第36届国际溶液化学大会（英文）

正Xining,China August 4-8,2019 On behalf of the organizing committee,we are delighted to invite you to attend the 36~(th) International Conference on Solution Chemistry (36~(th) ICSC) in Xining,China,during Aug.4-8~(th),2019.ICSC is a continual and international-influence long history symposium,has been held in odd years for 35 times at     

第36届国际溶液化学大会(英文)

正Xining, China August4-8, 2019 On behalf of the organizing committee, we are delighterd to invite you to attend the 36th International Conference on Solution Chemistry (36th ICSC) in Xining, China, during Aug.4-8th, 2019.ICSC is a continual and international-influence long history symposium, has been held in odd years for 35 times at various locations arouncd the world, the latest 5 times as follows:2009 31st ICSC,Innsbruck,Austria2011 32nd ICSC, la Grande Motte, France2013 33rd ICSC, Tokyo, Japan2015 34th ICSC, Prague, Czech Republic:     

Editorial Afterword to the Special Issue

<正>In order to greet the 36th International Conference on Solution Chemistry (36th ICSC) held in Xining,Qinghai,and organized by Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,the special issue on Solution Chemistry was applied for and approved by the National Publication Administration of China.     

Promoting Rural Revitalization through the Conservation of Agricultural Heritage Systems

正The 2~(nd) Conference of the East Asia Research Association for Agricultural Heritage Systems(ERAHS),on the theme of"Rural Revitalization in Marginal Areas:Biodiversity and Traditional Agriculture",was successfully held in Sado City,Japan from June 22~(nd) to 26~(th),2015,which involved more than 120 participants including researchers,government officials,entrepreneurs and journalists from China,Japan,Korea and the Philippines.This conference was organized by ERAHS and     

不同放牧强度对内蒙古锡林郭勒草原土壤有机碳的影响（英文）

Changes in soil organic carbon(SOC) in rangelands has been extensively investigated. Grazing in outlying rangeland areas has caused severe impacts on ecosystem functions. To reveal the effects of grazing on SOC, we evaluated the grassland in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, China. Grazing intensity was determined by using two image sets of vegetation index with normalized differences in grazing periods(July 12 th and 28th). The range of variation in vegetation index was then used to measure the grazing intensity. The SOC storage and density were obtained by conducting experiments on field soil samples. Results showed that 1) the grazing intensity in Xilin Gol League declined gradually from west to east; by contrast, the spatial distribution of SOC density increased gradually. 2) As grazing intensity increased, the carbon storage of rangeland decreased evidently. Minimum carbon storage was observed in grasslands classified under extreme overgrazing; by comparison, maximum values were found in areas classified under light overgrazing to moderate grazing. 3) The estimated soil carbon storage was 8.48 × 10~(11) kg, and the average carbon density was 4.08 kg/m~2. Our research demonstrated that grazing intensity likely affects soil carbon. Moderate grazing is an optimum strategy to maintain carbon storage and ensure sustainable grassland utilization.     

Multi-scale temperature variations and their regional differences in China during the Medieval Climate Anomaly

The Medieval Climate Anomaly(MCA, AD950–1250) is the most recent warm period lasting for several hundred years and is regarded as a reference scenario when studying the impact of and adaptation to global and regional warming. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of temperature variations on decadal–centennial scales during the MCA for four regions(Northeast, Northwest, Central-east, and Tibetan Plateau) in China, based on high-resolution temperature reconstructions and related warm–cold records from historical documents. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition method is used to analyze the time series. The results showed that for China as a whole, the longest warm period during the last 2000 years occurred in the 10 th–13 th centuries, although there were multi-decadal cold intervals in the middle to late 12 th century. However, in the beginning and ending decades, warm peaks and phases on the decadal scale of the MCA for different regions were not consistent with each other. On the inter-decadal scale, regional temperature variations were similar from 950 to 1130; moreover, their amplitudes became smaller, and the phases did not agree well from 1130 to 1250. On the multi-decadal to centennial scale, all four regions began to warm in the early 10 th century and experienced two cold intervals during the MCA. However, the Northwest and Central-east China were in step with each other while the warm periods in the Northeast China and Tibetan Plateau ended about 40-50 years earlier. On the multi-centennial scale, the mean temperature difference between the MCA and Little Ice Age was significant in Northeast and Central-east China but not in the Northwest China and Tibetan Plateau. Compared to the mean temperature of the 20 th century, a comparable warmth in the MCA was found in the Central-east China, but there was a little cooling in Northeast China; meanwhile, there were significantly lower temperatures in Northwest China and Tibetan Plateau.     

