华北克拉通地壳生长和演化:来自现代河流碎屑锆石Hf同位素组成的启示

定量地给出大陆地壳生长速率以及生长量随时间的演化是研究大陆地壳形成与演化的核心问题之一.近年来,利用沉积岩和沉积物中碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成已成为目前研究大陆地壳生长和演化最为简捷、有效的工具.本文对来自华北克拉通西部泾河和洛河河沙中的187颗碎屑锆石进行Hf同位素组成分析,并结合已有的资料来探讨华北克拉通地壳的生长和演化规律.结果显示:随着地质历史变化,华北克拉通地壳生长呈阶段性特点.如在中太古代中期-新太古代末期(3.0 ～2.5Ga)地壳生长速率较快,大约已有60％现今大陆地壳形成.此后,陆壳呈较稳定速率增长,到新元古代晚期(600Ma)基本己形成现存大陆地壳.表明现今的大陆主要生长于太古宙和元古宙,而显生宙陆壳的增生量可以忽略不计.根据河流碎屑锆石和前寒武纪岩石中锆石的U-Pb年龄、两阶段模式年龄(t DM2C和tNC2C)和εHf(t)所获得华北克拉通早前寒武纪地壳演化曲线,本文提出～2.7Ga和～2.5Ga分别曾经为华北克拉通太古宙岩浆作用最活跃时期,也是地壳快速生长时期,表明华北克拉通在新太古代曾发生过两期明显的地壳生长.     

北祁连边麻沟粉砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

北祁连走廊南山边麻沟-大岔大坂一带保存了记录新元古代-晚古生代地质演化的众多构造-岩石单元。在边麻沟柴达诺岛弧花岗岩体之上, 不整合覆盖了一套由硅泥质岩、粉砂岩、杂砂岩、砾岩共同组成的浊流沉积组合, 其沉积时代缺乏可靠证据, 沉积物源区和构造属性也缺乏研究。粉砂岩中碎屑锆石具有典型岩浆锆石结构特征, 主要集中于529~484 Ma和466~442 Ma两个年龄群, 最年轻碎屑锆石为425 Ma。结合锆石Hf同位素特征和区域已有同位素年代学资料, 认为这些粉砂岩中的碎屑锆石主要来自柴达诺花岗岩体(516~505 Ma), 其次来自北祁连奥陶-志留纪岛弧中酸性岩浆岩, 少数来自寒武纪蛇绿岩及中元古代基底岩石。综合研究分析认为, 边麻沟浊积岩可能形成于志留纪弧前残余海盆环境。     

Rate of growth of the preserved North American continental crust: Evidence from Hf and O isotopes in Mississippi detrital zircons

