锡坑迳矿田岩体成岩成矿年代学与地球化学及地质意义

锡坑迳矿田位于华南武夷山成矿带南段石城-寻乌北北东向断裂带与会昌环状构造复合部位西侧,锡矿床主要围绕密坑山岩体接触带及附近产出。这里对矿田内岩体不同岩相开展岩石地球化学和精细的年代学研究,获得密坑山岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为136.10±1.60 Ma-138.6±1.90 Ma、岩背花岗斑岩为136.80±1.20 Ma;岩背锡矿床锡石锆石U-Pb年龄为128.16±0.87 Ma,成岩成矿年龄相差在10 Ma内,锡矿成岩成矿具有同时性或成矿稍后。闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄为109.90±1.10 Ma,切穿岩体和锡矿体,代表区内最晚岩浆活动。矿田内与锡矿成矿有关的岩体花岗岩均属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列A型花岗岩,主量元素SiO_2含量为75.43%～78.42%,K_2O+Na_2O含量为6.43%～7.96%,CaO含量为0.07%～0.67%,A/CNK值介于1.50～2之间,TFe_2O_3/MgO值介于9.75～25.50之间。岩石相对轻稀土富集,(La/Yb)_N=7.70～27.62,稀土配分呈右倾"海鸥"型,具弱铕负异常(δEu=0.03～0.08)。以成岩成矿时代为主线,以主控矿因素为依据,建立了锡坑迳矿田锡矿成矿时、空"多位一体"成矿模式,为矿田内下一步锡矿模式找矿提供借鉴。     

湘南铜山岭铜多金属矿田成岩成矿作用年代学研究

湘南铜山岭铜多金属矿田位于钦杭成矿带的中部,矿床主要产于铜山岭岩体接触带及其附近。本文对矿田内的岩体和矿床进行了精细的年代学研究,分别获得铜山岭Ⅰ号岩体的花岗闪长斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为157±2 Ma(MSWD=1.20);铜山岭矿床石英脉型矿体中的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为161±1 Ma(MSWD=0.21);桥头铺矿床矽卡岩型矿体中的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为155±3 Ma(MSWD=1.5)、石榴子石Sm-Nd等时线年龄为155±8 Ma(MSWD=0.41)。成岩与成矿年龄在误差范围内基本一致,说明铜山岭矿田成岩成矿具有同时性,它们之间具有密切的成因联系。辉钼矿中Re含量(32.95×10~(-6)~59.45×10~(-6))指示成矿作用可能与壳幔混合作用有关。这为进一步研究区域成矿规律提供了重要同位素年代学依据。     

337铀矿床帽峰岩体锆石激光探针U-Pb法年龄及其地质意义

帽峰岩体是下庄铀矿田最重要的赋铀矿岩体,准确确定该岩体的成岩年龄和演化历史是正确认识下庄矿田铀成矿作用的关键。本文采用锆石激光探针U-Pb法确定了337矿床范围内帽峰岩体的成岩年龄为238.2±2.3Ma,是印支期岩体,而不是先前认为的燕山期岩体。公认的337矿床铀成矿年龄是138Ma,巨大的矿岩时差表明337矿床不是先前所认为的典型岩浆热液型铀矿床。     

江西九瑞地区东雷湾矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

东雷湾矽卡岩型铜钼金多金属矿床位于九瑞矿集区西北部。本文利用锆石LA-MC-ICP MS U-Pb同位素定年方法,对东雷湾的主要岩体花岗闪长斑岩成岩时代进行研究,获得花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(142.24±0.52)Ma;同时采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年方法对矿床石英硫化物中的辉钼矿进行定年,首次获得东雷湾矿床的成矿年龄:6件辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄范围为(144.8±3.1)~(147.1±2.4)Ma,加权平均年龄为(146.12±0.97)Ma,等时线年龄为(143.3±5.2)Ma。成岩年龄与成矿年龄在误差范围内一致,存在较短的成岩成矿时差,表明成岩成矿过程连续。辉钼矿的Re含量指示东雷湾矿床的成矿作用与岩浆壳幔混合作用有关。东雷湾矿区的成岩成矿时代与九瑞矿集区典型岩体和矿床的成岩成矿时代相似,同时也与长江中下游地区铜陵、安庆和鄂东南(部分地区)的典型铜多金属矿床的成岩成矿时代基本一致。结合区域地质资料,本文认为东雷湾矿床是中国东部东西向印支期构造域向北东向古太平洋构造域构造体制大转折晚期成矿作用的产物。     