Using water isotopes and hydrogeochemical evidences to characterize groundwater age and recharge rate in the Zhangjiakou area,North China

Despite the increasing depletion of the groundwater at the Zhangjiakou aquifer system in the northwest of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, little information is available on the hydrological process of groundwater in this region. In this study, we utilized water isotopes composition(δ~(18) O, δD and ~3 H) of groundwater, river and precipitation to identify the characteristics of hydrochemistry, groundwater age and recharge rates in different watersheds of the Zhangjiakou area. Results showed that the river water and groundwater could be characterized as HCO_3-Mg·Na, HCO_3·Cl-Na and HCO_3-Mg·Na, HCO_3·Cl-Na, HCO_3·Cl-Na·Mg types, respectively. The δD and δ~(18) O values in precipitation were linearly correlated, which is similar to the Global Meteorological Water Line(GMWL). Furthermore, the decreasing values of the δD and δ~(18) O from precipitation to surface water and groundwater indicate that groundwater is mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation. In addition, the variation of 3 H concentration with depth suggests that groundwater shallower than around 100 m is generally modern water. In contrast, groundwater deeper around 100 m is a mixture of modern and old waters, which has longer residence times. Groundwater showed a relatively low tritium concentration in the confined aquifers, indicating the groundwater recharged might be relatively old groundwater of over 60 years. The flow velocity of the groundwater in the study area varied from 1.10 to 2.26 m/a, and the recharge rates ranged from 0.034 to 0.203 m/a. The obtained findings provide important insights into understanding the groundwater recharge sources and hydrochemistry in the Zhangjiakou area, in turn developing a sustainable groundwater management plan.     

Progress in China’s climate change study in the 20th century

IPCC (2001) pointed out that the earth's climate was undergoing a remarkable change with characteristics of global warming over the past 100 years. The latest research showed that the global mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.6 oC since 1861. It is very likely that the last 20 years in the 20th century was the warmest decades. The Northern Hemisphere temperatures in the 20th century appeared to have been unprecedented during the past millennium. The research also indicates th…     

The 5th Asian Conference on Geography held in Thai Nguyen,Vietnam

<正>From September 5th to 9th,2022,the 5th Asian Conference on Geography (ACG) was held in Thai Nguyen,Vietnam.As the key biennial academic event under the auspice of Asian Geographical Association (AGA),this conference was co-organized by Thai Nguyen University (TNU),Association of Vietnamese Geographers (AVG),Institute of Geography,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST).Under the theme"Geography in Dynamic Asia",the conference was attended by over 360 participants from 26 countr...     

LI Wenhua,Editor-in-Chief,Won the Outstanding Contribution Award

正Academician LI Wenhua, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Resources and Ecology, Won the "Outstanding Contribution Award for the 40~(th) Anniversary of the Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere Program".The conference for the 45~(th) anniversary of the People’s Republic of China’s accession to the UNESCO’s "Man and Biosphere Program" and for the 40~(th) anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese National Committee for "Man     

Accumulation and geochemical evidence for the Little Ice Age episode in eastern Antarctica

