河南嵩县下蒿坪金矿工艺矿物学研究

通过化学分析、扫描电镜以及工艺矿物学自动定量分析系统(MLA)等测试方法对河南嵩县下蒿坪金矿进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究,包括原矿化学组成、矿物组成、金的赋存状态、主要载金矿物嵌布特征以及矿物解离特性等。结果表明,该金矿中主要可回收的有价金属为金,其品位为3.75×10^-6。该金矿的原矿矿物主要由石英、钾长石、钠长石、黄铁矿和铁白云石组成,此外还有少量的赤铁矿、萤石、白云石以及方解石。原矿中的金主要赋存在黄铁矿中,而黄铁矿大部分以细粒、微细粒形式嵌布在石英和长石颗粒中。原矿中自然金的含量非常少,多以单独的自然金颗粒形式存在。原矿磨至P₈₀=0.074 mm(-0.074 mm粒级含量占80%)时载金矿物黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿的单体解离度相对较高,有利于通过浮选回收。     

甘肃某含锑金矿浮选尾矿工艺矿物学研究

甘肃某金矿石平均含Au 4.3 g/t,为典型的含锑、砷难处理金矿,现场采用"重选-浮选-浮尾氰化"工艺回收Au,但Au的总回收率仅82%左右,浸渣中Au含量高达1.0~1.2 g/t,损失严重。为查明Au损失原因,提高Au回收率,采用矿物解离度分析仪(MLA),并结合传统的光学显微镜分析,对现场的浮选尾矿(氰化浸出给矿)进行了工艺矿物学研究。结果表明,浮选尾矿含Au 2.8 g/t,但Au赋存状态较为复杂,其中仅29.2%的Au以显微金-明金(粒度≥0.1 mm)形式存在,18.8%和48.2%的Au以超次显微金(粒度0.001 mm)形式赋存于辉锑矿、黄铁矿、毒砂等硫化矿物和石英、白云石、高岭石等硅酸盐矿物中,金嵌布粒度较细和包裹金所占比例较高,难以回收,是Au损失的主要原因。根据工艺矿物学研究结果,对可行的回收方案进行了初步研究。     

新疆卡拉玛铜矿床伴生金工艺矿物学研究

文章对卡拉玛铜矿床中伴生金的工艺矿物学特征进行了研究.结果显示,矿石主要由黄铜矿、黄铁矿、菱铁矿和少量辉铜矿组成,伴生金主要呈独立矿物自然金产出,多数金矿物以脉型和裂隙型嵌布于矿石中,金矿物的粒度多分布在0.10～0.05mm,矿石中金的理想回收率为86.78%.     

贵州威宁沉积型赤铁矿矿石工艺矿物学研究

对贵州威宁沉积型赤铁矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究,重点研究了该矿石的矿物组成、主要矿物嵌布特征和主要含铁矿物赤铁矿的单体解离情况。研究表明,该矿石属于低磷、低硫、微细粒嵌布的赤铁矿石;矿石中主要铁矿物以赤铁矿为主,其次为磁铁矿和褐铁矿,主要脉石矿物以石英为主,其次为绿泥石、云母、高岭石等粘土矿物;赤铁矿嵌布粒度极细,平均粒度0.015mm,且赤铁矿与脉石矿物嵌布关系复杂。本研究为该矿石的开发利用提供基础资料。     

甘肃礼县上坝金矿金的嵌布特征和赋存状态研究

通过对甘肃礼县上坝金矿工艺矿物学研究,查明了矿石中的矿物成分,金的赋存状态以及影响金回收的矿物学因素,研究证明金的嵌布主要与石英、褐铁矿有关。矿石氧化率高,金的粒度普遍细小,金矿物嵌布分散,该成果对湿法浸金技术具有指导作用。     

