钢筋混凝土钻孔灌注桩缺陷桩头处理实例

桩头缺陷是常见和严重的钢筋混凝土钻孔灌注桩质量问题。通过实例,介绍“下剔桩头到强度达标的混凝土面，然后用比桩身强度高一级的混凝土扩径接桩到设计标高”的桩头置换方法。该方法可以快速有效地处理大部分桩头缺陷的问题。     

反射波法动测桩中的频域分析

本文介绍了应力波反射法中所使用的频域分析在判断桩身质量完整性中的优点与不足。     

水质反问题模型的时域频域算法

为了提高水质数学模型的模拟精度,充分考虑了对流扩散方程中混合系数随空间变化的特性,结合数学物理反问题理论和方法,建立了河流水质分布参数反问题模型,分别在时域和频域推导出反演计算公式,最后给出应用计算实例。时域与频域两算法的对比分析结果表明,频域计算工作量小,占储存单元少;时域的反演计算误差却明显小于频域,其抗噪性能也较频域强。这说明分布参数能明显改善水质的模拟精度,与污染物在水域的实际分布规律相吻合,本文提出的方法在水环保工作中有着广泛的应用前景。     

“应力反射波法”在桩基质量检测中的波形解释及其应用效果

从解决岩土工程实际问题出发，阐述了“应力反射波法”的工作原理、方法及资料的解译技术，通过工程检测实例分析，说明了该方法对工程桩基进行质量无损检测是行之有效的。     

苏丹某工程钻孔灌注桩桩头缺损原因分析及预防

在砂层等不良条件下施工钻孔灌注桩容易出现断桩、缩径、桩头缺损等质量通病。分析了苏丹尼罗河边松散砂层中旋挖钻机施工的钻孔灌注桩桩头达不到设计标高和缺损等事故,逐一分析了事故发生的过程、产生的原因及应吸取的经验教训,提出了相应的预防措施。     

浅部缺陷桩反射波法检测与波形分析

基础施工中,由于种种原因,混凝土灌注桩有时会出现某些缺陷.使用低应变反射波法可对桩身进行完整性检测.检测中,浅部离析桩、缩颈桩占缺陷桩很大一部分.本文结合工程实例,介绍采用RSM-12H基桩动测仪检测这两类缺陷桩的经验及工作方法.     

隧道衬砌质量的地质雷达电磁波反射特征分析及应用

针对乌尉高速公路天山胜利隧道衬砌施工中出现的脱空、厚度不足和不密实等质量问题,采用基于时域有限差分(FDTD)的模拟方法,对隧道衬砌中常见的缺陷进行正演模拟,正演结果与实测数据反射剖面的地球物理特征一致性吻合较好。其次,本研究对于典型缺陷或标志物与之对应的地质雷达电磁波反射特征进行了总结和归纳,结果表明,隧道衬砌典型缺陷或标志物地质雷达电磁波,具有振幅突变、电磁波同相轴畸变、波形极性反转等特征,这些特征对于现场检测人员快速判读、解译采集的雷达数据有重要参考作用,也对目标地质体和隧道衬砌缺陷快速准确识别有较大帮助,有助于提高一线作业人员的检测效率,确保隧道整体稳定性及安全运营。     

反射波法对桩身浅部缺陷的判别

依据应力波的动力学和运动学特征,结合施工工艺和大量的检测结果对桩身浅部的断裂、裂缝、空洞、夹泥、桩头疏松等异常信号进行判别。指出了各种缺陷的典型特征及典型曲线。旨在进一步提高对桩身浅部的测试波形分析的正确率。     

"应力反射波法"在桩基质量检测中的波形解释及其应用效果

从解决岩土工程实际问题出发,阐述了"应力反射波法"的工作原理、方法及资料的解译技术,通过工程检测实例分析,说明了该方法对工程桩基进行质量无损检测是行之有效的.     

依据时域、频域信号特征判定桩身完整性类别

通过工程检测实例,结合有关规范以及省组织的专家组对桩基检测结果的验证,论述如何依据时域信号特征和频域信号特征,正确划分桩身完整性的类别。达到减少错判误判的目的。     

基于频率域小波去噪的大地电磁信号工频干扰处理

大地电磁测深(Magnetotelluric,MT)在油气勘查中得到越来越多的应用,针对MT中日益严重的工频干扰,从频率域着手,结合小波阈值去噪方法,提出了基于频率域小波去噪的MT信号工频干扰处理方法。先对受噪的MT信号进行傅里叶变换,得到其实部和虚部,再用小波阈值去噪的方法对实部序列和虚部序列分别进行去噪处理,最后将去噪后的实部和虚部联合,进行反傅里叶变换得到去噪后的信号。给出了去噪方法的原理、步骤,并用仿真信号和实测大地电磁信号验证了其有效性。结果表明:频率域小波阈值去噪的大地电磁信号工频干扰处理方法是正确、有效的,能有效且自适应地压制大地电磁信号中的工频干扰,突出被工频干扰淹没了的有用信号的信息。     

时间序列分析法在延吉市地下水动态预测的应用

根据延吉市地下水位周期性变化趋势明显的特点,提出了水位预报的时间序列分析模型。同时,通过模型分析可知该区地下水位变化存在两个主要周期年,即地下水位的季节性变化和多年变化规律,预报结果表明：该模型预测效果较好,运行合理,对规律性不强的地下水位动态预报具有一定的实用价值。     