Data on accumulation and concentration of chemical compounds recorded in an essentially unexplored area(Dome Argus)of the Indian Ocean sector of eastern Antarctica during the past 2,680 years(680 B.C. to 1999 A.D.) are presented. During the first 1, 700 years(680 B. C. to 1000 A. D.), the accumulation data shows a slightly decreasing trend, while chemical ions appear to be stable, representing a stable climatic condition. An intensive increasing trend of the accumulation occurred during the 12^th to 14^th century. The period from 15^th to 19^th century was characterized by a rapid reducing accumulation and concentrations of volatile compounds suffering post-depositional loss linked to sparse precipitation amount,which was temporally consistent with the Little Ice Age(LIA) episode. Comparison between observed accumulation rates with other eastern Antarctic ice cores show a consistent decreasing trend during LIA, while sea salt and dust-originated ions increased due to sea ice extent and intensified atmospheric transportation. Distribution of volcanic originated sulfate over the Antarctic continent show a significant change during the 15^th century, coincident with the onset of the LIA. These results are important for the assessment of Antarctic continent mass balance and associated interpretation of the Dome A deep ice core records.     

香港地区晚第四纪环境的几个问题

香港的“潜在”植物区系及顶极植被与爪哇及印度相似。香港的红树林组成逊于海南但胜于闽南。Ｑ３＾２海相层中有现今仅见于海南的陆均松和海松。Ｑ４海相层中有红茄冬、角果木、榄李，而现今仅见榄李。中全新世香港有海滩岩发育。上述现象表明香港属于热带北部，历史上热带性比今更强。香港及邻近海域１１个剖面揭示Ｑ３＾１以来有３个海相层，经历３次重大的海陆变迁。据验潮记录，近三四十年海平面上升率为１．６４±０．２５ｍｍ     

510年来中国东中部地区气候干湿变化研究

选择上海、武汉、天津和西安为典型区，以1470-1979年逐年干湿等级序列为基本数据源，应用墨西哥帽小波变换方法，对中国东中部地区近510a来不同时间尺度下的气候干湿变化与气候突变特征进行分析，并探讨气候干湿变化的动因。结果显示：19世纪以前气候干湿变化表现出较明显的东西差异；小冰期事件、18世纪气候温和期等非局地性事件在较大区域都有反应，但各地的具体响应程度、方式和时间均有差异；在20世纪气候变暖的大背景下，各地气候均向偏干旱方向演变。百年以上尺度气候干湿变化的原因主要是太阳辐射及其引起的大气环流变化，百年以下尺度的变化则与季风系统短尺度波动、区内各个大气环流系统的相互作用、局地下垫面差异和人类活动等复杂因素的影响有关。     

近400年来北极地区和中国气温变化的对比研究

对中国和北极地区近400年来的气温变化进行了趋势分析和谱特征分析,通过对比认为,北极地区及中国基本上都有17世纪、19世纪两个寒冷期和18世纪、20世纪两个温暖期,在一定程度上说明了气候变化的全球性,但两地区气温的冷暖转化不同步。中国大部分地区(除华东、新疆、西藏区外)17、19世纪升温开始得较北极早;北极地区绝大部分站点18世纪升温较中国明显,且气温变化的区域差异较大。400aBP以来两地气温变化的周期较为一致,以130～140年、100年、80年的周期为主,说明400aBP以来气温的变化具有全球性,而且气温的变化受太阳活动的影响较大,自然因素尤其是太阳活动的影响是气候变化的主要原因。     

