８９年南极海冰北界资料和１９７２￣１９８１年南半球气旋资料,分析南极海冰变异对华南前汛期降水的影响。结果表明,两者之间存在密切关系,当南极海冰面积趋于增大时,华南前汛期的雨水变趋增加,反之亦然。２￣３月份威尔克斯地方向地海冰北界位置与同年华南前汛期雨量密切相关。而９月份罗斯海方向（１８０°）海冰北界的伸缩对次年华南前汛期降水量有明显指示性。南半球低纬（０￣３０°Ｓ）的气旋活动在南     

广西前汛期降水年代际变化与南半球印度洋海温的关系

利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料对广西前汛期降水年代际变化的环流差异及其与前期南半球印度洋海温的关系进行研究,结果表明:广西前汛期整体一致变化的降水分布型具有20年左右年代际振荡及3年左右的年际周期,桂南、桂北反相变化的降水空间型具有6年和准两年振荡.在前汛期降水偏多期,欧亚大陆地表温度偏高,热力作用增强,造成大陆热低压偏强,海陆差异加大,广西区域气柱不稳定性增强,上升气流显著增强,Hadley环流减弱,西太平洋副高及南亚高压减弱,南北半球越赤道气流增强,高原南侧南支槽气流加强,水汽输送增多,造成广西降水偏多;降水偏少期形势相反.相关分析表明前期2～3月南半球中纬度印度洋海温与广西前汛期降水年代际变化呈明显负相关,意味着南半球海温对广西前汛期降水年代际变化有调控作用,这种作用是通过海温异常影响越赤道气流从而影响亚洲季风的强弱而实现的.     

中国汛期降水的印度洋SSTA信号特征分析

用ＥＯＦ和ＣＣＡ方法研究了印度洋洋海表温度距平场与中国汛期降水场的遥相关分布特征，结果表明，印度洋ＳＳＴＡ场与中国汛期降水相关明显，海温场异常分布对中国汛期南北经向雨带的变化及中国西北，西南和长江黄河下游地区汛期旱涝的影响明显，揭示了中国汛期旱涝异常分布的印度洋海温变化的强信号现象，说明特定的印度洋海温分布可以作为中国汛期旱涝预报的强信号因子。     

云南初夏降水与前期大气环流的关系

利用１９７３～１９８７年云南省１２４个站的逐日雨量资料,分析得得云南省初夏５－６月降水偏多的年份为１９７８,１９８１,１９８４和１９８５年,降水偏少的年份为１９７７,１９８２,１９９３和１９８７年,并利用１９７３～１９８７年北半球５００ｈＰａ等压面高度资料以及２００ｈＰａ副热带风场资料,研究了云南省初夏降水与前期大气环流的关系,结果表明,云南初夏降水的多寡在前期５００ｈＰａ高度场和２００ｈＰａ纬向     

华南后汛期降雨量的振动和分布

对１９５９至１９８８年华南后汛期（７－９月）降雨量距平百分率的大尺度变化特征进行了分析,并与前汛期（４－６月）降雨量的情况进行了比较,同时探讨了后汛期降雨量异常的成因。结果表明,华南后汛期雨量存在明显的年际变化,且地区差异显著;后汛期降雨量的异常与热带西太平洋的海水温度、南海地区大气的对流活动及登陆我国东南沿海地区的热带气旋的频数有关。     

热带海温变化对云南初夏干湿转换季节雨量的影响

通过相关分析、诊断分析以及数值模拟试验来研究热带海温异常对云南初夏干温转换季节雨量变化的影响，研究表明前期热带海温异常对云南初夏干湿转换季节雨量有明显的影响，海温与雨量的显著关相关区与Walker环流的上升下沉支相对应。提前的时间尺度越长，海温所提供的可预报信息越少；时间尺度越短，提供的可预报信息越大。诊断分析及 数值模拟研究还表明在赤道中东太平洋的暖位相期，孟加拉湾地区的季风低压和初夏索马里附近的越赤道气流及印度洋西南季风减弱，反之则加强。海温变化通过海气相互作用影响到季风活动，从而对云南初夏干湿转换季节雨量产生影响。     

NEW DEFINITION FOR NORTH HUAIHE RIVER RAINY SEASON AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHARACTERISTICS IN PRECIPITATION ANOMALY YEARS