利用电子探针研究甘肃陇南赵家庄金矿载金矿物特征

应用偏光显微镜与电子探针相结合的手段是研究载金矿物的主要方法。本文采用镜下鉴定和电子探针分析技术,对赵家庄金矿中载金矿物含量、形态特征及其与其他矿物的空间关系开展研究,并对载金矿物进行定性和定量分析,探寻具有找矿意义的载金矿物和总结标志矿物特征。结果表明:研究区金矿石中主要载金矿物为黄铁矿,少量为黄铜矿、闪锌矿,这些载金矿物中Au含量依次为:细晶黄铁矿粗晶黄铁矿草莓状黄铁矿黄铜矿。不同时期的黄铁矿(粗晶黄铁矿、细晶黄铁矿、草莓状黄铁矿)中Au的分布均匀,但存在差异性,主要表现为细晶黄铁矿和草莓状黄铁矿中的Au含量较高(平均含量0. 14%～0. 18%),这种现象表明此类矿物为构造热液期形成,金易富集。Au以两种形式存在,一种是"可见金"包裹于脉石矿物中,或以裂隙金的形式嵌布在矿物晶隙及裂隙中;另一种是"不可见金"以纳米级颗粒金的形式存在于载金矿物中,也是Au的主要存在形式。本研究为后期矿床的成因、成矿过程和成矿机理研究提供了佐证,同时易于根据含金矿物的特征选择合适的选冶方法。     

焦家金矿主矿区金矿石的赋存特征

焦家金矿带是莱州-招远金矿区最重要的金矿带之一,产状复杂且性状变化较大。以往研究主要针对矿物种类、载金矿物及其形状及嵌布关系等进行分析,缺乏对金粒矿物学、金矿物种类及金颗粒的成色研究。本文采用偏光/反光显微镜、体视显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等技术手段对焦家金矿主矿区深部开采的矿石样品进行分析,研究内容主要包括金赋存状态、金粒度、金形状、金矿物类型及不同大小金粒的成色特征。结果表明:载金矿物主要以黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化矿和石英、长石等脉石矿物为主。金赋存状态有裂隙金(64.82%)、包裹金(19.29%)、晶隙金(15.89%);黄铁矿、黄铜矿中金粒较大,连群分布占多数,脉石中金粒细小,孤立分布占多数。金矿物形状复杂,主要有球状金、三角形金、矩形金。金矿物种类丰富,以自然金、银金矿、自然银、含铁自然银为主,其次为金铜矿、螺硫银矿、碲化金银。金矿物粒度范围较大,大金颗粒可达到90~110 μm,小金颗粒只有2~3 μm。金银矿物的成色普遍较高,大粒金成色低,以银金矿为主,小粒金成色高,大都为自然金。本文丰富了焦家金矿矿物学研究的内容,为后续选冶工艺提供了调控依据和重要信息。     

X射线衍射-扫描电镜等技术研究秘鲁铜硫矿石选矿工艺矿物学特征

秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。     

福建尤溪肖板金矿床金的赋存状态及金矿物特征

肖板金矿床属受构造控制的中低温岩浆热液矿床,矿化类型为构造蚀变岩型。金多呈独立金矿物形式出现,少许呈分散状;金矿物以自然金为主,平均成色９３０,有少量银金矿和碲金矿。金矿物以包体金、裂隙金、连生金和粒间金等形式嵌布于黄铁矿、黄铜矿、石英、方铅矿及方解石等主要载金矿物中,且石英、方解石中较金属硫化物中占优势。金矿物形态各异,粒度以中细粒为主。     

鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿磁化还原矿物组成及分布规律

鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿原矿全铁品位47.56%,含P 0.93%,主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、方解石、铁白云石,属难选铁矿石。通过磁化焙烧-磨矿-磁选优化工艺,最佳磁化焙烧条件为:焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间90min、还原剂用量12%,焙烧矿磨矿细度-0.074mm占85.15%,经弱磁选可得到全铁品位为58.13%、磷含量0.70%,铁回收率为90.41%的粗精矿。对磁化焙烧-磁选过程的各产物组成分析表明,焙烧矿和粗精矿中主要矿物为磁铁矿,占比分别为65%和85%;主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、铁白云石等。粗精矿矿物的嵌布粒度较细,-0.074mm粒级占85.15%,但部分矿物仍以相互浸染、包裹、鲕状碎屑、连晶等形式存在,矿物仍未完全单体解离,从而导致粗精矿中杂质磷、铝等含量较高。粗精矿细磨后粒度-0.022mm含量为80%时,磁铁矿的解离度为84.63%,可实现磁铁矿充分单体解离,经过深选可提高铁精矿质量。     

Gold Mineralization of the Gatsuurt Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia

Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t^?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO₂‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO₂‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit.     

