西环太平洋菲律宾群岛中酸性岩浆活动与斑岩型铜金成矿：兼论埃达克岩与斑岩型铜金成矿

以菲律宾岛弧构造岩浆作用和斑岩型铜金成矿作用为例,以与板块俯冲相关的深部物质循环和斑岩型铜金成矿为研究对象,综述了铜金在弧岩浆中复杂的地球化学过程和行为。通过对中酸性岩浆活动与区域斑岩铜金成矿响应进行系统综述,根据以往对菲律宾群岛中新生代岛弧岩浆岩和斑岩型铜金成矿开展的地质-地球化学研究,提出有利于成矿的地球化学指标,探讨了西环太平洋菲律宾群岛中酸性岩浆活动对区域铜金等多金属矿床的贡献,总结区域成矿规律,建立成矿动力学模式。通过研究菲律宾群岛周缘中新生代板块俯冲洋壳重熔岩浆作用及矿床形成机理,进一步揭示板块俯冲过程中以流体为纽带的物质和能量交换及斑岩型铜金成矿效应。     

西秦岭早子沟金锑矿床含矿英安斑岩年代学及其成因

早子沟超大型金锑矿床位于西秦岭造山带西部,矿体赋存于三叠系古浪堤组板岩和中酸性侵入岩内.因与岩浆岩围岩具有密切的空间关系,早子沟矿床被认为是岩浆热液矿床.本研究选择早子沟Au1矿体英安斑岩围岩为研究对象,进行锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析.结果表明,早子沟Au1矿体英安斑岩成岩年代为235.3±3.3 Ma,锆石εHf(t)值为-12.78~-8.76,对应的二阶段模型年龄为1.82~2.07 Ga,表明岩浆可能来源于古元古代下地壳物质的部分熔融.本次发现的英安斑岩表明早子沟地区岩浆活动从约250 Ma持续到约235 Ma,矿体与围岩的穿切关系暗示成矿年代不可能早于235.3 Ma.结合前人年代学结果,我们认为早子沟可能形成于约210 Ma,矿床的形成与岩浆活动没有成因联系.     

巴布亚新几内亚铜金矿床成矿时代及成矿控制因素

巴布亚新几内亚是在澳大利亚板块与太平洋板块斜向和快速汇聚的边界带内演化的,是世界上构造运动最复杂的区带之一,其地球动力学演化涉及俯冲与火山岛弧（岩浆弧）形成、弧陆碰撞与造山、俯冲陆壳折返-岩浆侵入-成矿作用等地质作用。地质年代学研究指出,巴布亚新几内亚主岛（新几内亚岛）的地球动力学次序是：①引起抬升和折返的碰撞作用;②折返期间或稍后的侵入作用;③侵入岩体系晚期的成矿事件。在地球动力学次序中,巴布亚新几内亚铜金成矿时代主要集中在25～0Ma之间,其中几个世界级矿床更为年轻,成矿年龄只有6-0Ma。笔者按成矿时代将巴布亚新几内亚铜金成矿作用分为第一高潮（23～12Ma）、第二高潮（7-1Ma）和第三高潮（现在进行时）（0．5-0Ma）。巴布亚新几内亚铜金成矿受大地构造、侵入杂岩体、特定赋矿地层、转换构造、背斜、各种断裂、破火山或火山管道等控制。     