江西九瑞地区宝山斑岩型铜多金属矿床锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

宝山斑岩型铜多金属矿床位于九瑞矿集区西北部,隶属于九江-瑞昌铜金矿田,为长江中下游铜金成矿带、大冶-九江成矿亚带的组成部分。对宝山岩体的花岗闪长斑岩进行LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得其锆石U-Pb年龄为(147.81±0.48)Ma(MSWD=1.07);首次对宝山矿床的辉钼矿进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得矿床的成矿年龄:6件辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄范围为(146.1±2.2)Ma~(148.7±2.0)Ma,加权平均年龄为(147.42±0.84)Ma,等时线年龄为(147.7±1.2)Ma。成岩年龄与成矿年龄在误差范围内一致。辉钼矿的Re含量指示宝山矿床的成矿物质来自于壳幔混源。宝山矿区的成岩、成矿时代与九瑞矿集区典型岩体和矿床的成岩、成矿时代相似,也与长江中下游地区铜陵、安庆和鄂东南(部分地区)的典型铜多金属矿床的成岩、成矿时代基本一致,都属于长江中下游成矿带早白垩世多金属成矿事件的一部分。     

安徽沙坪沟斑岩钼矿锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄

沙坪沟斑岩钼矿是大别成矿带近年发现的超大型矿床。在对矿化特征分析的基础上,对其进行了成岩成矿年代学研究。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术,得到含矿岩体的成岩年龄。细粒石英正长岩与中粒石英正长岩分别形成于122.51±0.81Ma和121.5±1.3Ma,正长斑岩形成于120.7±1.1Ma。通过矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析,获得其模式年龄为100±1.8～113.6±1.7Ma。成岩与成矿时差约7Ma,指示含矿热液活动时限较长。长时间的热液活动可能是形成沙坪沟超大型斑岩钼矿床的重要因素。沙坪沟钼成矿时间与大别带钼矿化时间(133～110Ma)高度一致,与东秦岭晚期钼矿化时间相同。大别带钼矿是秦岭-大别成矿带的组成部分,形成于相同构造背景下,是区域构造岩浆作用的产物。     

西藏邦铺钼铜矿区花岗斑岩成岩年龄研究

邦铺钼铜矿床是发育于冈底斯成矿带的大型斑岩型钼铜矿床,矿区内岩浆岩发育,(二长)花岗斑岩为成矿母岩。利用斑岩中锆石离子探针U-Pb法和全岩Rb-Sr法测定邦铺含矿斑岩的年龄,以确定含矿斑岩的形成时代。花岗斑岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测定其年龄为14.2 Ma±0.2 Ma(MSWD=0.79);二长花岗斑岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测试值为13.9 Ma±0.3 Ma(MSWD=3.05);全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄为13.88 Ma±0.38 Ma(MSWD=1.7)。因此14.2 Ma~3.9 Ma年龄值可以作为邦铺矿区含矿斑岩体的结晶年龄。     

密坑山锡矿同位素年代学研究的启示

密坑山锡矿田位于江西省会昌县西南约40km处。该区为一晚中生代破火山,火山岩为上侏罗统鸡笼嶂组流纹质凝灰熔岩及火山碎屑岩,火山口周围环状及放射状断裂发育,火山口中心为浅成相的密坑山似斑状钾长花岗岩中央岩株侵入体所充填。上世纪80年代以来,在该岩体与流纹质凝灰熔岩的内外接触带相继发现了岩背、淘锡坝、苦竹岽、矿背、上湾等一批大、中型锡多金属矿床或矿点,表明这一岩体对成矿具有重要的制约作用。本文运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb、全岩Rb-Sr和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年技术,对密坑山岩体及相关锡矿床的成岩和成矿年龄进行了精确测…     

云南格咱岛弧地苏嘎成矿岩体LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年法对格咱岛弧中部的地苏嘎成矿岩体中不合矿和含矿2类石英闪长玢岩进行了年代学研究,获得不合矿石英闪长玢岩的形成年龄为203.03Ma±0.54Ma,含矿石英闪长玢岩的年龄分为2组217.25Ma±0.89Ma和208.5Ma±1.0Ma,限定了地苏嘎岩体的岩浆活动时限为217～203Ma,而与成矿作用相关的热液事件主要发生在208Ma.研究表明,地苏嘎成矿岩体的成岩成矿时代均发生在印支晚期,岩浆作用和成矿作用时代基本吻合,但岩浆作用的时限已接近燕山期,这对探讨格咱岛弧构造岩浆演化及成岩成矿作用的研究具有重要意义.     

江西新余良山钼矿锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄

良山钼矿是钦杭成矿带近年发现的大中型矿床,在矿化特征分析的基础上,对其进行了成岩成矿年代学研究。采用LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术,得到矿区内石英闪长斑岩的成岩年龄为168.2±2.3Ma。通过矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析,获得其等时线年龄为168.9±1.4Ma。指示成岩作用与成矿作用同时发生,含矿热液活动与岩浆活动有密切的关系,岩浆活动可能是形成良山钼矿床的重要因素。良山钼矿床的成矿时间与钦杭成矿带内华南燕山期第一阶段大规模多金属矿化时间(170Ma)吻合。良山钼矿床形成于同一区域成矿背景下,是区域构造岩浆作用的产物,为华南燕山期成矿作用的组成部分。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。