纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝

在以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成制备纳米TiO2催化剂样品的基础上,将其用于在紫外光照射和无光照射条件下进行亚甲基蓝降解的实验研究,并与P-25纳米TiO2进行光催化降解对比研究。对在不同条件下合成制备样品的光催化降解率的差异,通过X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜等从物相组成、微观结构等因素上进行了分析和探讨。结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法在450℃焙烧2 h所得到的纳米TiO2具有很好的光催化降解亚甲基蓝的能力,当催化剂样品质量浓度为2.5 g/L,亚甲基蓝初始浓度为5.0 mg/L时,室温下光催化反应3 h,其降解率达98%以上,其光催化降解率比P-25纳米TiO2高;光催化降解率与催化剂样品的制备条件、物相组成、颗粒尺寸等因素有关。     

微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2及其光催化性能研究

以微晶白云母为载体,钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成制备微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂,然后用X射线衍射,扫描电镜等对微晶白云母负载TiO2光催化剂进行表征。再以微晶白云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝进行了光催化降解研究,特别针对有无紫外光照射条件下微晶白云母、纳米TiO2、微晶白云母/纳米TiO2等在亚甲基蓝溶液中的行为进行研究,结果表明:所制备的微晶白云母负载TiO2光催化剂对亚甲基蓝具有较好的光催化降解能力,1250目微晶白云母负载TiO2在紫外光照射下光催化反应4h,其降解率可达99%以上。     

蒙脱石基纳米FeOOH/TiO2复合材料的制备与光催化活性研究

以蒙脱石为基底,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛/蒙脱石(TiO2/Mmt)复合光催化材料,通过Fe(NO3)3-HNO3体系水解生长纳米FeOOH,从而制备出负载型羟基氧化铁/二氧化钛/蒙脱石(FeOOH/TiO3/Mmt)复合光催化材料以改善材料在可见光下的光催化性能.高分辨透射电镜的表征结果显示,FeOOH/TiO2复合薄膜厚度约为10～40 nm,TiO2为晶粒粒径约为5～10nm的锐钛矿,FeOOH为长10～30 nm,宽约4 nm的针铁矿.以甲基橙为目标物,对FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt复合材料的光催化性能进行初探,在甲基橙初始浓度为5 mg/L,催化剂用量为1.875 g/L,H2O2初始浓度为2 mmol/L,pH值为6.5,350 W氙灯照射1 h,甲基橙脱色率达到99%,明显优于相同条件下TiO2/Mint对甲基橙的45%脱色率;同时甲基橙残液的红外光谱图显示FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt/H2O2/UV体系比FeOOH/TiO2/Mint/H2O2/Visible light体系具备更好的光催化氧化苯环的能力,降解更为彻底.     

H_2O_2增效TiO_2/凹凸棒石光催化体系降解亚甲基蓝

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,天然凹凸棒石为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO_2/凹凸棒石复合光催化剂,并用XRD、TEM对其进行表征.以亚甲基蓝染料为模拟污染物,采用300 W汞灯为紫外光源,以光催化实验来评价该催化剂的活性,并研究了H_2O_2的引入对光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明,H_2O_2能显著提高染料的脱色效率:亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为50 mg/L,催化体系为2 mmol/L H_2O_2+0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV(紫外线),光催化10 min后其脱色率为95%,相对于单独的0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV催化体系,其脱色率提高了约50%.全波段扫描显示,加入H_2O_2后,亚甲基蓝在290 nm对应的苯环吸收蜂急剧下降,665 nm对应的最大吸收峰则近乎消失,且没有新的吸收峰产生.     

钛柱撑蒙脱石光催化降解亚甲基蓝的实验研究

采用TiCl4水解法制备钛柱化剂与钠蒙脱石离子交换后,自然风干、焙烧得到具有稳定层结构、大晶面间距(2.26 nm)和大比表面积(285.7 m2/g)的钛柱撑蒙脱石(Ti-PILM)。用制备的Ti-PILM对亚甲基蓝(MB)进行紫外光作用下的光催化降解实验,并与层结构不规则的Ti-PILM在相同条件下对MB的光催化效果进行对比,研究MB的初始浓度、Ti-PILM投放量、pH对光催化降解效果的影响。结果表明,室温条件下,降解时间120 min,当Ti-PILM投样量等于2 g/L,MB初始浓度为50 mg/L,pH为7时,Ti-PILM对MB降解速度最高。与纳米TiO2不同,Ti-PILM对MB的降解率和降解初速率与MB在其表面的吸附行为密切相关。     