西藏铁格隆南超大型铜(金、银)矿含矿斑岩岩石成因及其对多龙地区早白垩世成矿动力学机制的启示

铁格隆南是西藏多龙矿集区新发现的超大型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金、银)矿床。作为班公湖-怒江成矿带西段早白垩世重大成矿事件的典型代表,铁格隆南矿床以及整个多龙矿集区的含矿斑岩岩石成因及成矿动力学机制仍存在明显争议。本文以铁格隆南矿床为核心,基于详细的矿床地质特征和岩石学特征,利用锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年代学厘定花岗闪长斑岩侵位时代为121. 2±2. 4Ma,与区域早白垩世含矿斑岩岩浆侵位时间一致。同时,详细的岩石地球化学分析表明,铁格隆南矿床及多龙矿集区,含矿斑岩以花岗闪长斑岩为主,含少量闪长玢岩和花岗斑岩,属于高钾-钙碱性或钾玄岩系列,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、U),亏损重稀土及高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),具典型的弧岩浆特征。此外,其岩石地球化学特征及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成揭示,含矿斑岩的岩浆源区可能与俯冲板片流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融有关。最后,详细的岩石学"探针"及区域岩浆活动特征表明,多龙矿集区白垩世重大成矿作用动力学机制与班公湖-怒江洋北向俯冲板片的折返(130～110Ma)有关。     

中亚成矿域斑岩大规模成矿特征：大地构造背景、流体作用与成矿深部动力学机制

中亚成矿域夹持于西伯利亚、东欧和塔里木-华北克拉通之间,展布范围与全球显生宙大陆地壳生长最典型的增生型造山带——中亚造山带相当,并产出一系列大型—超大型斑岩铜(-金)、斑岩钼及斑岩铜(-钼)矿床。斑岩成矿作用自西向东存在明显差异,可高度概括为具‘西铜东钼、早铜晚钼’特征。基于前寒武纪基底性质、成矿大地构造背景以及斑岩成矿特征方面的系统综合研究,以重要构造线为界,将成矿域进一步划分为三个成矿省:哈萨克斯坦斑岩Cu(-Au-Mo)、蒙古斑岩Cu(-Au)和中国东北斑岩Mo(-Cu)成矿省。哈萨克斯坦成矿省具新太古—古元古代结晶基底;四个大型斑岩Cu矿床形成于早古生代增生造山过程(481~440Ma),而绝大多数矿床为晚石炭世(330~295Ma)集中爆发成矿的产物。古亚洲洋西段,沿我国中天山—伊犁南缘—吉尔吉斯北天山—中哈萨克斯坦—科克切塔夫至成吉思线性展布的古生代岩浆弧与哈萨克斯坦山弯构造共同制约了斑岩成矿作用;增生造山向山弯构造的转换阶段为斑岩集中成矿期。蒙古斑岩成矿省亦具新太古代—早古元古代结晶基底;斑岩成矿作用主要发生在泥盆纪(~370Ma)和三叠纪(~240Ma)两个时期,为图瓦-蒙古山弯构造演化过程中两个局部时段的突发成矿;早期成矿事件与古亚洲洋体系向南戈壁微地块下的俯冲增生造山有关,晚期成矿可能是蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲作用的结果。中国东北斑岩成矿省广泛发育新元古代结晶基底和泛非事件岩石学记录;奥陶纪(482~440Ma)斑岩成矿受控于古亚洲洋早古生代时期俯冲增生作用;而中生代斑岩钼集中爆发成矿则分别受控于古亚洲洋体系后碰撞(~250Ma)、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋体系同俯冲(248~204Ma)、古太平洋体系同俯冲(195~145Ma)及中国东部岩石圈减薄事件(145~106Ma)不同地球动力学体制。成矿流体方面总体而论,中亚斑岩型矿床热液蚀变遵循经典Lowell and Guibert模式,高氧化性岩浆流体有效出溶造就了大型-超大型斑岩矿床。中亚成矿域斑岩铜矿的成矿斑岩岩石类型与环太平洋域成矿斑岩类似,以钙碱性和高钾钙碱性成分为主,最常见的是石英二长闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩。成钼矿斑岩比成铜(-金-钼)斑岩更偏酸性,具更高SiO2含量。部分斑岩具埃达克质岩微量元素地球化学特征,另一部分斑岩却有类似正常弧火山岩的特征。虽然现有弧环境斑岩岩浆产生的‘MASH’和‘板片熔融’模型以及‘后碰撞拆沉与新生基性下地壳熔融’模型能够解释中亚成矿域部分斑岩铜矿床成矿的深部机制,但本文新提出‘残余洋中脊俯冲+预富集基性下地壳熔融’模型解释哈萨克斯坦成矿省巴尔喀什—西准噶尔成矿带斑岩铜大规模成矿的深部机制。中亚域斑岩钼成矿与古老地壳或古老岩石圈地幔的熔融无关,而与新生地壳熔融产生长英质岩浆的深部事件存在直接成因联系。西段哈萨克斯坦省新生地壳由古生代古亚洲洋演化过程中弧增生事件形成,而东段中国东北成矿省新生地壳则是新元古代与Rodinia超大陆相关聚合和裂解事件造就的。"新生下地壳部分熔融成钼"模型突破了钼成矿与古老地壳熔融有关的传统认识,能很好地解释全球最大的中国东北钼成矿省的成矿深部动力学机制。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带与俯冲-碰撞作用相关的斑岩铜矿的找矿方向

