HK-1便携式水质自动分析仪测定环境水中镉铜锌镍铅

利用电化学分析原理,采用HK-1便携式水质自动分析仪测定环境水中Cd、Cu、Zn、 Ni、Pb。建立了流动体系微电解池Au(Hg)-Au-Ag三电极体系,选择1mol／L NH4Cl-NH3 ·H2O为底液,采用阳极溶出伏安法测定Cd、Cu和Pb,催化伏安法测定Ni,阴极伏安法测定Zn。标准曲线法测定Cd、Cu的检测限各为1．0μg/L,Zn为0．1 mg/L,Ni为1．0μg/L,Pb为5μg／L。自行研制的封闭式流动体系便携式水质分析仪能够满足水质分析的要求,并已用于环境科学、给排水系统现场监测。     

黄河三角洲沉积物重金属、氮和磷污染研究

黄河三角洲河流、沼泽、湖坪环境主要为粉砂质沉积、重金属Cd,Pb,Zn和Hg的含量范围分别为0．07－0．30μg/g，9．7－36．3μg/g，37．4－110μg/g和0．01－0．25μg/g，Cu,Ni,Cr和Mn的含量范围分别为18．4－58．0μg/g，17．9－43．7μg/g，38．7－80．7μg/g和423－980μg/g。由于Pb,Zn,Cd和Hg的含量较低，Cu,Ni,Cr和Mn的含量与背景值无明显差别，黄河三角洲沉积可能未遭受明显的污染。黄河三角洲富粘土粒级的粉砂质沉积明显富集重金属。但若排除其影响，黄河口沉积物剖面从下至上Pb,Zn,Cd和Hg含量仍呈现上升趋势，反映出自八十年代以来黄河流域经济快速增长对环境的影响。黄河三角洲沉积物的总氮含量一般较低（110－670μg/g)，其中NH3态氮的比例仅为0．01－0．06。沉积物中总磷含量为430－760μg/g，主要为钙磷酸盐，以FePO4和AlPO4形式存在的磷的含量仅分别占0．00－0．08和0．00－0．03。因此，沉积物的氮和磷不会对环境产生较严重的影响。     

断续流动在线分离富集-蒸气发生原子荧光光谱法测定复杂环境样品中痕量镉

用D201阴离子交换树脂富集样品中的痕量Cd，使Cd与共存干扰元素Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn有效分离，消除了这些元素对镉蒸气发生的干扰，从而建立了断续流动在线分离富集-蒸气发生原子荧光光谱法测定复杂环境样品中痕量Cd的分析方法。方法的检出限为3ng／L（3σ）；测定精密度（RSD）为1．9％（对1μg/L Cd，n=11）。用该方法对国家一级标准物质（土壤、水系沉积物和岩石）中的痕量镉进行了测定，结果与标准值相符。     

发射光谱法测定勘查地球化学样品中银硼锡钼铅

以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3和炭粉为缓冲剂，Ge为内标，电弧发射光谱法测定勘查地球化学样品中Ag、B、Sn、Mo、Pb。方法检出限为Ag0．013μg／g、B0．83μg/g、Sn0．23μg／g、Mo0．073μg/g、Pb0．37μg／g。方法精密度（RSD，n=12）为Ag4．2％～11．3％、B3．2％～6．5％、Sn2．6％～7．1％、Mo2．9％～6．3％、Pb1．57％～5．18％。测定了国家一级地球化学标准物质，结果与标准值相符。     

冷蒸气原子荧光法测量地球化学样品中痕量汞

用冷蒸气原子荧光法测量地球化学样品中痕量汞,对载气流量、试液酸度、硼氢化钾浓度等进行了试验。工作曲线线性范围为0～4μg/L,方法检出限为0.002 3μg/g,精密度RSD%为1.1~5.0。方法用国家一级地球化学标准物质中汞的测定,结果与标准值一致。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定西藏矽卡岩型铜多金属富矿石中8种成矿元素