A stepwise damping‐solvent extraction method for large‐scale dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis in time domain

Time‐domain analysis of dynamic soil–structure interaction based on the substructure method plays an increasing role in practical applications as compared with the frequency‐domain analysis. Efficient and accurate modelling of the unbounded soil or rock medium has been a key issue in such an analysis. This paper presents a subregional stepwise damping‐solvent extraction formulation for solving large‐scale dynamic soil–structure problems in the time domain. Accuracy and efficiency of the formulation are evaluated in detail for a classical problem involving a rigid strip foundation embedded in a half‐space. A practical large‐scale soil–structure interaction problem, which represents a high concrete gravity dam subjected to seismic load, is then analysed using the proposed method. Various responses of the dam, including time histories of the crest displacement and acceleration and contours of the peak principal stresses within the dam body, are presented. Comparisons are also made between these results with those obtained using other models for the unbounded medium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于频域电磁法反演喀斯特表层土－岩结构研究

喀斯特地区浅表层土壤分布极不均匀,探测土－岩界面和土壤分布对区域水文以及生态环境研究具有重要意义。文章基于麦克斯韦方程组构建了频域电磁法（FDEM）探测的电导率（EC）一维反演模型,实现了喀斯特浅表剖面EC可视化表述。根据设定的理想地层EC数据以及南方喀斯特峰丛洼地两个剖面和出露的三个实测剖面的FDEM实测视电导率,结合高密度电法、剖面实测土－岩界面,检验了反演模型可靠性。结果表明：FDEM法反演结果能较好的描述理想地层EC变化,以及土壤与灰岩、白云岩界面EC分布,进而可辨识土壤厚度分布,但基于反演的EC值判别尺度较小的溶沟（槽）以及泥岩区土－岩界面误差较大。     

土层非线性地震反应一维时域分析

等效线性化方法在工程中经常被用于土层非线性地震反应一维数值分析,但考虑大震作用将较大峰值加速度时程作为输入时,该方法会引起过大的“共振”效应,造成对地表地震反应的误估。为了更合理的估计非线性地震反应,提出了一种考虑拟合阻尼比、刚度比试验曲线的时域分析方法,并用于响嘡台阵场地土层地震一维非线性反应分析,通过数值模拟结果与实际记录的比较,验证了该方法的可行性。最后,通过数值模拟证明该方法对大震情况下对地表地震反应的估计比等效线性化方法更为合理。     

The method of fundamental solution for 3‐D wave scattering in a fluid‐saturated poroelastic infinite domain

By using a complete set of poroelastodynamic spherical wave potentials (SWPs) representing a fast compressional wave P_I, a slow compressional wave P_II, and a shear wave S with 3 vectorial potentials (not all are independent), a solution scheme based on the method of fundamental solution (MFS) is devised to solve 3‐D wave scattering and dynamic stress concentration problems due to inhomogeneous inclusions and cavities embedded in an infinite poroelastic domain. The method is verified by comparing the result with the elastic analytical solution, which is a degenerated case, as well as with poroelastic solution obtained using other numerical methods. The accuracy and stability of the SWP‐MFS are also demonstrated. The displacement, hoop stress, and fluid pore pressure around spherical cavity and poroelastic inclusion with permeable and impermeable boundary are investigated for incident plane P_I and SV waves. The scattering characteristics are examined for a range of material properties, such as porosity and shear modulus contrast, over a range of frequency. Compared with other boundary‐based numerical strategy, such as the boundary element method and the indirect boundary integral equation method, the current SWP‐MFS is a meshless method that does not need elements to approximate the geometry and is free from the treatment of singularities. The SWP‐MFS is a highly accurate and efficient solution methodology for wave scattering problems of arbitrary geometry, particularly when a part of the domain extends to infinity.     

Detection of subsurface brines, freshwater bodies and the interface configuration in-between by the time domain electromagnetic method in the Dead Sea Rift, Israel

 High radon fluxes in the seismically active Dead Sea Rift seem to be affected by the hydrological system and the different salinities of groundwater bodies involved. The time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method was employed to delineate those different bodies and the configuration of the interfaces between them. The present hydrological system and the related brines and interfaces are controlled by the Dead Sea base level, presently at 408 m below MSL. TDEM measurements detect low resistivity (<1 ohm/m) units representing brines and the interface between them as well as the overlying fresher water bodies. In addition, high resistivity (freshwater) units are also detected, underlying the brines, related herein to a multiple hydrological system. Low-resistivity brines, detected above the present base level, are interpreted herein as yet unflushed ones which correspond to a former higher base level. Higher sequences, below historical (sixteenth century) base levels, are already devoid of brines, which gives an indication as to the rate of flushing. Received: 3 June 1996 / Accepted: 23 July 1996     

直升机载频率域电磁系统在我国环境和工程勘查中的应用前景

本文根据国际上采用直升机载频率域电磁系统进行环境和工程勘查的应用效果,结合我国引进的航空电磁系统的性能和特点,探讨了采用直升机载频率域电磁系统在我国进行环境和工程勘查的应用前景。