本文从构造-岩浆演化、典型矿床特征、构造-岩浆产物空间分布特征等方面,对冈底斯成矿带形成于195~80Ma的与俯冲-碰撞作用相关的斑岩(-矽卡岩)型铜矿的找矿方向进行了探讨。认为研究区与俯冲-碰撞作用相关的斑岩型铜矿大致可分为早-中侏罗世、晚侏罗-早白垩世、晚白垩世3个成矿时期,分别对应于雅鲁藏布江洋向北、班公湖怒江洋向南相向俯冲、班公湖怒江洋碰撞关闭、雅鲁藏布江洋向北持续俯冲、雅鲁藏布江洋向北晚期俯冲等构造-岩浆事件。与早期相向俯冲相关的雄村式矿床,在拉萨东部达孜-工布江达一带具有良好找矿前景;与中期俯冲-碰撞相关的多龙式矿床,在昂龙岗日、东恰错、桑日等火山岩浆弧区成矿条件较佳;与晚期俯冲相关的尕尔穷式矿床,在冈底斯东段和西段具有较大的找矿潜力。     

华北克拉通北缘浅成低温热液矿床:时空分布和构造环境

华北克拉通北缘是一条近东西向的浅成低温热液成矿带，总结该成矿带金／银矿床的地质地球化学特征，初步确定矿床产于克拉通基底之上的中生代火山盆地，并集中分布于辽吉地块、燕山山脉和太行山北端，断裂构造和火山机构控制了矿床定位；矿床和成矿岩浆岩的同位素年龄集中在170Ma～100Ma；成矿流体以大气水为主，混有岩浆热液；成矿物质主要来自前寒武纪变质基底，并有盖层物质混入。讨论表明，本成矿带不可能是太平洋板块、古亚洲洋板块或蒙古-鄂霍茨克板块俯冲的直接产物，而是西伯利亚与华北古板块碰撞所致，成矿岩浆-流体系统可能起源于同碰撞期的陆内俯冲，成岩成矿作用爆发于碰撞构造演化的挤压-伸展转变体制。     