Detrital zircons from the Mississippi River have been analyzed for U-Th-Pb, Lu-Hf and O isotopes to constrain the rate of growth of the preserved North American continental crust. One hundred and forty two concordant zircon U/Pb dates on grains mounted in epoxy, obtained by Excimer laser ablation ICP-MS method, resolved six major periods of zircon crystallization: 0-0.25, 0.3-0.6, 0.95-1.25, 1.3-1.5, 1.65-1.95 and 2.5-3.0 Ga. These age ranges match the ages of the recognized lithotectonic units of the North American continent in the hinterland of the Mississippi River. Ninety-six zircons mounted on tape, which show no age zonation and were within 7.5% of concordance, were selected to represent the six U/Pb age time intervals and analyzed for Lu-Hf and O isotope by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS and SHRIMP II, respectively. The δ¹⁸O values of the zircons show a small step increase in the maximum δ¹⁸O values at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary from 7.5‰ in the Archean to 9.5‰, and rarely 13‰, in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. However, the average value of δ¹⁸O in zircons changes little with time, showing that the increase in the maximum δ¹⁸O values between 2.5 and 2.0 Ga, which can be attributed to an increase in the sediment content of the source regions of younger granitoids, is largely balanced by an increase in zircons with anomalously low δ¹⁸O, which can be attributed to hydrothermally altered crust in the granitoid source region.εHf_i values for the zircons range from 13.1 to −26.9. Zircons derived from juvenile crust, which we define as having mantle δ¹⁸O (4.5-6.5‰) and lying within error of the Hf depleted mantle growth curve, are rare or absent in the Mississippi basin. The overwhelming majority of zircons crystallized from melted pre-existing continental crust, or mantle-derived magmas that were contaminated by continental crust. The average time difference between primitive crust formation and remelting for each of the recognized lithotectonic time intervals, which is defined as crustal incubation time in this study, is 890 ± 460 Myr. There is also a suggestion that the crustal incubation time increases with decreasing age in the Mississippi basin, which is consistent with the declining role of radioactive heat production in the lower crust with time.The average Hf model age (1.94 Ga), weighted by fraction of zircons in the river load is in reasonable agreement with the Nd model age (1.7 Ga) for the Mississippi River. However, if the zircons are weighted by the area of North America covered by the six recognized periods of zircon crystallization the average model age is 2.35 Ga, which compares favorably with an area weighted Nd model age of 2.36 Ga. Our preferred approach is to use the measured O isotope values to constrain variations in the ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratio of the granitic source region from which the zircons crystallized, making the assumption that zircons with mantle-like O isotopic ratios have higher ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf than zircons with higher O isotope values. This method gives an average Hf model age of 2.53 Ga, which is 180 Myr older than the constant ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf calculation.The area weighted zircon Hf model ages show two distinct periods of crust formation for the North American continent, 1.6-2.2 and 2.9-3.4 Ga. At least 50% of the preserved North American continental crust was extracted from the mantle by 2.9 Ga and 90% by 1.6 Ga. Two similar periods of crustal growth are also recognized in Gondwana (Hawkesworth C. J. and Kemp A. I. S. (2006) Using hafnium and oxygen isotopes in zircons to unravel the record of crustal evolution. Chem. Geol.226, 144-162.), suggesting that these may be periods of global continental crustal growth. However, we stress that more data from other continents are required before the hypothesis of episodic global continental growth can be accepted with confidence.     

扬子克拉通北部前泥盆纪地壳演化：来自碎屑锆石U- Pb和Hf同位素证据

扬子克拉通前泥盆纪地壳演化过程一直是地学界研究的热点。本文报道了扬子克拉通北部武汉地区玉笋山剖面的志留系坟头组和泥盆系云台观组碎屑沉积岩中锆石U- Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。结果表明，武汉地区坟头组和云台观组样品中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄分别为430±5 Ma和415±5 Ma，将该地区坟头组和云台观组的沉积时代各限定在中志留世和晚泥盆世。碎屑锆石Hf同位素特点表明，沉积物源区在中太古代、新太古代以及新元古代形成了少量初生地壳，而古老地壳的再造主要发生在新太古代、新元古代和古生代，区域上最显著的初生地壳生长时期则是古元古代。综合对比扬子克拉通北部东、西两侧具有明显不同的锆石U- Pb年龄、微量元素和Hf同位素组成，暗示扬子克拉通可能由多个相对独立地壳演化过程的部分构成，而不具有统一的早前寒武纪基底。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区砂岩型铀矿源区及其构造背景分析——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素的证据

通过LA-(MC)ICP-MS碎屑锆石微区U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区中侏罗统直罗组砂岩型铀矿层进行了同位素定年物源示踪研究。结果显示,四个样品的锆石年龄分布均表现出良好的一致性,总体呈现出2500～2300Ma,2000～1750Ma和450～250Ma三个主峰值年龄与2300～2000Ma、1750～1400Ma的次峰期年龄。年代学对比研究揭示,东胜地区砂岩型铀矿的物源主要来自华北克拉通西部陆块阴山地块和中部造山带北部的TTG片麻岩、麻粒岩和孔兹岩,以及海西期的大量火成岩体。碎屑锆石的εHf(t)值由负到正,变化范围较大,显示了古老地壳的再循环过程。其中,1.9Ga和2.5Ga的部分锆石其Hf分析点位于亏损地幔线附近,指示该时期有新生地壳的形成。锆石的二阶段Hf模式年龄分布范围3.8～0.7Ga,但集中于3.0～2.3Ga,在2.8～2.6Ga出现一峰值,说明华北克拉通地壳主要形成于中、新太古代。本文所获得的锆石Hf同位素模式年龄与华北克拉通西部陆块的Hf和Nd同位素模式年龄分布特征非常接近,而与东部陆块有很大差别,从而进一步证实了东、西部陆块在古元古代拼合之前是独立发展的。     

