Impacts of land use change on landscape patterns in mountain human settlement: The case study of Hantai District(Shaanxi,China)

Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation.     

边城廿八都

浙西南的江山市廿八都镇,地处浙闽赣三省交界。四面群山拱卫,仙霞古道穿镇而过,自古有“东南锁钥,入闽咽喉”之称。小镇类似文学家沈从文笔下的边城,当时“也有商人落脚的客店,坐镇不动的理发馆。此外,饭店、杂货铺、油行、盐栈、花衣庄,莫不各有一种地位,装点这条小河街。”而唐宋古道驿站遗址和明清古桥民居至今尚存。     

"一户一宅"的思考

《土地管理法》第六十二条规定,农村村民一户只能拥有一处宅基地。这对于节约集约用地,强化农村宅基地管理具有十分重要的指导意义。长期以来,农村旧的宅基地管理模式造成农村村民住房严重超标,一户多宅以及空心村的现象普遍存在,农村宅基地极度浪费。“一户一宅”制从当前全国农村的实际出发,对农村宅基地使用作出了科学合理的界定。但是,在执行“一户一宅”过程中,也出现一些新情况新问题,在市场经济条件下,这些新情况新问题必须在立法和实践中加以解决,并不断完善现有的制度,以达到科学合理地利用农村土地。     

房地产宏观政策期待加大执行力

4月27日,中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究中心和社会科学文献出版社联合主办的2007年中国房地产高峰论坛暨《 房地产蓝皮书》2007年版出版发布会在北京举行.来自中国社会科学院、国土资源部、建设部、国家统计局、中国房地产协会等部门的专家、学者和官员出席了会议.     

Influence of the roots of mixed-planting species on the shear strength of saline loess soil

In order to improve our knowledge of the mechanical effect of the roots of mixed-plantings on soil reinforcement and slope protection,the influence of roots of a mixed-planting with four herb species(Medicago sativa L.,Elymus nutans Griseb.,Puccinellia distanx(L.),and Poa pratensis L.)and one shrub species(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)were investigated on the shear strength characteristics of saline loess soil.The root distribution characteristics were assessed via a survey when the plants grew for one year.The effects of the root biomass density,the root mass ratio(RMR)of the fine roots to the coarse roots,the moisture content,and the salt content on the shear strength index of the rooted soil were analyzed via a triaxial compression test,and the mechanism of these effects was discussed.The results indicate that the biomass density decreased linearly with increasing depth.The RMR initially decreased with depth and then increased,exhibiting in a quadratic relationship.The cohesion of the rooted soil increased linearly as the biomass density increased.The cohesion of the rooted soil initially increased with increasing RMR and salt content,and then it decreased.The turning point of the cohesion occurred when the RMR was 0.6 and the salt content was 1.18%.The internal friction angle of the rooted soil initially increased with biomass density and then decreased,and the turning point of the internal friction angle occurred when the biomass density was 0.015 g/cm3.The relationships between the internal friction angle of the rooted soil and the RMR and salt content were exponential incremental and linear subtractive relationship,respectively.Both the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the rooted soil linearly decreased with increasing moisture content.     

Combined Bearing Capacity of Spudcans on a Double Layer Deposit of Strong-Over-Weak Clays

An extreme sea storm process can lead to a jack-up rig under the combined loading condition of vertical load(V), horizontal load(H), and moment(M) to have stability problems. This paper presents the analysis of combined bearing capacities of a circular spudcan on layered clays with a strong layer overlying a comparatively weaker layer. Numerical models combined with displacement-based load tests, swipe tests, and constant ratio displacement probe tests are adopted to calculate the uniaxial bearing capacities, failure envelopes in combined V-H, V-M planes, and failure envelopes in a combined V-H-M load space, respectively. A parametric study on the effects of vertical load level V, the layer strength ratio s_u,t/s_u,b, and the hard layer thickness t_1 on the bearing capacities is then performed. Results show that the vertical load level is a key factor that influences the values of H and M and the size of the H-M failure envelope. The existence of the underlying weak clay decreases the bearing capacities in all directions, and the vertical capacity Vult is affected more than the horizontal(H_ult) and moment(M_ult) capacities based on a single uniform deposit. The influence of the underlying weak clay on H-M failure envelope is mainly shown where H and M are coupled in the same direction. In contrast, little difference is observed when H and M are coupled in opposite directions.     

Characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche triggered by a paleo-earthquake in the Northern Qinling Mountains

Analyzing large prehistoric rock avalanches provides significant data for evaluating the disaster posed by these relatively infrequent but destructive geological events. This paper attempts to study the characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi granitic rock avalanche, in the middle of the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, 30 km to the south of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. In plane view, this rock avalanche is characterized by source area, accumulation area and dammed lake area. Based on previous studies, historical records and regional geological data, the major trigger of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche is considered to be a strong paleo-earthquake with tremendous energy. The in situ deposit block size distributions of the intact rock mass and the debris deposits are presented and analyzed by using a simple model for estimating the number of fragmentation cycles that the blocks underwent. The results show that the primary controlling factor of the fragmentation process is the pre-existing fractures, and there is a relationship between the potential energy and the fragmentation energy: the latter is approximately 20% of the former. Based on the dynamic discrete element technique, the study proposes a four-stage model for the dynamic course of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche:(1) failing;(2) highspeed sliding;(3) collision with obstacles;(4) decelerated sliding, which has implication for hazard assessment of the potential rock avalanches in China and other countries with similar geological setting.     

湘西自治州贯彻执行《土地管理法》调查报告

为推进湘西自治州贯彻执行《中华人民共和国土地管理法》(以下简称《土地管理法》)工作的健康发展,州政协委员视察组一行13人,对《土地管理法》颁布实施以来全州8     

Oxidation Modification of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber and Its Electro-Chemical Performance as Marine Electrode for Electric Field Test

A novel sensor for ocean electric field testing has been fabricated by polyacrylonitrile-based on carbon fibers with electro-chemical oxidation.The surface profile characteristics of the carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectra and contact angle.Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel curves have been used to study its electro-chemical performances.Two identical electrodes in sea water as the electric field sensor will swiftly respond to applied electric field which causes positive and negative ions to move in opposite direction,resulting in a electric potential difference(ΔE).Test result indicates that the offset potential is typically below 1 m V with a drift of 60-170μVd^-1.Typical self noise level is 1.07 nV√Hz^1/2@1 Hz.The electric field response indicates that the modified electrode pair shows better response to AC sine signal of amplitude and frequency(5 mV and 1 mHz)respectively than its blank.The electric field response model of the modified electrodes is creatively presented according to its electric double layer capacitance and Faraday pseudo-capacitance.Many advantages of the carbon fiber electric field electrode will make it have potential application prospect.     

Effect of Carbonation and Drying-Wetting Cycles on Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete

Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.     

国土资源与工业化

国土资源对工业化起着承载、支撑、促进、积累和转换作用,而工业化的快速推进也有利于国土资源的优化配置、科学规划、合理利用和有效保护.湖南省正处在工业化、城市化快速推进时期,正确认识国土资源与工业化的关系,切实加强国土资源管理工作,确保国土资源的可持续供给是实现工业化目标的关键因素之一.     

知识经济与科技编辑

以知识经济的特点为背景,论述了知识经济与科技发展的关系,探讨了面对知识经济科技编辑如何处理好基础研究类学术著作、高科技图书与实用普及类图书的出版,以及编辑自身提高等问题。     

生物扰动和遗迹组构的描述与分析

运用生物扰动指数和遗迹组构组分图解方法对塔里木盆地塔中地区上泥盆统东河塘组河口湾沉积中的遗迹化石和生物扰动构造进行了描述和分析,从中发现两类遗迹组构,其中Ｔｈａｌａｓｓｉｎｏｉｄｅｓ 遗迹组构发育在纯净砂岩中,与河口湾潮汐沙坝有关;Ｓｋｏｌｉｔｈｏｓ － Ｐａｌａｅｏｐｈｙｃｕｓ 遗迹组构发育在砂、泥互层沉积中,与河口湾潮坪有关。     