中亚造山带东部岩浆热液矿床时空分布特征及其构造背景

中亚造山带东部是古亚洲洋构造域、鄂霍茨克洋构造域和古太平洋构造域复合叠加区域,矿产资源丰富。本文收集2000—2014年公开发表文献中岩浆热液矿床约1 200个同位素年龄数据,整理出201个较为可靠的年龄数据,通过数字化编图,揭示成矿的时空分布特征及形成背景。结果显示:中亚造山带东部成矿作用始于寒武纪,出现6个重要成矿期:510~473、373~330、320~253、250~210、210~167、155~100 Ma。510~473 Ma(峰值507 Ma),矿床主要分布在大兴安岭—小兴安岭—张广才岭和北山地区,零星发育热液脉型和斑岩型铁铜金钨矿床,与古亚洲洋开始俯冲及微陆块碰撞拼合有关。373~330 Ma(峰值372Ma),矿床主要分布在南蒙古奥尤陶勒盖地区,发育超大型斑岩型铜金矿床,形成于古亚洲洋俯冲环境。320~253 Ma,矿床主要分布在大兴安岭南段,发育少量斑岩型铜矿床和造山型金矿床;其中,298 Ma在大兴安岭南段首次出现以钼为主的斑岩型矿床,指示该区板块俯冲增生向拼贴转变逐渐过渡。250~210 Ma(峰值244 Ma),在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带东侧额尔古纳—中蒙古地块主要形成斑岩型铜矿床,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲有关;以东地区,主要在大兴安岭南段和辽远地块形成斑岩型钼矿床,在张广才岭发育岩浆熔离型铜镍矿床,反映了古亚洲洋闭合后伸展环境。210~167 Ma(峰值170 Ma),在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带西侧乌兰巴托西北部发育造山型-斑岩型金矿床,其东侧额尔古纳地区形成斑岩型铜钼矿床,可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲碰撞有关;在吉黑东部—张广才岭—小兴安岭—大兴安岭,发育斑岩型钼铜矿床和矽卡岩型铅锌钨金矿床组合,可能属于古太平洋板块向西俯冲成矿体系。155~100 Ma(峰值136 Ma),中亚造山带东部整体处于伸展环境;其中,155~120 Ma在额尔古纳地区主要发育浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿床和造山型金矿床,大兴安岭北段发育斑岩型钼矿床,可能反映了额尔古纳地区和大兴安岭北段受蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋碰撞后伸展环境控制,而在吉黑东部形成浅成低温热液型金矿床,大兴安岭南段发育热液脉型-矽卡岩型锡矿床,可能受古太平洋板块向北俯冲弧后伸展的控制;120~100 Ma沿着华北克拉通和佳蒙陆块边缘发育浅成低温热液型-斑岩型金钼矿床。本研究综合岩浆热液矿床时空分布和矿床类型,进一步揭示了古亚洲洋构造域控制中亚造山带东部古生代成矿作用持续到晚二叠世(到早三叠世),并在晚三叠世叠加古太平洋构造域成矿体系,而额尔古纳—中蒙古地块成矿作用在三叠纪开始主要受蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋构造域限定,并持续到早白垩世早期。     

巴布亚新几内亚铜金矿床成矿时代及成矿控制因素

巴布亚新几内亚是在澳大利亚板块与太平洋板块斜向和快速汇聚的边界带内演化的,是世界上构造运动最复杂的区带之一,其地球动力学演化涉及俯冲与火山岛弧(岩浆弧)形成、弧陆碰撞与造山、俯冲陆壳折返—岩浆侵入—成矿作用等地质作用。地质年代学研究指出,巴布亚新几内亚主岛(新几内亚岛)的地球动力学次序是:①引起抬升和折返的碰撞作用;②折返期间或稍后的侵入作用;③侵入岩体系晚期的成矿事件。在地球动力学次序中,巴布亚新几内亚铜金成矿时代主要集中在25~0Ma之间,其中几个世界级矿床更为年轻,成矿年龄只有6~0Ma。笔者按成矿时代将巴布亚新几内亚铜金成矿作用分为第一高潮(23~12Ma)、第二高潮(7~1Ma)和第三高潮(现在进行时)(0.5~0Ma)。巴布亚新几内亚铜金成矿受大地构造、侵入杂岩体、特定赋矿地层、转换构造、背斜、各种断裂、破火山或火山管道等控制。     

珠江口盆地中生代陆缘岩浆弧地质特征及构造背景

明确珠江口盆地中生代陆缘岩浆弧特征及构造演化过程对于古潜山勘探至关重要.综合构造学、岩石学、年代学、地球化学与地球物理学现有成果,认为珠江口盆地基底主要为燕山期岩浆杂岩,以中酸性侵入岩为主,中生代岩浆活动以105~165 Ma最为强烈,发育了NE-NEE走向和NW-NWW走向两组中生代断裂.区域构造研究表明中生代期间,珠江口盆地处于古太平洋板片俯冲作用控制的陆缘岩浆弧构造环境,岩浆岩具有流体活动元素富集、Ta-Nb-Ti亏损的特征,形成复合火山岩-侵入岩“双层”岩性组合.重建了珠江口盆地中生代陆缘岩浆弧5个阶段的形成演化过程,揭示了珠江口盆地古潜山的成山背景.      