Eoarchean to Mesoarchean crustal evolution in the Dharwar craton,India: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopes

The formation and evolution of continental crust in the Early Earth are of fundamental importance in understanding the emergence of continents, their assembly into supercontinents and evolution of life and environment. The Dharwar Craton in southern India is among the major Archean cratons of the world, where recent studies have shown that the craton formation involved the assembly of several micro-continents during Meso- to Neoarchean through subduction-accretion-collision processes. Here we report U-Pb-Hf isotope data from detrital zircons in a suite of metasediments (including quartz mica schist, fuchsite quartzite and metapelite) from the southern domain of the Chitradurga suture zone that marks the boundary between the Western and Central Dharwar Craton. Morphology and internal structure of the zircon grains suggest that the dominant population was derived from proximal granitic (felsic) sources. Zircon U-Pb data are grouped into Paleo-Mesoarchean and Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic with peaks at 3227 Ma and 2575 Ma. The age spectra of detrital zircon grains, in combination with the Lu-Hf isotopic analyses indicate sediment provenance from magmatic sources with model ages in the range of ca. 3.67 to 2.75 Ga. A transition from dominantly juvenile to a mixture of juvenile and recycled crustal components indicate progressive crustal maturity. The results from this study suggest major crustal growth events during ca. 3.2 Ga and 2.6 Ga in Dharwar. Our study provides insights into continental emergence, weathering and detrital input through river drainage systems into the trench during Eoarchean to Mesoarchean.     

赣东北贵溪地区片岩中碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及其地质意义

应用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素原位微区定年方法及Hf同位素和微量元素分析方法,对华夏地块北部赣东北地区1个云母石英片岩中48个碎屑锆石进行了系统研究。这些锆石大部分具特征的振荡环带,Th/U比值较高(>0.4),稀土元素配分型式左倾(富集HREE),具明显正Ce和负Eu异常,属于特征的岩浆锆石。年代学研究显示,华夏北部新元古代变沉积岩主要在-775 Ma出现峰值并在-840 Ma出现次高峰,说明在此时期有两期大规模的岩浆活动。-840 Ma的峰值锆石对应的εHf(t)值明显分为两个区间,既有正值,也有负值,而在-775 Ma的峰值锆石对应测定的εHf(t)值均为负值。结合前人的Hf同位素测试结果,说明华夏地块新元古代中期岩浆活动主要表现为古老陆壳物质的再循环。形成于古元古代-1770 Ma的一个次高峰的年龄数据非常一致,单一的Hf同位素成分和较好的锆石晶形表明它们最可能捕获于深部的一个古元古代基底岩石。     

华北克拉通胶东地区粉子山群碎屑锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年

胶东是华北克拉通重要的变质基底出露区之一。对该区古元古代粉子山群和荆山群中碎屑锆石的年龄分布特征的研究,可以为胶东地区早前寒武纪演化提供重要依据。由于Pb丢失作用,前人仅在粉子山群中获得少量锆石谐和年龄。本文对粉子山群长石石英片岩中碎屑锆石进行了SHRIMP定年。52颗锆石的61个数据点分析,获得36个谐和年龄(不谐和度10%)。所有具谐和年龄的锆石都具有高的Th/U比值,大多显示明显的岩浆环带,原为岩浆成因。谐和锆石年龄分布在2033~3429Ma之间,主要峰值分别为~2.19Ga和~2.48Ga。该样品中还含有2颗年龄大于3.3Ga的锆石,位于谐和线上的2颗最年轻碎屑锆石的年龄为~2.08Ga。结合前人研究,可得出如下结论:1)粉子山群和荆山群原岩沉积时代可进一步限制在1.9~2.1Ga之间;2)粉子山群与荆山群的碎屑锆石年龄分布形式存在明显区别,指示其源区可能不同;3)胶东地区可能存在古太古代地壳物质。     

U-Pb dating and provenance of detrital zircons from the Upper Precambrian deposits of North Timan

