Development of Statistical Models to Predict the Mechanical Properties of Some Metamorphic Rocks from P-Wave Velocity and Certain Physical Properties

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Strength and elastic properties of rocks have vital importance for the design of structures in several rock engineering projects. Additionally, these...     

超声波技术在冻土物性测试中的应用探讨

超声波在冻土中的传播特性反映了冻土材料的动力学特征，利用超声波速度测试技术可以直接测试冻土的动力学弹性参数，实验结果表明，冻土的单轴压缩强度与冻土的超声波速度在单一影响因素改变时存在良好的相关关系，利用这种相关性，有可能采用超声波无损测试技术来估计冻土的强度，冻土的未冻水含量明显影响着冻土中超声波的传播速度，实验结果表明，超声波速度与未冻水含量之间存在很好的函数关系，它提示了超声波速度用于冻土未冻水含量测试的可能性。     

陆面过程模式对不同土壤物理性质的敏感性研究

使用NCAR陆面过程模式（LSM）和荷兰Cabauw1987的大气观测资料，考察了在11种不同的土壤条件下陆面过程模式所模拟的地表能量及水分循环的差异。结果表明，粘土含量较高的土壤具有较好的持水能力，蒸发量和径流量都比较大，而在含砂量高的土壤中，水分大量的下渗，蒸发量和径流量小，从而到地表热通量的分配，在不考虑大气反馈的情况下，各种土壤造成的差异主要出现在春季的4、5月份。     

Influence of Drying Temperature on Three Soils Physical Properties

Changes in plasticity characteristics of three soils upon drying are examined in this paper. These changes are attributed to aggregation of particles. The key characteristic evaluated was the impact of drying temperature on the index properties, compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio. The study found the effect of drying strongly depended on soil type, mineralogy or presence of cementing agents. The observed changes are found to be permanent and the implications are that these changes may affect the field performance of test soils.     

Prediction of California Bearing Ratio from Index Properties of Soils Using Parametric and Non-parametric Models

This work proposes a methodology to obtain from the soils properties the best prediction model for the California bearing ratio index. The methodology proposes three different prediction techniques: (1) the multiple linear regression, a classical parametric technique; and two non-parametric techniques: (2) the local polynomial regression (LPR) and (3) the radial basis network. The LPR is a known statistical method, but in the geotechnical engineering field is not in common use. Besides, although several research works have been published in this field, they do not include a robust procedure for making good comparison between different models. Here, a cross validation method is proposed with this aim. A data set of 96 samples from Peruvian soils is used to illustrate the methodology. To validate the proposed methodology, a data set from the literature is also analyzed.     

3种特殊土物理力学性质指标统计分析

常规物理力学指标可以良好反映土的工程性质。收集全国范围内软土、黄土和红土的相关专著、科技论文和地震安全性评价报告,统计得出3种特殊土各项物理力学指标的范围、平均值和变异系数,通过对各项物理力学指标间的相关性分析,对3种特殊土的工程特性进行了研究。对比结果发现：3种特殊土物理性质的变异系数总体较小、较为稳定,而力学性质的变异系数变化较大、离散程度较高;3种特殊土各项物理力学性质指标间存在相关性,或呈线性关系,或呈带状变化,同类指标软土和红土的相关系数高于黄土。通过回归拟合方法给出了|r|∈[0.5,1.0]的拟合公式,利用线性关系检验方法对公式的精度和准确性进行检验,结果表明：本文给出的拟合公式F>F_0.05,回归效果较为显著,便于工程应用。     

Physical and Chemical Properties of Galactic Global Clusters with Various Origins Identified from the Gaia DR2 Data

Astronomy Reports - The differences in the relationships between the physical parameters and the chemical-element abundances in accreted globular star clusters and those formed inside the Galaxy...     