西北某钒钛磁铁矿矿石的工艺矿物学研究

西北某矿石属低硫含磷的酸性低品位原生钒钛磁铁矿矿石,通过镜下鉴定、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜分析等多种手段对原矿的化学成分、矿物组成及含量、矿物的产出形式、矿石的结构构造、主要目的矿物的嵌布粒度等进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究,查明矿石的工艺学特性.研究结果表明,该矿石具浸染状构造和交代构造,其中铁矿物主要是钛磁铁矿和赤铁矿,钛矿物包括钛铁矿、金红石和榍石等.钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿均属不均匀细粒—微细粒嵌布特征,在-400目占95%左右的磨矿细度条件下,通过选矿可获得铁精矿和钛精矿两种产品.     

Preliminary analysis on roles of metal–organic compounds in the formation of invisible gold

The paper comprises new analytical data on the nature and occurrence of gold in solid pyrobitumen, closely associated with the main gold-bearing sulfide arsenic ores of the Bakyrchik gold deposit (Kazakhstan), related to post-collisional magmatic-hydrothermal origin. Gold mineralization of the deposit occurs mainly in the form of an “invisible” type of gold in the structures of arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite, and the form of gold-organic compounds of pyrobitumen in carbonaceous-terrigenous sequences of Carboniferous formation. Microscopic and electron microscopic analysis, Raman and FT-Infrared analysis, mineralogical and three-step sequential extraction analysis (NH₂OH·HCl, H₂O_2, HNO₃ + HCl) has been carried out using 9 ore samples (from 3 different types of ores) for a comprehensive study of pyrobitumen and sulfide arsenic ores focusing mainly on organic matter. The sequentially extracted precious metal content of pyrobitumen reaches up to 7 ppm gold and other metals like Ag 4 ppm, Pt 31 ppb, and Pd 26 ppb, forming metal–organic compounds, while arsenic sulfide minerals incorporate 11 ppm gold, 39 ppm Ag, 0.49 ppm Pt. The enrichment of gold associating with organic matter and sulfide ore minerals was confirmed in this study. Organic matter was active in the migration of gold and the capture of gold by pyrobitumen. Moreover, the reductive organic matter agent released gold, most likely for the sulfide arsenic ore minerals. Pyrobitumen was a decisive factor in the concentration, transportation, and preservation of gold in the deposit.

     

Mineralogical characteristics and recovery process optimization analysis of a refractory gold ore with gold particles mainly encapsulated in pyrite and Arsenopyrite

To interpret the leaching rules, select suitable treatment methods, or optimize the treatment process of refractory gold ores, an in-depth analysis of ore characteristics using ore mineralogy is required. In this study, the mineralogical characteristics of a low-grade refractory gold ore were analyzed by a variety of analytical techniques and methods. The ore composition was obtained by chemical analysis, and the main minerals include gold, pyrite, arsenopyrite, feldspar, mica, and quartz. Gold exists in the form of sub-microscopic gold with a particle size of fewer than 1.7 μm, of which 56.90 % is encapsulated gold, 16.97 % is semi-coated gold, and 26.13 % is fractured gold. The content, classification, shape, grain distribution, and occurrence state of the main minerals in the gold ore were obtained by microscopic observation and statistical analysis. Based on the results, the leaching rules of the gold ore were predicted, and suggestions for optimizing the pretreatment process were put forward. These results can accurately guide the pretreatment and leaching process of the gold ore and lay a foundation for the effective utilization of comparable gold ores.     

海南王下牙老金矿床矿石特征

王下牙老金矿为贫硫化物方解石-石英脉型金矿床,矿体严格受断裂裂隙控制.矿石的有用组分单一,有害杂质少,金矿物主要为自然金.主要的金属矿物为毒砂、黄铁矿,同时也是主要的载金矿物;非金属矿物为石英、碳酸盐矿物.矿石多具自形、半自形、他形粒状结构,以脉状、浸染状构造为主.自然金形态为角粒状、长角粒状,赋存状态以粒间金为主,其次为包裹金,裂隙金仅占8.2%,自然金为显微金.矿石类型以含金方解石-石英复合脉为主,其次为含金构造角砾岩型和含金蚀变岩型.     

The Processing Mineralogy for Lead and Zinc Oxide Ore in Sichuan

Using variety of modern testing methods, the processing mineralogical characteristics for a lead and zinc oxide ore in Sichuan were studied systematically. The chemical analysis result shows that the lead and zinc oxide content exceeding the minimum industrial grade and iron ore, total iron content reaches a minimum industrial grade and associated with gold and silver; The mineralogical analysis result shows that lead and zinc mineral composition and configuration are very complexity. The zinc minerals and zinciferous minerals are sphalerite, hemimorphite, Smithsonite, Hydrozincite, zinc chlorite, limonite, zinc dolomite and zincocalcite; lead minerals and plumbiferous minerals are mainly galena, cerussite, anglesite, limonite and Coronadite; The minerals disseminated grain size are very fine and mineral dissemination characteristics are very complex ; expected theoretical recoveries for lead and zinc were 72% and 67% respectively. The results of this study provide basic data and theoretical basis for ore dressing.     