Timan comprises the southwest edge of the Pechora Plate. The plate basement is composed of variably metamorphosed sedimentary, mainly terrigenous, and igneous rocks of the Late Precambrian age that are generally overlain by Ordovician-Cenozoic platform cover. Poor exposition and discontinuous distribution of the Upper Precambrian outcrops of dominantly fossil-free sedimentary rocks cause considerable disagreements in stratigraphic correlation. This applies equally to North Timan, which represents an uplifted block of basement, in which sedimentary-metamorphic rocks form the Barminskaya Group (～5000 m thick), previously dated as Early Riphean to Vendian. Earlier Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope dating of schist and cross-cutting gabbro-dolerite and dolerite established the timing of greenschist facies metamorphism at 700 Ma. Thus, Late Riphean age of the Barminskaya Group has been suggested. Results of local U-Pb dating of detrital zircon from silty sandstones of the Malochernoretskaya Formation, which constitutes the middle part of the outcropping section of the Barminskaya Group, confirm this conclusion. Age data for 95 zircon grains cover the range of 1035–2883 Ma with age peaks at 1150, 1350, 1550, 1780, and 1885 Ma. The minimum age of zircons, considered as the lower age constraint on sediment deposition, provides grounds to date the Barminskaya Group as Late Riphean and indicates eroded rock complexes of the Fennoscandian Shield as the possible provenance areas.     

莺歌海盆地东侧物源年龄标志的建立:来自琼西6条主要河流碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄的研究

利用阴极发光和LA-ICP-MS微区定年分析方法,对海南岛西部6条主要河流入海口现代沉积物700粒碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb年龄分析,获得644个有效数据。研究表明:(1)6条河流具有两组明显不同频谱特征,北部4条河流(珠碧江、昌化江、北黎河和感恩河)主要显示海西—印支期年龄峰(236~257Ma),而南部两条河流(望楼河和宁远河)主要显示燕山晚期年龄峰(约99Ma),这些年龄频谱的特征差异与各河流所流经区域出露的岩浆岩一致,反映了源区对河流碎屑沉积的控制和影响。(2)6条河流年龄变化范围为86~1 600 Ma,主要集中在80~300 Ma,并具有254、238和99 Ma 3个主要年龄峰以及159、1 400~1 600 Ma两个次要峰。254 Ma是源区海南岛不同于华南内陆的一次重要的二叠纪岩浆事件,与古特提斯洋的闭合、俯冲以及碰撞有关;238 Ma也是海南岛一次重要的岩浆事件。海南岛自245 Ma左右进入造山后的伸展环境,从南到北形成一系列三叠纪Ⅰ型和A型花岗岩,三叠纪和二叠纪花岗岩可能是一个事件的连续演化过程。99 Ma碎屑锆石与海南岛同安岭—牛腊岭玄武质安山岩流纹岩、屯昌埃达克岩以及昌江石碌花岗闪长斑岩年龄相匹配,反映了海南岛在燕山期可能受到古太平洋板块西向俯冲的影响。(3)琼西主要河流年龄特征与越南红河存在很大区别,琼西具有燕山晚期(约99 Ma)碎屑锆石年龄,并缺失与红河剪切带构造岩浆变质事件相匹配的喜山期年龄值(22~55 Ma)以及古老锆石年龄。     

华北克拉通西部鄂尔多斯地块长城系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年及意义

自1.85 Ga西部陆块与东部陆块沿中部造山带碰撞拼合形成统一的华北克拉通之后,中—新元古代克拉通经历了广泛的陆内拉伸,形成了熊耳裂陷槽、燕辽裂陷槽、渣尔泰—白云鄂博—化德裂陷槽及东缘裂谷系。前人根据钻井资料及区域地层对比认为鄂尔多斯地块变质基底之上沉积了中元古代长城系—蓟县系。其中,长城系下部主要为石英岩夹板岩,上部为粉砂质板岩、硅质板岩及含燧石条带白云质灰岩与石英砂岩;蓟县系以白云岩为主,夹少量砂岩、页岩。本文对采自鄂尔多斯地块6口钻井中的长城系进行了碎屑锆石年代学研究。结果表明,鄂尔多斯地块长城系浅变质沉积岩的碎屑锆石年龄组成了1.60 Ga、1.85 Ga、1.95 Ga、2.35 Ga和2.50 Ga等峰值。与华北克拉通内部中—新元古代沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄峰值对比结果表明,长城系沉积岩的碎屑物质来自华北克拉通内部。结合区域钻井资料及前人研究成果,推断中元古代鄂尔多斯地块北缘及东缘为隆起剥蚀区,西南部为沉积区,其西南缘为被动大陆边缘,与北秦岭地体之间被宽坪洋分隔。     