矽卡岩型铜多金属富矿石是西藏特有矿产,具有成矿元素多样且含量普遍较高的特点,矿物类型主要为硫化物型,成矿元素有Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、Ag、Bi、Cd、Co等。采用湿法处理此类样品时常因银、铅等元素含量较高出现难溶解、易沉淀现象,导致测定结果偏低。本文采用盐酸预处理、硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶矿体系,能有效除去样品中的硫,样品分解效果好,选择稀释倍数为1000、溶液介质为10%盐酸,样品溶液不会产生沉淀,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定各待测元素均可获得较好的准确度、精密度。方法测定范围为:Cu 0.0056%~20.0%,Pb 0.0087%~20.0%,Zn 0.0031%~20.0%,Fe 0.0090%~20.0%,Ag 5.40~3000μg/g,Bi 10.8~5000μg/g,Cd 0.69~5000μg/g,Co 2.09~5000μg/g。用国家标准物质进行验证,方法准确度小于5.40%,精密度(RSD,n=11)小于4.41%。该方法具有前处理流程简单、分析速度快、同时测定元素多、线性范围宽等优点,经实际样品测试与不同方法分析数据吻合。     

碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法连续测定地球化学样品中痕量银镉铊

研究了碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮（KI—MIBK）萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法连续测定地球化学样品中痕量银、镉和铊的主要条件。通过对火焰原子吸收分光光度计气路控制系统及雾化器的改进，较大地改善了萃取-火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定银、镉和铊的稳定性和灵敏度。选择萃取酸度为1．2mol／L HCl、水相和有机相体积配比为3：1～4：1，方法精密度（RSD，n=12）为Ag4．5％～9．6％、Cd1．5％～7．9％、T14．5％～5．4％，检出限（3s）为Ag0．004μg/g、Cd0．007μg／g、T10．011μg/g，符合多目标地球化学调查样品测试及质量监控要求。用国家一级标准物质和密码组合标准物质进行验证，测试结果令人满意。     

青海省察尔汗盐湖卤水中有效硒的测定

针对氯化物型卤水,用氯化镧作为共沉淀剂进行分离富集,在盐酸介质中,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定卤水中的有效硒。结果表明,方法检出限为0.008μg/L,硒的含量在0~100μg/L范围内呈线性关系,标准加入回收率为97.5%~101.9%。方法准确可靠。     

江西省德兴铜矿矿区重金属元素的环境效应

本文系统研究了德兴铜矿排石场和尾砂库的环境问题,以环境介质（水土植物）中重金属元素含量为研究对象,论述矿区重金属的环境效应。研究结果表明祝家村低品位矿石堆浸场淋滤产生的酸性废水是造成大坞河流域重金属污染的主要来源。大坞河上游水体中Cu元素含量高达14506μg/L,是国家Ⅲ级水标准的14倍之多,Zn元素含量高达2938μg/L,是国家Ⅲ级水标准的2.9倍,同时pH值在3~4范围内;到中下游水体中Cu元素含量减小到几千到几百μg/L,水质有所改善。大坞河沿岸上游和中游土壤重金属含量受河水影响,随着与河岸距离的增加而减小。同时水稻中Pb元素含量是国家粮食标准的2倍。推测4#尾砂库尾砂表层氧化带深度大于80cm;而1#尾砂库库内尾砂中氧化带估计在0~25cm处。推测两个尾砂库产酸能力小于酸中和能力,故坝底水中pH值在7左右,对周围水体影响较小。与4#尾砂库距离近的石墩头村稻田表层土壤中Cu、Mo元素含量较高,远离尾砂库土壤中重金属含量降低。同时4#尾砂库周围土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu元素的吸附态、碳酸盐态比例在20%左右,因而在酸性环境下较容易被植物吸收。1#尾砂库矿建村种植的小白菜中Pb元素含量超过国家蔬菜标准的4倍,Cu、Pb、Zn元素含量严重超过背景值。     

原子荧光光谱法测定土壤样品中的微量锡

样品经碱熔融后,在2%硫酸介质中,以2%酒石酸溶液作载流,采用原子荧光光谱法测定土壤样品中的微量锡,锡荧光强度与其质量浓度在0~150μg/L呈线性关系。本方法操作简便,相对标准偏差在3.51%~7.86%之间,检出限为0.15μg/g。对国家一级标准物质进行测定,结果令人满意。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861