卡林型金矿石中金的赋存状态分析新方法

卡林型金矿富含有机质,金主要呈显微一超显微分散状态存在,利用工艺矿物学参数自动检测分析仪(MLA)及传统化学方法只能大致判断矿石中金的赋存趋势,无法对其赋存状态准确定量.本文利用MLA仪器系统分析贵州回龙卡林型金矿,测得矿石中金主要以显微-超显微状态包裹于黄铁矿和毒砂中,少量被脉石等其他矿石包裹;黄铁矿约66％完全解离,而毒砂仅30％完全解离,载金矿物与其他矿物连生或者被包裹,将不利于硫化物包裹金的浸出.结合回龙金矿石中金的赋存特征和富含有机质的特点,对传统的物相分析流程进行改进,调整了硫化物包裹金和碳酸盐包裹金的浸出顺序,提出裸露金-碳酸盐包裹金-硫化物包裹金-硅酸盐包裹金的浸出流程,在裸露金及碳酸盐包裹金浸出时加入活性炭,利用竞争吸附抑制矿石中有机炭对金的吸附,降低有机炭对分相的影响.对比试验结果表明,采用改进的方法,有机炭含量在1％左右的金矿石分相时加入活性炭对各相测定值的影响不大;先浸出碳酸盐包裹金,再测定硫化物包裹金,各相的测定数据更加准确.改进的方法(加活性炭)用于测定回龙金矿中裸露金和碳酸盐、硫化物、硅酸盐包裹金,含量分别为1.25％、84.17％、11.46％和3.13％,与选矿试验结果相一致,表明该法适合应用于卡林型金矿中金的赋存状态分析.     

Mineralogy,geochemistry and origin of Mn in the high-Mn iron ores,Bahariya Oasis,Egypt

Although Mn is one of the major impurities in the economic iron ores from the Bahariya Oasis, information on its modes of occurrence and origin is lacking in previous studies. High-Mn iron ores from El Gedida and Ghorabi–Nasser iron mines were subjected to detailed mineralogical, geochemical, and petrographic investigations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectrometry (IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) to clarify the modes of occurrence of Mn in these deposits and its origin. The results showed that the MnO₂ contents range between 0.03 and 13.9 wt.%. Three mineralogical types have been identified for the Mn in the high-Mn iron ores, including: (1) inclusions within the hematite and goethite and/or Mn accumulated on their active surfaces, (2) coarse-grained and crystalline pyrolusite, and (3) fine-grained cement-like Mn oxide and hydroxide minerals (bixbyite, cryptomelane, aurorite, romanechite, manjiroite, and pyrochroite) between the Fe-bearing minerals. The Mn carbonate mineral (rhodochrosite) was detected only in the Ghorabi–Nasser high-Mn iron ores. Since IR patterns of low-Mn and high-Mn samples are almost the same, a combination of XRD analysis using non-filtered Fe-Kα radiations and Raman spectroscopy could be the best way to identify and distinguish between different Mn minerals.Assuming that both Fe and Mn were derived from the same source, the occurrence of high-Mn iron ores at the base of the stratigraphic section of the deposits overlain by the low-Mn iron ores indicated a supergene origin of the studied ores by descending solutions. The predominance of Mn oxide and hydroxide minerals in botryoidal shapes supports this interpretation. The small grain size of Mn-bearing minerals as well as the features of microbial fossils such as spherical, elliptical, and filamentous shapes of the Fe-bearing minerals suggested a microbial origin of studied iron ores.Variations in the distribution and mineralogy types of Mn in the iron ores of the Bahariya Oasis demanded detailed mineralogical and petrographic characterizations of the deposits before the beneficiation of high-Mn iron ores from the Bahariya Oasis as feedstock for the ironmaking industries in Egypt by magnetizing reduction. High Mn contents, especially in the Ghorabi–Nasser iron ore and occurrence of Mn as inclusions and/or accumulated on the surface of the Fe-bearing minerals would suggest a possible utilization of the high-Mn iron ores to produce ferromanganese alloys.