Isotope stratigraphy and U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Vendian-Cambrian deposits of the North Muya block

U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the sandstones of the Mamakan Formation has been made. Geochemical and isotope parameters of the carbonate deposits of the Yanguda Formation in the Vendian-Cambrian cover of the North Muya continental block have been estimated. It has been established that only the Neoproterozoic (630-915 Ma) rocks of the North Muya block were the provenances of terrigenous material. In the least altered carbonate rocks of the Yanguda Formation, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio is within 0.70814-0.70879 and δ¹³C varies from -0.4 to + 1.9‰. Comparison of the evaluated isotope parameters with those of carbonate rocks of typical Vendian-Cambrian sections shows that the carbonate deposits of the Yanguda Formation accumulated in the Early Cambrian, about 520 Ma. Sedimentation of the Mamakan and Yanguda Formations took place in the local sedimentary basin in the Vendian-Early Cambrian, in the absence of tectonic activity within the North Muya block. Detrital material that formed during the destruction of the rocks of the Siberian Platform basement and cover was not supplied into the basin.     

Neoarchean (2.5-2.8 Ga) crustal growth of the North China Craton revealed by zircon Hf isotope: A synthesis

The crustal growth of the North China Craton(NCC) during the Neoarchean time(2.5—2.8 Ga) is a hotly controversial topic,with some proposing thai the main crustal growth occurred in the late Neoarchean (2.5—2.6 Ga),in agreement with the time of the magmatism,whereas others suggest that the main crustal accretion took place during early Neoarchean time(2.7—2.8 Ga),consistent with the time of crustalformation of other cratons in the world.Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions can provide rigorous constraints on the time of crustal growth and the evolution and tectonic division of the NCC.In this contribution, we make a comprehensive review of zircon Hf isotope data in combination with zircon U-Pb geochronology and some geochemistry data from various divisions of the NCC with an aim to constrain the Neoarchean crustal growth of the NCC.The results suggest that both 2.7—2.8 Ga and 2.5—2.6 Ga crustal growth are distributed over the NCC and the former is much wider than previously suggested.The Eastern block is characterized by the main 2.7—2.8 Ga crustal growth with local new crustal-formation at 2.5—2.6 Ga,and the Yinshan block is characterized by～2.7 Ga crustal accretion as revealed by Hf-isotope data of detrital zircons from the Zhaertai Group.Detrital zircon data of the Khondalite Belt indicate that the main crustal growth period of the Western block is Paleoproterozoic involving some～2.6 Ga and minor Early- to Middle-Archean crustal components,and the crustal accretion in the Trans-North China Orogen(TNCO) has a wide age range from 2.5 Ga to 2.9 Ga with a notable regional discrepancy.Zircon Hf isotope compositions,coupled with zircon ages and other geochemical data suggest that the southern margin may not be an extension of the TNCO,and the evolution and tectonic division of the NCC is more complex than previously proposed,probably involving multi-stage crustal growth and subduction processes.However, there is no doubt that 2.7—2.8 Ga magmatism and crustal-formation are more widely distributed than previously considered,which is further supported by the data of zircons from Precambrian lower crustal rocks, overlying sedimentary cover,modern river sediments and Late Neoarchean syenogranites.     