纳米TiO2/天然矿物复合材料的环境效应

本文系统论述了国内外有关纳米TiO2/矿物复合材料的研究和应用现状,重点介绍了负载纳米TiO2的矿物种类及其复合材料在环境科学研究中的应用。分别介绍了氧化物、层状硅酸盐、架状硅酸盐和硅藻土,重点论述了层状硅酸盐类。纳米TiO2/矿物复合材料主要应用于降解有机污染物(如有机染料、苯酚、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝、邻氯苯酚、DDVP、HCH、DDT、DDE、DDD、反式氯丹和顺式氯丹等),将其变为H2O、CO2等无害小分子化合物,不产生二次污染。纳米TiO2/天然矿物复合材料对污染物的降解效果优于单相TiO2,在环境方面的应用很有潜力。     

掺铂有机-钛柱撑膨润土复合材料的吸附和光催化性能研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基二甲基溴化铵对临安膨润上进行改性修饰，以钛酸丁酯和K2P1Cl6为前驱体，利用掺有小同量铂的TiO2溶胶对改性膨润土进行反应，制得一系列掺铂有机-钛柱撑膨润土复合材料。测定了复合材料的BET比表面积，利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量分散光谱（EDS）等手段对其微观结构进行了表征。以甲基橙染料为目标污染物，考察了复合材料的吸附能力和光催化活性。实验结果表明，掺铂的有机-钛柱撑膨润土复合材料比未掺铂的复合材料具有较好的层状结构，且对甲基橙的吸附能力较佳。由于铂能够充当捕获载流子的陷阱，能够有效抑制TiO2光生电子-空穴的复合，所以掺铂有机-钛柱撑膨润土复合材料具有更好的光催化性能，其中掺铂量为0．2％的复合材料的光催化活性最佳，对甲基橙的降解效果最好。     

漆酶和生物炭固定化海藻酸铜球对亚甲基蓝染料的去除效果实验

染料废水中存在着大量的亚甲基蓝污染物,本文以具有良好生物相容性的海藻酸铜(CA)为载体,采用包埋的形式制备漆酶和生物炭固定化海藻酸铜球(Lac-BCA),对亚甲基蓝染料进行去除研究,并探讨酶的加载特性与稳定性。实验结果表明：与游离漆酶相比,固定在CA上的漆酶在pH(3～7)和温度(10～80℃)工作范围内,具有更强的稳定性,其在4℃的条件下储存15 d,仍具有79.4%的活性;Lac-BCA对15 mg/L的亚甲基蓝在8 h的去除率达到了100.0%,且在重复利用5次后,该复合材料对亚甲基蓝的去除率稳定保持在93.4%;另外,由于高吸附性的生物炭以及漆酶的加入,相比于CA, Lac-BCA对15 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液去除率从46%提升至100%。     

硅烷偶联剂改性TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂黏结剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法将TiO2（P25）负载在膨胀石墨上,利用XRD、EDS以及SEM等分析技术对TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料进行表征;以橙黄Ⅱ为目标降解物,考察了TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料光催化性能以及重复使用性能。结果表明：随着TiO2含量的增加,TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的光催化效率随之增加,对橙黄Ⅱ的光催化降解符合一级反应动力学方程,TiO2负载量为15%时,反应速率常数为0.387 h-1,高于P25的反应速率常数。TiO2/膨胀石墨复合物使用4次仍保持较高的光催化活性。     

微波处理TiO2柱撑蒙脱石的光催化性能

采用微波处理方法合成了TiO2结晶体柱撑蒙脱石光催化材料,采用XRD、BET吸附和降解甲基橙实验分析了柱撑蒙脱石的结构、锐钛矿金红石晶相比例、比表面积和光催化性能。结果证实,微波功率与辐照时间等条件将影响材料的结构与性能;与传统加热方式比较,微波处理可获得锐钛矿相含量高的混晶TiO2;该TiO2柱撑蒙脱石具备优异的光催化性能。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861