黑龙江258高地金矿区侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

258高地金矿床地处黑龙江省完达山成矿带东部,矿化与岩浆侵入活动密切相关。文章利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,对258高地金矿区的二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及闪长玢岩进行了年代学研究,获得258金矿区花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄为(118.3±1.1)Ma;3件二长花岗岩样品的成岩年龄分别为(130.5±0.8)Ma、(122.1±0.7)Ma、(118.0±0.9)Ma;2件闪长玢岩的成岩年龄分别为(119.5±1.3)Ma、(107.4±2.2)Ma,表明本区中酸性岩体侵位时代介于131~107 Ma,与西太平洋构造域的早白垩世演化有关。定年结果同时表明矿区存在3期岩浆活动,其中122~118 Ma的二长花岗岩与花岗闪长岩、闪长玢岩的年龄在误差范围内一致,且与金矿成矿关系密切。岩石地球化学显示区内的中酸性侵入岩均为高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石,花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩具有重熔型岩浆岩的特征,可能是加厚地壳物质部分熔融的产物;闪长玢岩脉具有典型壳幔源岛弧岩浆岩的特点。综合研究认为258高地金矿床形成于与板块俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘环境。     

黑龙江金厂铜金矿床闪长玢岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学

黑龙江省东宁金厂铜金矿床为最新勘查突破的特大型矿床,矿床矿体类型以角砾岩型为主,且角砾岩型矿体与闪长玢岩岩体空间关系密切。岩相特征显示闪长玢岩为多斑-基质隐晶结构,斑晶以斜长石、角闪石为主,并见少量辉石。闪长玢岩SiO2含量为54.62%～67.82%,平均60.33%;Al2O3含量为14.52%～18.25%,平均16.62%,且K2O/Na2O为0.06～0.31,均小于0.5,属于亚碱性岩系并具钙碱性演化趋势,但钾含量较低。稀土元素的LREE/HREE值较高,介于5.06～14.24之间,平均9.16;δEu为0.85～1.46,平均1.21,表现为正Eu异常。微量元素以低Y和Yb,高Sr为特征,其Sr/Y值为35.87～111.4,平均57.57(>40);此外,微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HSFE),尤以Nb、Ta和Ti亏损最为显著,且见Pb富集明显。地球化学特征显示闪长玢岩具有埃达克质岩的特征,表明闪长玢岩不仅为重要的含矿母岩,而且指示金厂金矿具备进一步找矿的潜力。同时,闪长玢岩的地球化学特征还显示其岩浆演化以结晶分异为主,而岩浆则可能起源于俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融,岩浆上涌时受地壳混染。闪长玢岩的锆石U-Pb年龄介于118.1±1.6Ma～115.7±2.0Ma之间,结果表明118.1±1.6Ma可以代表金厂斑岩型铜金矿床尤其是角砾岩型矿体的成矿时代,与区域120～110Ma的大规模岩浆活动时间一致,说明金厂斑岩型铜金矿床的成矿可能与早白垩纪太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关。区域上寻找同时期的斑岩型-浅成低温热液型铜金矿床潜力巨大。     

冀东下营坊金矿成矿年代学研究

冀东下营坊金矿地处华北地台北缘燕山造山带东段,是该区一个重要的岩浆期后热液型金矿。该金矿产于大铜山杂岩体及外接触带中,有三种矿化类型,即斑岩型、角砾岩型、矽卡岩型,构成了典型的斑岩型金矿成矿系统。为精确厘定下营坊金矿的成矿年代,更好的理解该矿与区内其他金矿的关系,本文采用锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年,获得赋矿斑岩(花岗斑岩)的结晶年龄为163.32±0.90Ma,切穿矿体的煌斑岩脉结晶年龄为159.0±1.5Ma,由此限定成矿年龄可能在163.32Ma~159.0Ma之间;而由辉钼矿获得的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为164.2±2.3Ma。在误差范围内,Re-Os同位素模式年龄与U-Pb同位素年龄是一致的,表明下营坊金矿成矿年龄为164.2±2.3Ma,属于中侏罗世岩浆热液事件。结合前人研究结果,认为下营坊金矿以及冀东中侏罗世金矿的成岩成矿构造背景与区内该时期的岩浆事件一样,可能受古太平洋板块俯冲的影响而处于挤压的构造环境。     