新疆乌拉斯台河沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb和Hf同位素研究及其地质意义

本文利用LA-MC-ICP技术,对乌拉斯台河沉积物碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成分析研究。U-Pb测年结果显示,样品中碎屑锆石年龄主要分布在470~390 Ma、380~320 Ma和310~260 Ma。通过与南天山南部河流碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄对比分析,并结合其他相关证据,探讨了古生代中天山南缘的地质演化过程。本文样品中年龄为470~390 Ma的碎屑锆石及南天山南部河流中460~390 Ma的碎屑锆石,揭示了南天山洋在中奥陶—晚泥盆世期间发生的双向俯冲作用。380~320 Ma锆石记录了晚泥盆世—晚石炭世南天山洋北向俯冲到中天山—伊犁地块之下。310~260 Ma的碎屑锆石记录了石炭世晚期南天山洋的闭合和之后发生的同碰撞和碰撞后的岩浆作用。结合Lu-Hf同位素分析结果表明,巴伦台地区古生代期间有大量新生物质逐渐加入到岩浆生成过程中,这可能与南天山洋北向俯冲和该洋盆闭合等过程有关。

     

河北宣化姜家寨铁矿床串岭沟组底部碎屑锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

宣龙式铁矿是我国北方最重要的沉积型铁矿床。华北克拉通长城系串岭沟组底部砂页岩是宣龙式铁矿床的赋存层位,对该地层的年代学研究有助于深入完善长城系地层年代框架、认识区域成岩成矿过程并反演克拉通的演化历史。本文对河北宣化姜家寨铁矿床串岭沟组底部铁矿体顶板砂页岩中碎屑锆石进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,获得了三组主要的峰值年龄,加权平均年龄分别为1774.1±7.9Ma、1849.0±7.8Ma和2453.0±7.8Ma。揭示出华北克拉通中部带经历了三期较为重要的地质构造、岩浆作用和变质作用事件。在串岭沟组下部砂岩中我们获得了4颗较年轻的岩浆碎屑锆石,年龄为1657.4～1694.4Ma,代表了串岭沟组底部形成的时间下限,制约了姜家寨宣龙式铁矿床的形成时代不早于1657Ma。对比研究得出,1774.1Ma的峰值年龄数据与华北克拉通内18亿年后广泛发育的基性岩墙群的形成时代一致,代表了华北克拉通的在拼合后的抬升事件时间。在1.8～1.6Ga华北克拉通拉张期间形成了大庙式等钒钛磁铁矿-磷灰石铁矿(1720Ma左右)。基于时间和区域的一致性,我们推断,遭受抬升剥蚀的富铁基性岩墙群不仅是串岭沟组的物源之一,极有可能也是宣龙式铁矿床中铁质的主要物源之一。     

河西走廊带与澳大利亚的亲缘性——来自牛首山中寒武统碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的证据

在河西走廊带东端牛首山地区中寒武统的沉积岩中开展碎屑锆石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究。结果表明,所采样品U-Pb年龄谱存在3个峰值：0.6~0.8Ga（峰值为669Ma）、1.0~1.3Ga（峰值为1173Ma）、1.6~1.8Ga（峰值为1710Ma）,明显区别于河西走廊带寒武系之上地层中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱和Hf同位素特征表明,典型的格林威尔期的物质和峰值为1710Ma的碎屑物质可能源于澳大利亚西南部,与现有的古生物学和古地磁学研究结果相吻合;中奥陶世随着北祁连洋的进一步扩张及其古地理位置的变化,碎屑物质的源区也随之变化,河西走廊带开始出现0.8~1.0Ga晋宁期的碎屑物质;晚奥陶世后由于祁连山的造山隆起、剥蚀、风化,河西走廊带记录了该地区0.4~0.5Ga的碎屑物质。     

Ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the Permian strata in the engbatu area(Inner Mongolia) and tectonic implications