中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库及查询系统

通过对现有6大类主要地应力基础数据资料——震源机制解、水压致裂、钻孔崩落、应力解除、断层滑动和连续应力应变观测数据的收集整理，建成了便于更新的“中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库”。介绍了数据库的结构及其查询分析系统。数据库通过Microsoft Access数据库系统建立，其中震源机制解和水压致裂采用双数据表结构设计，丰富了数据库的数据信息。数据库查询分析系统以MapInfo地理信息系统为技术支持平台，依据“中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库”中的数据信息，自动生成空间数据库，实现了地应力数据的地图显示。以此为基础，系统提供了包括可视化地图查询和条件查询在内的多种数据库查询方式，实现了空间图形数据与文本属性数据的相互查询。另外，数据库查询分析系统还提供了地应力研究成果查询、应力方向大小统计分析、专题图及其它辅助功能。     

1980年和1981年旱涝异常的热力及环流特征

应用５００ｈＰａ非绝热热流量诊断资料和５００ｈＰａ、１００ｈＰａ高度资料，分析了１９８０、１９８１年北半球大气热力场及大气环流特征。分析结果表明：这两年盛夏，北半球非绝热热流量距平存在明显差异，在欧亚大陆一带表现出相反发布，前期６月也具有类似特征，相应北半球大气环流存在显著不同。     

形变大地测量学的进展、问题与地震预报

简要概括了形变大地测量学的革命性进展，研讨了它的科学特色、功能和定义以及对地球科学和防灾减灾的推动。形变大地测量学有助于从根本上击破多年来制约地震预报的“瓶颈”，但也存在不少急待解决的问题。着重研讨了在21世纪前10年，形变大地测量学如何依托多年的学科积累并充分受益于人造卫星和数字化等新技术，开展创新性研究和试验以推进地震预报。为此，对当前的研究工作提出了12条科学技术途径。最后对学科名称提出了建议。     

东秦岭武关岩群的组成特征及其大地构造意义

东秦岭商丹地区的武关岩群是从原刘岭群北部分解出来的新的构造岩石地层单位,已获得其中变质基性火山岩Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素年龄为（１３８２±３０）Ｍａ,原岩建造主体为碎屑沉积岩－碳酸盐岩－基性火山岩组合。变质基性火山岩及碎屑沉积岩的岩石地球化学特征表明,他们分别属于大陆板内拉斑玄武岩和大陆岛弧－活动陆缘型杂砂岩,因而武关岩群主体形成于中元古代晚期秦岭造山带拉张裂谷体制构造环境,于晋宁期（１０００～８００Ｍａ）的俯冲碰撞造山过程中拼贴于商丹构造带南侧。     

地心和月心引力常数及月球形心与质心的确定

指出了地心引力常数GMe、月心引力常数GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的意义和重要性;介绍了用空间探测器观测数据测定GMe与GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的原理和方法;综合给出了利用空间探测器测定的数值。     

矿物及宝石的发光机理和应用

从宝石 (矿物 )的化学组成都具有阴、阳离子的异价类质同象 ,引起晶格缺陷 ,产生施主—受主能级 ,缩短了禁带宽度 ,在外场作用下电子从陷井中向受主能级或价带跃迁释放光量子而发光的模型 ,最后介绍了矿物发光的应用。     

浙江硅土及其开发应用

本文对浙江首次发现的余杭硅土矿的地质、矿物特征以及物理化学性质作了简要叙述，并概括了硅土、粉石英、硅藻土的基本特征与区别。对浙江硅土的研究与开发应用实践表明，硅土是一种优质的矿物（岩石）填料充填剂、颜料增强剂，已被橡胶、塑料、油漆涂料等工业作填料使用。在橡胶制品中可替代轻质碳酸钙和部分高耐磨碳黑；合成塑料中替代活性碳酸钙、活性硅灰石等；在油漆中替代沉淀硫酸钡和滑石粉。用硅土作填料，具有提高产品的性能和质量，可降低生产成本，增强企业活力。