大冰湖沟斑岩型钼矿地质与地球物理综合找矿

大冰湖沟钼矿是吉黑东部典型的斑岩型钼矿之一。在借鉴以往资料对斑岩型钼矿的研究基础上,系统分析了斑岩型钼矿的地质成矿与地球物理场之间的关系。通过研究大冰湖沟钼矿的重力、航空磁法及电法资料,根据已知地质矿产情况,总结出该斑岩型钼矿以燕山期岩浆为载体,表现为区域低重力、低航磁和低阻低极化的找矿特征。     

Spatial–temporal relationships of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in NE China: Constraints on tectonic overprinting and transformations between multiple tectonic regimes

LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical data are presented for the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in northeast China, with the aim of determining the tectonic settings of the volcanism and constraining the timing of the overprinting and transformations between the Paleo-Asian Ocean, Mongol–Okhotsk, and circum-Pacific tectonic regimes. The new ages, together with other available age data from the literature, indicate that Mesozoic volcanism in NE China can be subdivided into six episodes: Late Triassic (228–201 Ma), Early–Middle Jurassic (190–173 Ma), Middle–Late Jurassic (166–155 Ma), early Early Cretaceous (145–138 Ma), late Early Cretaceous (133–106 Ma), and Late Cretaceous (97–88 Ma). The Late Triassic volcanic rocks occur in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges, where the volcanic rocks are bimodal, and in the eastern Heilongjiang–Jilin provinces where the volcanics are A-type rhyolites, implying that they formed in an extensional environment after the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The Early–Middle Jurassic (190–173 Ma) volcanic rocks, both in the Erguna Massif and the eastern Heilongjiang–Jilin provinces, belong chemically to the calc-alkaline series, implying an active continental margin setting. The volcanics in the Erguna Massif are related to the subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate beneath the Massif, and those in the eastern Jilin–Heilongjiang provinces are related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent. The coeval bimodal volcanic rocks in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges were probably formed under an extensional environment similar to a backarc setting of double-direction subduction. Volcanic rocks of Middle–Late Jurassic (155–166 Ma) and early Early Cretaceous (145–138 Ma) age only occur in the Great Xing’an Range and the northern Hebei and western Liaoning provinces (limited to the west of the Songliao Basin), and they belong chemically to high-K calc-alkaline series and A-type rhyolites, respectively. Combined with the regional unconformity and thrust structures in the northern Hebei and western Liaoning provinces, we conclude that these volcanics formed during a collapse or delamination of a thickened continental crust related to the evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk suture belt. The late Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks, widely distributed in NE China, belong chemically to a low- to medium-K calc-alkaline series in the eastern Heilongjiang–Jilin provinces (i.e., the Eurasian continental margin), and to a bimodal volcanic rock association within both the Songliao Basin and the Great Xing’an Range. The volcanics in the eastern Heilongjiang–Jilin provinces formed in an active continental margin setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent, and the bimodal volcanics formed under an extensional environment related either to a backarc setting or to delamination of a thickened crust, or both. Late Cretaceous volcanics, limited to the eastern Heilongjiang–Jilin provinces and the eastern North China Craton (NCC), consist of calc-alkaline rocks in the eastern Heilongjiang–Jilin provinces and alkaline basalts in the eastern NCC, suggesting that the former originated during subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent, whereas the latter formed in an extensional environment similar to a backarc setting. Taking all this into account, we conclude that (1) the transformation from the Paleo-Asian Ocean regime to the circum-Pacific tectonic regime happened during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic; (2) the effect of the Mongol–Okhotsk suture belt on NE China was mainly in the Early Jurassic, Middle–Late Jurassic, and early Early Cretaceous; and (3) the late Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous volcanics can be attributed to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.     