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) was built up through protracted accretion and collision of a variety of terranes/micro-continents during Neoproterozoice Mesozoic time. To understand potential links among Paleozoic subduction and accretionary processes that were operative during the development of the southeastern CAOB, we conducted a combined U-Pb and Hf-isotope analysis of detrital zircons from previously defined Devonian, Carboniferous and Early Permian strata in the Bengbatu area,Inner Mongolia. Detrital zircons from(meta-) sandstones in these strata commonly yield major Paleozoic age populations at ca. 300-261 Ma, 351-300 Ma and 517-419 Ma, and also give several Precambrian ages that range from 2687 Ma to 544 Ma. The youngest ages redefine the deposition of all these strata to be in the Middle Permian(Wordiane Capitanian) or later, much younger than previously considered.These ages, coupled with regional magmatic records, support an interpretation of most surrounding areas as possible detritus sources, including the Mongolian arcs to the north, the Northern Accretionary Orogen to the south, and the intervening Erenhote Hegenshan Ophiolite Belt. Zircons with magmatic ages of ca. 500-350 Ma and ca. 300-261 Ma display a large range of εHf(t) values(-13.97 to +15.31),whereas ca. 350-300 Ma zircons are dominated by positive εHf(t) values(+0.14 to +16.00). These results support the occurrence of two significant shifts of the zircon εHf(t) values, which has tectonic implications for the understanding of the Carboniferouse Permian evolution of the southeastern CAOB. A marked shift from mixed to positive zircon εHf(t) values at 350 -330 Ma likely manifests the incipient opening of the Hegenshan Ocean, due to the slab rollback of the subducting Paleo-Asian Oceanic lithosphere. Another shift from positive to mixed zircon εHf(t) values at ca. 300 Ma likely corresponds to a tectonic switch from syn-orogenic subduction-related to post-orogenic extensional setting, genetically related to the tectonic collapse of a formerly overthickened crust.     

Growth rate of the preserved continental crust: II. Constraints from Hf and O isotopes in detrital zircons from Greater Russian Rivers

Detrital zircons from the Ob, Yenisey, Lena, Amur, Volga, Dnieper, Don and Pechora rivers have been analyzed for U-Th-Pb, O and Lu-Hf isotopes to constrain the growth rate of the preserved continental crust in Greater Russia. Four major periods of zircon crystallization, 0.1-0.55, 0.95-1.3, 1.45-2.0 and 2.5-2.9 Ga, were resolved from a compilation of 1366 zircon U/Pb ages. The Archean zircons have δ¹⁸O values lying between 4.53‰ and 7.33‰, whereas Proterozoic and Phanerozoic zircons have a larger range of δ¹⁸O values in each of the recognized U/Pb time intervals with maximum δ¹⁸O values up to 12‰. We interpret the zircons with δ¹⁸O between 4.5‰ and 6.5‰ to have been derived from a magmatic precursor that contains little or no sedimentary component. The variable δ¹⁸O values of the zircons were used to constrain the ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios of the crustal source region of the zircons, which, in turn, were used to calculate Hf model ages (T_DM^V). The crustal incubation time, the time difference between primitive crust formation (dated by T_DM^V) and crustal melting (dated by zircon U/Pb age), varies between 300 to 1000 Myr for the majority of analyzed zircon grains, but can be up to 2500 Myr. The average T_DM^V Hf model age weighted by the fraction of zircons in the river load is 2.12 Ga, which is in reasonable agreement with the area-weighted average of 2.25 Ga. The T_DM^V Hf model age crustal growth curve for zircons with mantle-like δ¹⁸O values (4.5-6.5‰), weighted by area, shows that growth of the Great Russian continental crust started at 4.2 Ga, and that there are two principal periods of crustal growth, 3.6-3.3 Ga and 0.8-0.6 Ga, which are separated by an interval of low but more or less continuous growth. An alternative interpretation, in which the average ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratio (0.0115) of the continental crust is used for the Paleoproterozoic zircons from the Lena River, lowers the average T_DM^V age of these grains by about 500 Myr and delays the onset of significant crustal growth to 3.5 Ga.The two principal growth periods recognized in Greater Russia differ from those identified from the Gondwana and the Mississippi river basin, which show peaks at 1.7-1.9 and 2.9-3.1 Ga (Hawkesworth and Kemp, 2006a) and 1.6-2.2 and 2.9-3.4 Ga (Wang et al., 2009), respectively. The older 3.6-3.3 Ga or 3.5-3.3 Ga peak for Greater Russia is slightly older than the older Gondwana-Mississippi peaks, whereas the younger 0.8-0.6 Ga peak is distinctly younger than the youngest peak in either Gondwana or the Mississippi river basin. This suggests that the two major peaks of crustal growth identified in Gondwana and the Mississippi river basin may not be global periods of enhanced continental growth and that the major periods of crustal growth may differ from continent to continent.