埋藏压实-侧向挤压过程对库车坳陷深层储层物理性质的改造机理

早期长期浅埋、后期快速深埋及晚期强烈的侧向挤压作用是西部前陆盆地共性的地质演化过程,埋藏(机械)压实-侧向挤压过程对深层砂岩储层岩石物理性质与储集性具有重要的改造作用。开展成岩物理模拟实验研究,并与实际地质分析相结合,探索改造作用机制的演化过程,认为持续的垂向压实作用使储层碎屑颗粒由松散状至紧密堆积。在晚期侧向挤压、持续垂向埋藏压实共同作用下,深层碎屑颗粒表现为明显的共轭双方向定向排列特征。在快速垂向压实和强烈的侧向挤压应力作用下,石英、长石等颗粒内出现明显的无定向微裂缝、共轭剪切微裂缝。微裂缝的出现可增强颗粒的可溶蚀性,提高储层渗透性。明确埋藏(机械)压实-侧向挤压过程对深层砂岩储层物理性质与储集性的改造作用机制,对评价与预测深层有利储层的分布具有积极作用。     

用泥岩压实法推算东营期剥蚀厚度

本文依据泥岩压实的物理化学过程,建立了超深井泥岩压实趋势模型;提出推算东营期剥蚀厚度应在正常的机械压实段,以压实泥岩时差为下限,向上作统计趋势线;并讨论了压实斜率和地表传播时差取值问题。     

无粘性土强夯夯点间加固效果的估算

利用前人的模型试验结果，提出了单点夯击时的侧向加固模式。以此模式为基础，提出了一种估算夯点外加固程度的计算方法，应用所提出的方法，得出了加固薄弱点的位置，建立了薄弱点处的加固程度与无量钢夯点间距间的关系式。     

Dimensional Effects on Dynamic Properties and the Relationships between Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Physical Properties of Rock Under Various Environmental Conditions

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test is an extensively used, nondestructive, and simple test to delineate the dynamic properties of rocks for...     

Predicting Hysteresis of the Water Retention Curve from Basic Properties of Granular Soils

The water retention curve (WRC), which represents the relationship between volumetric water content (θ) and suction (ψ), is required to analyze the hydro-geotechnical response of unsaturated soils. The laboratory (or field) determination of the WRC can however be time consuming and difficult to conduct. A practical alternative, particularly useful at the preliminary stages of a project, is to estimate the WRC using a predictive model based on basic geotechnical properties that are easy to obtain. One common limitation of such predictive models is due to hysteresis effects, which are not taken into account by most of these models. The authors present in this paper an extended version of the Modified Kovács (MK) predictive model that incorporates hysteresis of the WRC along different paths, including the main wetting and drying curves and the wetting and drying scanning curves for granular soils. The model formulation is presented, and predictions are compared to experimental data obtained on different granular soils. The results show a good agreement for the main and scanning curves.     

用线性自由能关系预测金属络合物的热力学性质

Sverjensky与Molling提出的线性自由能关系是根据金属阳离子的热力学性质来预测等结构系列中固体相的标准生成自由能。本文研究结果证实,水溶液中金属络合物与简单金属阳离子之间也存在类似的相关关系,预测值与实验值的差异通常小于1．5kcal／mol或小于一个log单位,这一线性自由能关系对于预测自然环境中重金属的水溶物种的配分、迁移和毒性具有非常重要的应用价值。     

Experimental Study on Engineering Properties and Microstructure of Expansive Soils Treated by Lime Containing Silica Nanoparticles Under Various Temperatures

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In this study, improvement rate of engineering properties of expansive soils caused by the effect of varying curing temperature together with the addition...     

滇池固化淤泥重塑土的重塑时机及强度恢复特性试验

采用无侧限抗压强度试验和直剪试验,从单轴抗压强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角的角度探求了淤泥固化土重塑时导致的强度折减和重塑后土的强度恢复特性,并分析了重塑前养护龄期（T_前）、重塑后养护龄期（T_后）、水泥掺灰比（a_c）的影响。试验结果表明,重塑时机的选择对淤泥固化土的强度折减程度有显著的影响：T_前越长,破碎过程带来的强度折减越严重,且大致满足a_c越大、强度折减越严重的规律。从强度恢复特性来看：小水泥掺灰比的固化淤泥土经过T_后,其强度恢复较好;大掺灰比的重塑土其强度则较难恢复至固化土的水平,T_前越长,强度恢复越不利。从而得出了大掺灰比固化土宜早重塑,小掺灰比的重塑时间可适当延长的规律。     

四川盆地震旦系灯影组丘滩体储层沉积模式与物性特征

研究丘滩复合体沉积模式有助于预测四川盆地灯影组优质储层.基于钻井和露头资料,通过微观薄片鉴定,发现丘滩体主要的岩石结构为藻白云岩,并可进一步细分为5种微相:丘基、丘核、丘坪、丘盖和丘翼.识别出3种典型的微相组合类型,包括反映加积的"丘基-丘核-丘坪"序列,反映迁移的"丘基-丘核-丘翼"序列,反映终止的"丘基-丘核-丘盖"序列.结合沉积相带分布,将灯影组丘滩分为加积型台缘丘滩、迁移型台缘丘滩、台内丘滩、台内台坪4种类型.其中加积型台缘丘滩体主要沉积"丘基-丘核-丘坪"序列,旋回性明显,丘核多发育格架残留孔、洞,并在反映储集性能的储层总厚度、孔隙度、渗透率等方面均有优势,是四川盆地灯影组最有利的丘滩储集体.      