Geology and Genesis of the Superlarge Jinchang Gold Deposit, NE China

The superlarge Jinchang gold deposit is located in the joint area between the Taipingling uplift and the Laoheishan depression of the Xingkai Block in both eastern Jilin and eastern Heilongjiang Province. Wall rocks of the gold deposits are the Neoproterozoic Huangsong Group of metamorphic rocks. Yanshanian magmatism in this region can be divided into 5 phases, the diorite, the graphic granite, the granite, the granite porphyry and the diorite porphyrite, which resulted in the magmatic domes and cryptoexplosive breecia chimney followed by large-scale hydrothermal alteration. Gold mineralization is closely related to the fourth and fifth phase of magmatism. According to the occurrences, gold ores can be subdivided into auriferous pyritized quartz vein, auriferous quartz-pyrite vein, auriferous polymetailic sulfide quartz vein and auriferous pyritized calcite vein. The ages of the gold deposit are ranging from 122.53 to 119.40 Ma. The ore bodies were controlled by a uniform tectono-magmatic hydrothermal alteration system that the ore-forming materials were deep derived from and the ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic waters with addition of some atmospheric water in the later phase of mineralization. Gold mineralization took place in an environment of medium to high temperatures and medium pressures. Ore-forming fluids were the K^＋-Na^＋-Ca^2＋-Cl^--SO4^2- type and characterized by medium salinity or a slightly higher, weak alkaline and weak reductive. Au in the ore-forming fluids was transported as complexes of [Au （HS）2]^-, [AuCl2]^-, [Au（CO2）]^- and [Au（HCO3）2]^-. Along with the decline of temperatures and pressures, the ore-forming fluids varied from acidic to weak acidic and then to weak alkaline, which resulted in the dissociation of the complex and finally the precipitation of the gold.     

兴蒙造山带东缘内生钼矿床的成因类型、成矿年代及成矿动力学背景

兴蒙造山带东缘是中国重要内生多金属成矿区,近年来已发现钼矿床20余座。依据矿床地质、地球化学特征和年代学成果,将该区内生钼矿床类型划分为斑岩型、接触交代热液型和中高温浅成热液型。初步确定斑岩型矿床形成与高钾钙碱性花岗质岩浆作用有关,而接触交代热液型矿床形成与钙碱性花岗质岩浆作用以及围岩性质有关,成矿作用主要发生在195～165Ma和115～110Ma两个区间,成矿物质普遍具有壳幔混合源的特点;而其地球动力学背景分别与古太平洋板块俯冲欧亚大陆和伊泽奈崎板块俯冲欧亚大陆相适应。     

Geochemical, zircon U�CPb dating and Sr�CNd�CHf isotopic constraints on the age and petrogenesis of an Early Cretaceous volcanic-intrusive complex at Xiangshan, Southeast China

