基于混合核函数PSO-LSSVM的边坡变形预测

支持向量机（SVM）的核函数类型和超参数对边坡位移时序预测的精度有重要影响。鉴于局部核函数学习能力强、泛化性能弱,而全局核函数泛化性能强、学习能力弱的矛盾,通过综合两类核函数各自优点构造了基于全局多项式核和高斯核的混合核函数,并引入粒子群算法（PSO）对最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）超参数进行全局寻优,提出了边坡位移时序预测的混合核函数PSO-LSSVM模型。将模型应用于锦屏一级水电站左岸岩石高边坡变形预测分析,并与传统核函数支持向量机预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该模型较传统方法在预测精度上有了明显提高,预测结果科学可靠,在边坡位移时序预测中具有良好的实际应用价值。     

地震多属性综合解释的支持向量机方法研究

能够同时对多种属性进行训练,具有优秀推广能力的支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,简称SVM)方法是进行高精度地震参数预测的有力保障。然而,支持向量机中用于构建回归估计函数的参数最优解很难确定。针对该问题,通过建立数学模型进行参数选择研究,总结出了参数ε、C、σ2对样本预测的影响规律。在此基础上提出了求取惩罚因子C和核参数σ2的权系数公式。结合提出的参数求取公式,利用支持向量机方法,以地震属性为输入向量对渤海SZ36-1油田的砂泥岩百分比和孔隙度进行了预测。结果表明,利用该方法对储层参数进行预测具有较高的预测精度;权系数公式的提出极大地缩短了构建回归估计函数所耗用的时间,简化了参数选取的难度。     

基于组合核函数的高斯过程边坡角智能设计

高斯过程(GP)是近年来发展迅速的一种全新学习机。与支持向量机(SVM)相比,该方法有着容易实现、超参数可自适应获取及预测输出具有概率意义等优点。结合边坡工程中的边坡角设计,编写了在多种因素影响下边坡角设计的GP程序,为克服单一核函数预测精度和网络泛化能力差的缺点,采用单一核函数相加作为GP的组合核函数,将自动关联性测定参数（ARD）引入其中,建立了关于超参数的GP回归网络模型,使用共轭梯度下降算法导出最优超参数,用ARD超参数进行输入属性相关性分析和特征选取,并以此网络对测试样本进行学习预测,结合支持向量回归方法给出了在回归问题上的应用和对比分析。结果表明：在边坡角智能设计应用中,采用组合核函数的GPR网络ARD参数具有明确的物理意义,预测回归性能优于SVM,且预测输出的概率解释能更好的体现预测值的代表性,为边坡角设计开辟新径。     

基于PSO-SVM的边坡稳定性组合预测方法研究

为利用不同边坡稳定预测方法的特征信息,改进预测质量,提出了一种基于微粒群优化--支持向量机(PSO-SVM)的边坡稳定性非线性组合预测模型。该模型能够利用边坡的特征参数快速预测出边坡的稳定性,且在建模过程中可对不同建模方法的特征信息进行整合,避免了单一方法的偶然性。为提高SVM的学习、泛化能力,采用混合核函数,并用具有并行性和分布式特点的PSO算法优化选择SVM模型参数。利用该非线性组合预测模型对73个边坡实例进行学习,对另外10个边坡实例进行推广预测,研究结果表明,该模型较好地整合了不同建模方法的特征信息,较单一模型、加权组合模型和BP网络组合模型具有更高的预测精度和更小的峰值误差,为边坡稳定性评价提供了一种新的途径。     

基于正交设计下SVM滑坡变形时序回归预测的超参数选择

超参数的选择直接影响着支持向量机（SVM）的泛化性能和回归效验,是确保SVM优秀性能的关键。针对超参数穷举搜索方法的难点,从试验设计的角度,提出了正交设计超参选择方法,并分析了基于混合核函数（比单一核函数具有更好的收敛性和模型适应性）SVM各个超参数的取值范围,选定了每个参数的试验水平。通过考虑参数间的正交性和交互性,选取最优超参数组合下的SVM模型。应用该方法,对两种典型滑坡位移时序的SVM建模进行了超参数组合正交优化设计,获得了精度高且泛化性能良好的滑坡预测模型,其试验结果验证了方法的可靠性。正交设计超参选择方法较之其他超参选择法简单实用,其高时效的特点更有助于SVM在实践工程中的良好应用。     

基于时间序列与混合核函数SA-SVR的滑坡位移预测模型研究

本文针对阶跃型滑坡变形定量预测困难,提出一种基于时间序列分解与混合核函数SA-SVR的滑坡位移预测模型.首先基于时间序列分解原理,反复使用指数平滑法将滑坡累积位移分解为趋势项位移和周期项位移,使分解后的趋势项位移较平滑且能保证周期项位移的预测精度.同时针对多项式预测容易过拟合造成预测值偏离真实值的问题,采用K-flod...     