A Review to Develop new Correlations for Geotechnical Properties of Organic Soils

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Organic soils are considered one of the most problematic soils due to their high compressibility and low shear strength at small strains. Characterizing...     

Effect of Drying on the Index Properties of Lateritic Soils

Due to significant variation in geological and climatic conditions the characteristics of lateritic soils vary from place to place. Because of the prevailing climatic conditions, the laterites and lateritic soils of a particular region may be different from those found in other parts of the world. Some investigators report that the pretest drying has significant effect on the properties of soils. In such studies the authors associate the effect of drying on the properties of soils due to the mineralogy of soil. From this context there is a need to investigate the effect of sample preparation on lateritic soils prior to testing. In the present study lateritic soils from different sources in west coast region of India were studied to investigate the effect of drying on their index properties. Due to pretest drying it is observed from the results that there is a significant change in Atterberg limits and other properties of soils tested. These changes are attributed due to aggregation of particles. The observed changes are found to be permanent.     

Application of Plutonium Isotopes to the Sediment Geochronology of Coarse-Grained Sediments from Englebright Lake,California (USA)

The determination of sediment accumulation rates in environments with temporal variations in texture is challenging using traditional radioisotope methods, largely due to low activities associated with coarse sediments. This study used Englebright Lake, an impoundment in northern California, as a model system to examine the application of plutonium isotopes in lacustrine environments where the interlayering of coarse and fine sediments complicates the geochronology. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to quantify plutonium isotopes and low limits of detection allowed for the measurement of plutonium in sand, clay, and silt fractions. Although measurable levels of plutonium were found in sand fractions, over 75 % of the total plutonium activity was found in fine-grain-size fractions (<63 μm). Correlations between cesium-137 and plutonium activities in fine-grained sediments (r = 0.81–0.98, p < 0.005) suggest that plutonium isotopes may be substituted for cesium isotopes in coarse-grained sediments where cesium is typically below detectable levels. Sediment accumulation rates calculated from grain-size normalized plutonium activity profiles ranged from 6 to 145 cm year^?1 in Englebright Lake and identified a sediment depocenter at the delta front upstream of Englebright Dam. Progradation of the delta front reflected changes in sediment supply from the watershed in response to flood events, whereas average annual accumulation responded to human impacts. This study extends the application of plutonium isotopes for sediment geochronology to aquatic environments dominated by coarse sediments and provides new information that contributes to a better understanding of the processes influencing sediment deposition in Englebright Lake.     

砂岩机械压实与物性演化成岩模拟实验初探

为了模拟沉积地层埋藏成岩过程中,压实作用下储层物性参数的连续变化特征,采用自行设计的成岩作用模拟实验系统,利用不同的现代沉积物样品,开展了砂岩机械压实作用模拟实验。实验表明：砂岩机械压实作用过程中孔隙度和渗透率随深度的变化具有分段性,即早期速变阶段和晚期缓变阶段。利用缓变阶段的数据分析发现,深度与孔隙度之间存在着良好的指数关系,深度与渗透率之间存在着良好的乘幂关系,孔隙度与渗透率之间存在着良好的指数关系。只经历机械压实作用的情况下,相同物源、相同分选的砂岩,颗粒粒度越粗,压实作用过程中,压实减孔率越小,最终保存的孔隙越多,砂岩渗透性越好;不同分选、相近粒度的砂岩,分选越差,压实作用过程中,压实减孔率越大,最终保存的孔隙越少,砂岩渗透性越差。不同岩相类型的砂岩,在压实缓变阶段,分选好中砂岩相平均百米减孔量最小,其次为分选好细砂岩相和分选好粉砂岩相,再次为分选中等粗砂岩相,分选差含砂砾岩相平均百米减孔量最大。