内蒙古嘎顺诺尔湖泊沉积物磁化率与粒度的古环境意义

湖泊沉积物磁化率和粒度已被广泛地应用于古环境和古气候研究,但在不同地区两者的关系不同,一般与磁性矿物来源、种类和赋存粒级有关。查明磁性矿物来源和赋存状态是利用粒度和磁化率恢复古环境的重要基础。通过测定干旱区嘎顺诺尔GXN剖面湖泊沉积物的磁化率与粒度及两者的相关关系,结合代表性样品的岩石磁学特征,揭示此类地区湖泊沉积物磁性矿物来源和赋存状态,探讨它们在干旱区湖泊沉积物中所反映的环境变化信息。结果显示,剖面下部（200~105 cm）和上部（36~0 cm）沉积物磁化率与粗砂含量呈正相关,中部（105~36 cm）与粉砂含量呈正相关,表明磁性矿物主要富集于粗颗粒和较粗颗粒组分中。剖面下部和中部沉积物以顺磁性矿物为主,含少量亚铁磁性矿物（如磁铁矿+磁赤铁矿）,含少量顺磁性矿物;剖面上部沉积物以亚铁磁性矿物为主（如磁赤铁矿+磁铁矿）,含少量顺磁性矿物。根据嘎顺诺尔晚全新世湖泊沉积物剖面的岩性、磁化率和粒度组合特征,可将其划分为河漫滩相沉积（200~105 cm）、浅湖相沉积（105~36 cm）和滨浅湖相沉积（36~0 cm）3个阶段。该湖粒度组分中<4 μm和4~64 μm颗粒主要反映了湖泊水动力的变化,受碎屑物来源和水动力条件的控制;而河漫滩相中>64 μm粗颗粒组分的峰值是风力作用的结果。河漫滩相及滨浅湖相的磁化率高值则指示了湖面较低,水动力较强,有较多的磁性矿物随粗颗粒入湖;浅湖相的磁化率低值则指示该时期湖面较高,水动力较弱,磁性矿物随入湖粗颗粒含量的减少而降低。     

Response of Sandy Lake in Schirmacher Oasis,East Antarctica to the glacial-interglacial climate shift

Freshwater lakes in Antarctica fluctuate from ice-free state (during austral summer) to ice-cover state (during austral winter). Hence the lakes respond instantly to the seasonal climate of the region. The Antarctic seasons respond sharply to the glacial and interglacial climates and these signatures are archived in the lake sediments. A sediment core from Sandy Lake, a periglacial lake located in Schirmacher Oasis of East Antarctica records distinct changes in grain-size, C, N, C/N ratios (atomic), δ¹³C_OM and δ¹⁵N_OM contents during the last 36 ky. The contents of the sedimentary organic matter (OM) proxies (C_org ~ 0.3 ± 0.2%, C/N ratios ~9 ± 5 and δ¹³C_OM ~?18 ± 6‰) indicate that the OM in this lake sediment is a product of mixing of terrestrial and lacustrine biomass. Distinctly lower contents of C_org (~0.2%) and sand (~50%), low C/N ratios (~8) and depleted δ¹³C_OM (~?20‰) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM: 32–17 ky BP based on Vostok Temperatures) suggest greater internal (autochthonous) provenance of organic matter and limited terrestrial (allochthonous) inputs probably due to long and intense winters in the Antarctic. Such intense winters might have resulted the lake surface to be ice-covered for most part of the year when the temperatures remained consistently colder than the Holocene temperatures. The denitrification within the lake evident by enriched δ¹⁵N_OM (>10‰) during Antarctic LGM might have resulted from oxygen-limitation within the lake environment caused by insulated lake surface. The gradual increases in δ¹³C_OM, C/N and sand content starting at ~11 ky BP and attaining high values (~?11‰, ~10 and ~80% respectively) at ~6 ky BP together suggest a subtle change in the balance of sources of organic matter between algal and macrophyte/bryophyte nearly 8–9 ky later to the beginning of the deglaciation. Thus the seasonal opening-up of the Sandy Lake similar to the modern pattern started with the establishment of the optimum temperature conditions (i.e., 0 °C anomaly) in the Antarctic, prior to which the lake environment might have remained mostly insulated or closed.     

红砂育苗的土壤水分管理初步研究

分布于60~300 mm降水量区域的超旱生半灌木红砂,是该区域的建群种,也是人工辅助植被恢复的主要树种,探索其幼苗成活与土壤含水量之间的关系,对人工辅助恢复植被十分重要。以不同苗龄的红砂容器苗和直播实生幼苗为调查对象,研究了红砂幼苗成活数量与土壤含水量之间的相关性。结果表明：10 cm土层中的体积含水量在20~25 d内持续达20%~30%时,其成活率达到70%左右;25 d以后,含水量在10%时就能维持其生命,苗龄30~40 d后幼苗成活率趋于稳定。