滑坡位移时序预测的核函数构造

获得支持向量机(SVM)背景下滑坡位移时序准确预测的关键,是构造或选择一合适的核函数。通过分析滑坡位移时序曲线特征以及不同类型Mercer核的性质,从基于核函数上的封闭运算角度,构造出支持向量机背景下预测滑坡位移时序的最佳核函数。利用3组不同特征的滑坡位移时序,对构造出的核函数进行性能检验,数值实验表明：对于典型的3组滑坡时序,LPG与MPG核的学习性能要优于简单核,且前者适合复杂位移时序的回归预测,而后者更适合规律性较强的简单时序曲线的建模预测。此外,探讨了这两种核函数下的核参数取值对模型精度的影响。     

核主成分分析与支持向量机模型在储层识别中的应用

针对低孔、低渗致密储层识别较常规储层难这一问题,首次应用核主成分分析与支持向量机(KPCA-SVM)模型进行储层识别.该模型先通过核主成分分析(KPCA)进行非线性特征参数提取,然后将提取的特征参数作为支持向量机(SVM)的输入变量,最终实现储层识别.由于KPCA-SVM模型集成了核函数、主成分和支持向量分类机的优点,较好地解决非线性小样本的问题,能消除数据之间的噪音,降低维数,而又不缺失有效信息,达到准确快速预测的功能.将该模型应用到新场须二气藏新856井区储层预测中,预测结果验证了本模型的优越性,可作为致密储层预测的可选方法.     

A comparative analysis among computational intelligence techniques for dissolved oxygen prediction in Delaware River

Most of the water quality models previously developed and used in dissolved oxygen (DO) prediction are complex. Moreover, reliable data available to develop/calibrate new DO models is scarce. Therefore, there is a need to study and develop models that can handle easily measurable parameters of a particular site, even with short length. In recent decades, computational intelligence techniques, as effective approaches for predicting complicated and significant indicator of the state of aquatic ecosystems such as DO, have created a great change in predictions. In this study, three different AI methods comprising: (1) two types of artificial neural networks (ANN) namely multi linear perceptron (MLP) and radial based function (RBF); (2) an advancement of genetic programming namely linear genetic programming (LGP); and (3) a support vector machine (SVM) technique were used for DO prediction in Delaware River located at Trenton, USA. For evaluating the performance of the proposed models, root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NS), mean absolute relative error (MARE) and, correlation coefficient statistics (R) were used to choose the best predictive model. The comparison of estimation accuracies of various intelligence models illustrated that the SVM was able to develop the most accurate model in DO estimation in comparison to other models. Also, it was found that the LGP model performs better than the both ANNs models. For example, the determination coefficient was 0.99 for the best SVM model, while it was 0.96, 0.91 and 0.81 for the best LGP, MLP and RBF models, respectively. In general, the results indicated that an SVM model could be employed satisfactorily in DO estimation.     

Back-propagation neural network and support vector machines for gold mineral prospectivity mapping in the Hatu region,Xinjiang, China

Machine Learning technologies have the potential to deliver new nonlinear mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) models. In this study, Back Propagation (BP) neural network Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods were applied to MPM in the Hatu region of Xinjiang, northwestern China. First, a conceptual model of mineral prospectivity for Au deposits was constructed by analysis of geological background. Evidential layers were selected and transformed into a binary data format. Then, the processes of selecting samples and parameters were described. For the BP model, the parameters of the network were 9–10???1; for the SVM model, a radial basis function was selected as the kernel function with best C?=?1 and γ = 0.25. MPM models using these parameters were constructed, and threshold values of prediction results were determined by the concentration-area (C-A) method. Finally, prediction results from the BP neural network and SVM model were compared with that of a conventional method that is the weight- of- evidence (W- of- E). The prospectivity efficacy was evaluated by traditional statistical analysis, prediction-area (P-A) plots, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) technique. Given the higher intersection position (74% of the known deposits were within 26% of the total area) and the larger AUC values (0.825), the result shows that the model built by the BP neural network algorithm has a relatively better prediction capability for MPM. The BP neural network algorithm applied in MPM can elucidate the next investigative steps in the study area.     

Bagging based Support Vector Machines for spatial prediction of landslides

A hybrid Bagging based Support Vector Machines (BSVM) method, which is a combination of Bagging Ensemble and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, was proposed for the spatial prediction of landslides at the district of Mu Cang Chai, Viet Nam. In the present study, 248 past landslides and fifteen geo-environmental factors (curvature, elevation, distance to rivers, slope, aspect, river density, plan curvature, distance to faults, profile curvature, fault density, lithology, distance to roads, rainfall, land use, and road density) were considered for the model construction. Different evaluation criteria were applied to validate the proposed hybrid model such as statistical index-based methods and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The single SVM and the Naïve Bayes Trees (NBT) models were selected for comparison. Based on the AUC values, the proposed hybrid model BSVM (0.812) outperformed the SVM (0.804) and NBT (0.8) models. Thus, the BSVM is a promising and better method for landslide prediction.     