In this article, a new definition for the North Huaihe River rainy season (NHRS) is presented using summer daily precipitation in East China and subtropical high ridge axis at 500 hPa. By calculating the annual precipitation amounts in the NHRS and Meiyu of the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basin (YHMY) from 1961 to 2009, the dates of precipitation beginning and ending as well as the duration of the two rainy seasons in the 49 years are analyzed. Atmospheric circulation characteristics in positive and negative precipitation anomaly years during the NHRS are also studied. Results are shown as follows. (1) The new definition for the NHRS is much easier to use. It involves only two meteorological factors, making its application more practical. It can also distinguish two rainy periods of the NHRS more objectively. (2) The average duration of the NHRS is similar to that of the YHMY, except that its average dates of beginning and ending are about one week later than those of the YHMY. The average precipitation of the NHRS is slightly less than that of the YHMY, and the yearly precipitation variation of the two rainy seasons are similar to each other with no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in the 49 years, but with distinguished decadal and inter-annual variations. (3) In positive precipitation anomaly years, the South Asian high moves more northward and more eastward, the western Pacific subtropical high is located more northward and westward, and the summer monsoon is stronger than normal, resulting in the convergence of the warm and moist southwesterly airflow from the west side of the subtropical high and the cold air from the north side of the northeast trough in North Huaihe River basin.     

2006年广东汛期大气环流场的低频特征

利用2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和广东省86个测站的逐日降水资料,分析了广东汛期降水的大气环流低频特征.结果表明,华南汛期的降水主要有7～20天和60天左右的周期振荡,广东汛期的明显降水过程主要出现在60天左右低频振荡的正位相中,当7～20天振荡与60天左右的低频振荡正位相同相叠加时,广东降水明显增强.前汛期...     

汛期强降水面雨量分析和预报

本文介绍了几种面雨量分析方法，重点研究水气收支平衡方法在面雨量分析中的应用，结合数值预报资料和动力、势力物理因子分析，研制一套中短期面雨量预报系统，并在2001年汛期进行了试应用。     

全球海温异常作用下的低层大气环流和降水异常的数值模拟

通过在ＩＡＰＡＧＣＭ中加进太平洋和印度洋海温异常的数值模拟，证实了实况月平均８５０ｈＰａ上的异常环流特征：ＥｌＮｉｎｏ海温位相时低纬太平洋低层大气出现异常的西风气流以及在东南亚沿海出现向赤道的异常气流；而在ＬａＮｉｎａ位相时，低纬太平洋低层大气出现异常的东风气流和在东南亚沿海出现离赤道的异常气流。若在模式中仅引入太平洋的海温异常或在模式中去掉地形以后，模拟的低纬低层异常气流与上述结果有所不同。用该模式还模拟出了与观测相符的低纬地区降水的异常     

长江三峡坝区汛期降水的气候背景分析及其与北太平洋海温的关系

对长江坝区汛期降水的气候背景进行了分析后指出：坝区汛期降水异常与ＥＡＡ相关链,特别是东亚这一段遥相关型有明显联系,进而探讨了它与前期北太平洋海水温度的关系。     

海温对月平均环流影响的数值试验

利用 T42L9全球谱模式,在相同初始场的条件下,将不同的 SST 作为外强迫源输入模式,其一个月延伸预报的结果表明,SST 的变化对第三旬的环流预报影响比较大,但对于不同的初值其影响是不同的,对于比较稳定的初值,不同的海温场对月平均环流的影响较小;而对于不稳定的初始场,则影响较大.同时指出了500hPa 高度预报场的均方根误差的增长在中纬度主要与大气中的斜压不稳定有关,如果斜压不稳定度大,则误差随时间增长快;斜压不稳定度小,情况则相反.     

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DECADAL VARIATIONS OF ANNUALLY FIRST RAINY SEASON PRECIPITATION OF GUANGXI AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF INDIAN OCEAN IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

Decadal circulation differences between more and less rainfall periods in the annually first rainy season of Guangxi and their association with sea surface temperature (SST) of the austral Indian Ocean are investigated by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results are shown as follows. A pattern in which there is uniform change of the Guangxi precipitation shows a 20-year decadal oscillation and a 3-year interannual change. In contrast, a pattern of reversed-phase change between the north and the south of Guangxi has a 6-year interannual periodicity and quasi-biennial oscillation. In the period of more precipitation, the surface temperature in Eurasia is positively anomalous so as to lead to stronger low pressure systems on land and larger thermal contrast between land and ocean. Therefore, the air column is more unstable and ascending flows over Guangxi are intensified while the Hadley cell is weakened. Furthermore, the weaker western Pacific subtropical high and South Asia High, together with a stronger cross-equatorial flow, result in the transportation of more humidity and the appearance of more precipitation. The correlation analysis indicates that the Indian Ocean SST in Southern Hemisphere is closely associated with the variation of the seasonal precipitation of Guangxi on the decadal scale by influencing the Asian monsoon through the cross-equatorial flow.