The Late Mesozoic geology of Southeast China is characterized by extensive Jurassic to Cretaceous magmatism consisting predominantly of granites and rhyolites and subordinate mafic rocks, forming a belt of volcanic-intrusive complexes. The Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex is located in the NW region of the belt and mainly contains the following lithologies: rhyodacite and rhyodacitic porphyry, porphyritic lava, granite porphyry with mafic microgranular enclaves, quartz monzonitic porphyry, and lamprophyre dyke. Major and trace-element compositions, zircon U?CPb dating, and Sr?CNd?CHf isotopic compositions have been investigated for these rocks. The precise SHRIMP and LA?CICP?CMS zircon U?CPb dating shows that the emplacement of various magmatic units at Xiangshan took place within a short time period of less than 2?Myrs. The stratigraphically oldest rhyodacite yielded a zircon U?CPb age of 135?±?1?Ma and the overlying rhyodacitic porphyry has an age of 135?±?1?Ma. Three porphyritic lava samples yielded zircon U?CPb ages of 136?±?1?Ma, 132?±?1?Ma, and 135?±?1?Ma, respectively. Two subvolcanic rocks (granite porphyry) yielded zircon U?CPb ages of 137?±?1?Ma and 137?±?1?Ma. A quartz monzonitic porphyry dyke, which represented the final stage of magmatism at Xiangshan, also yielded a zircon U?CPb age of 136?±?1?Ma. All these newly obtained precise U?CPb ages demonstrate that the entire magmatic activity at Xiangshan was rapid and possibly took place at the peak of extensional tectonics in SE China. The geochemical data indicate that all these samples from the volcanic-intrusive complex have an A-type affinity. Sr?CNd?CHf isotopic data suggest that the Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex derived mainly from remelting of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic crust without significant additions of mantle-derived magma. However, the quartz monzonitic porphyry, which has zircon Hf model ages older than the whole-rock Nd model ages, and which has ??_Nd(T) value higher than the other rocks, may indicate involvement of a subordinate younger mantle-derived magma in its origin. Geochemical data indicate that the various rocks show variable REE patterns and negative anomalies of Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Eu and Ti in the trace element spidergrams, suggesting that these rocks may have undergone advanced fractional crystallization with separation of plagioclase, K-feldspar and accessory minerals such as allanite. We suggest that this Cretaceous volcanic-intrusive complex formed in an extensional environment, and the formation of the Xiangshan mafic microgranular enclaves can be explained by the injection of mafic magma from a deeper seated mantle magma chamber into a hypabyssal felsic magma chamber at the crustal emplacement levels.     

大兴安岭北部岔路口斑岩钼矿床岩浆岩锆石U Pb年龄及其地质意义

黑龙江省岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前我国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切.本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得了矿区内二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩、流纹斑岩、闪长玢岩及安山斑岩的结晶年龄分别为162±1.6 Ma、149±4.6 Ma、148±1.6 Ma、148±1.2 Ma、137±3.3 Ma、133±1.7Ma和132±1.6 Ma.岔路口矿区内至少存在3期岩浆活动,其顺序为侏罗纪火山-沉积岩、二长花岗岩→晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩→早白垩世流纹斑岩、闪长玢岩、安山斑岩.岔路口矿床成矿时代为晚侏罗世,是东北亚大陆内部构造-岩浆活化的产物,形成于古太平洋板块俯冲作用引起的挤压向伸展构造体制转折背景,与我国东部大规模钼矿化爆发期相对应.     

黑龙江省乌拉嘎金矿赋矿花岗闪长斑岩锆石 U-Pb年龄、岩石成因及其地质意义

黑龙江省是我国著名金矿产区之一,发育多个浅成低温热液型金矿,它们与中生代陆相火山-次火山岩有密切的关系,但对这些陆相火山-次火山岩的成因缺乏系统研究,制约了本区金矿的成因认识和矿床勘查。本次研究采用先进的LA-ICP-MS锆石定年法、地球化学Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪等方法,对与乌拉嘎浅成低温热液金矿存在密切成因联系的次火山岩(花岗闪长斑岩)进行深入研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石定年法获得乌拉嘎矿区葡萄沟岩体及其南部含矿岩枝的成岩年龄分别为108.2±1.2Ma和106±1.1Ma,与区内宁远村组火山岩成岩时间基本相近,推断金矿成矿时代为早白垩世晚期,与东安金矿和高松山金矿为同期。岩石地球化学确定该岩体为高钾钙碱性(σ=1.83~2.18)偏铝质I型花岗岩特征,结合微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb研究显示其具有活动陆缘弧岩浆岩特点,进一步得出岩浆源区和成矿物质具有来源于新元古代形成的镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融的属性。早白垩世时,中国东部处于伸展应力体制下,尤其黑龙江构造活动强烈,起源于新生下地壳重融的岩浆活动频繁,结合已有的浅成低温热液金矿床资料显示,推断区内具有巨大的成矿潜力。