基于改进的SVM技术和高光谱遥感的标准矿物定量计算

基于支持向量机(SVM)统计理论,并对其从核函数构造方面进行改进,通过主成分分析、包络线去除、光谱导数变换等对原始Hyperion高光谱数据进行降维、变换与特征提取,分析比较了这些变换后不同的回归效果,并将其应用在内蒙古霍林郭勒地区岩石中氧化物质量分数的反演中。同时,鉴于某些重要矿物本身并没有明显的特征光谱曲线,提出一种新的矿物定量方法。首先,基于高光谱遥感数据,利用改进的SVM回归技术反演矿物中的化学成分,然后通过标准矿物计算（CIPW）推导岩石中标准矿物的质量分数。研究结果表明：基于改进核函数后的SVM回归精度有所提高,其中导数变换后的反演精度达74.87%,比原始光谱反演精度提高了4.11%。CIPW应用于高光谱遥感地质填图效果良好,为岩性鉴定和评价提供了科学依据。     

基于改进遗传算法的Holt-Winters模型在采空沉陷预测中的应用

针对遗传算法存在的缺陷,提出了用小生境方法改进遗传算法。为了提高采空沉陷预测精度,借助Holt-Winters模型的预测功能,应用改进遗传算法求解和优化Holt-Winters模型组合参数,形成了改进遗传算法-Holt-Winters模型组合算法。将组合算法应用于长平高速公路采空区路段沉陷预测,计算表明：改进遗传算法弥补了传统遗传算法易早熟、局部寻优能力弱的缺陷;改进遗传算法-Holt-Winters模型组合算法克服了按梯度试算法搜索质量差和精度不高的缺点,输出稳定性好,预测结果相对误差在2%以内,预测精度显著提高;在采空沉陷中长期预测的相对误差小于0.79%,该算法可用于中长期采空沉陷预测。     

基于网格搜索法优化支持向量机的围岩稳定性分类模型

为科学评价围岩稳定性,本次研究借助支持向量机(SVM)处理小样本、非线性问题能力强的特性,对围岩的稳定性进行了分类。选取16组围岩数据作为学习样本,以岩石质量指标、岩石单轴饱和抗压强度、完整性系数、结构面强度系数和地下水渗水量5个指标作为模型输入,围岩稳定程度为模型输出,建立了基于支持向量机的围岩稳定性分类模型。为增强模型的推广性能,提高其预测准确率,运用改进的网格搜索方法(GSM)寻找最优的支持向量机参数,并对8组围岩数据进行预测,并同BP神经网络模型的预测结果进行对比。结果表明,建立的GSM-SVM模型对预测样本的评判结果与实际结果一致,其预测精度较BP神经网络有很大的提升。     

基于自适应差分克里金的煤质指标估算

煤炭质量核心指标的估算有利于煤炭质量的管控,并为智能开采、分质开采提供科学依据。将克里金插值法引入到煤质指标估算模型的建立,利用差分进化算法求解其变差函数的模型参数;针对在差分进化过程中因"早熟"现象导致最优解被破坏的问题,在变异过程中设计可动态修正变异方向的缩放因子,提出修正变异方向的自适应差分进化算法(UMDE)来确定变差函数的模型参数,并用该方法对煤矿井下未开采区域的全水分进行克里金插值。通过交叉验证与对比实验,证明基于自适应差分克里金方法(UMDE-Kriging)构建的煤质指标估算模型较其他优化方案在估算精度上有显著提升。     

Machine learning techniques applied to prediction of residual strength of clay

Stability with first time or reactivated landslides depends upon the residual shear strength of soil. This paper describes prediction of the residual strength of soil based on index properties using two machine learning techniques. Different Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models and Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques have been used. SVM aims at minimizing a bound on the generalization error of a model rather than at minimizing the error on the training data only. The ANN models along with their generalizations capabilities are presented here for comparisons. This study also highlights the capability of SVM model over ANN models for the prediction of the residual strength of soil. Based on different statistical parameters, the SVM model is found to be better than the developed ANN models. A model equation has been developed for prediction of the residual strength based on the SVM for practicing geotechnical engineers. Sensitivity analyses have been also performed to investigate the effects of different index properties on the residual strength of soil.     

A study of soft computing models for prediction of longitudinal wave velocity

Genetic algorithm (GA) and support vector machine (SVM) optimization techniques are applied widely in the area of geophysics, civil, biology, mining, and geo-mechanics. Due to its versatility, it is being applied widely in almost every field of engineering. In this paper, the important features of GA and SVM are discussed as well as prediction of longitudinal wave velocity and its advantages over other conventional prediction methods. Longitudinal wave measurement is an indicator of peak particle velocity (PPV) during blasting and is an important parameter to be determined to minimize the damage caused by ground vibrations. The dynamic wave velocity and physico-mechanical properties of rock significantly affect the fracture propagation in rock. GA and SVM models are designed to predict the longitudinal wave velocity induced by ground vibrations. Chaos optimization algorithm has been used in SVM to find the optimal parameters of the model to increase the learning and prediction efficiency. GA model also has been developed and has used an objective function to be minimized. A parametric study for selecting the optimized parameters of GA model was done to select the best value. The mean absolute percentage error for the predicted wave velocity (V) value has been found to be the least (0.258 %) for GA as compared to values obtained by multivariate regression analysis (MVRA), artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and SVM.     

基于灰色关联度模型的区域滑坡敏感性评价

数理统计和机器学习模型如支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)等,在区域滑坡敏感性评价中得到广泛的应用.但这些模型的建模过程往往较复杂,如在对机器学习进行训练和测试时难以选取合理的非滑坡栅格单元,而且有较多的模型参数需要确定.为提高滑坡敏感性评价建模的效率和精度,提出基于灰色关联度的敏感性评价模型.灰色关联度模型能有效计算各比较样本与参考样本之间的定量的关联度,具有建模过程简洁和评价精度高的优点,该模型目前在区域滑坡敏感性评价中的应用还没有引起研究人员的足够关注且有待进一步拓展.拟将灰色关联度模型用于浙江省飞云江流域南田—雅梅图幅(南田地区)的滑坡敏感性评价,并将得到的评价结果与SVM模型的敏感性评价结果作对比分析.结果显示,灰色关联度模型在高和极高敏感区的滑坡预测精度优于SVM模型,而在中等敏感区的滑坡预测精度略低于SVM模型;整体而言,灰色关联度模型对整个南田地区滑坡敏感性分布的预测精度略高于SVM模型.对两个模型建模过程的对比结果显示,灰色关联度模型建模较简单,具有比SVM模型更高的建模效率,为滑坡敏感性评价提供了一种新思路.     

基于GA-SVM的矿井涌水量预测

矿井涌水量的准确预测对预防矿山透水事故的发生至关重要,提出利用GA优化的SVM模型（GA-SVM）来实现矿井涌水量的短期准确预测。该方法利用GA的自动寻优功能寻找SVM的最佳参数,提高了预测的准确率。首先,利用微熵率法求矿井涌水量时间序列的最佳嵌入维数和延迟时间,进行相空间重构。其次,采集义煤集团千秋煤矿2011—2015年实际涌水量的时间序列,利用GA-SVM模型对最后12组数据进行预测,其预测平均绝对百分比误差仅为0.92%,最大相对误差为2.62%。最后,与PSO-SVM和BP神经网络预测进行对比,结果表明GA-SVM优化模型适用于矿井涌水量的预测并且预测精度较高。      

基于支持向量机的膨胀土胀缩等级预测

膨胀土的胀缩等级判定对膨胀土地区工程建设具有重要的意义。为此,本文提出了一种基于支持向量回归机（SVR）模型的膨胀土胀缩等级预测方法。基于肯尼亚“蒙内铁路”沿线膨胀土的土工试验数据,以土体自由膨胀率作为预测目标,构建了包含两种不同预测指标体系的膨胀土胀缩等级预测模型。模型I以液限、塑限、塑性指数、3种不同粒径的颗粒含量（< 0.075、0.075～0.25、0.25～0.5）、土的类型为输入参数,模型II以液限、塑限、塑性指数、粒径< 0.075的颗粒含量、土的类型为预测参数。两个模型在预测时采用Linear、Polynomial、RBF和Sigmoid核函数进行训练。结果表明:（1）当预测采样次数达到1000次时,训练模型均趋于稳定;（2）整体而言,模型I的预测精度要优于模型II,模型I中采用RBF核函数建立的模型给出了最高准确率86.6%,其次为Linear核函数（准确率82.9%）和Sigmoid和函数（准确率75.1%）。模型II中采用RBF核函数建立的模型给出了最高准确率77.4%,其次为Linear核函数（准确率74.3%）和Sigmoid和函数（准确率72.9%）;（3）采用Linear函数、Sigmoid函数和RBF函数作为核函数模型对44组未知胀缩等级的土样预测时,模型I中三者预测结果相同的数量占比为73%,其余组土样的预测胀缩等级相同或相邻,不存在“越级”现象,模型II中三者预测结果相同的数量占比为68%,不存在“越级”现象。最后,通过与模糊层次分析法评价结果对比,进一步证明了本文研究结果可为肯尼亚等类似地区工程建设中膨胀土的胀缩等级预测和处理提供依据。