锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata幼体形态观察

描述了锯缘青蟹各期幼体的外部形态。青蟹在环境条件不适、营养不良情况下，会出现异常的额外的第六期蚤状幼体。绘图表达了各期幼体重要特征。     

锯缘青蟹繁殖生物学的研究

为解决锯缘青蟹的种苗生产问题，较系统地研究了其繁殖生物学的有关问题。结果表明，锯缘青蟹的繁殖季节是3－10月，体重130g以上的青蟹均有交配、生殖能力，雌雄比例近1∶1，采用促熟措施可达到雌蟹早产卵的目的；适宜胚胎发育水温是20－30℃，当水温25－30℃时，幼体发育随水温增高而加快。并描述了幼体各期的主要特征。     

锯缘青蟹繁殖生物学的研究

为解决锯缘青蟹的种苗生产问题 ,较系统地研究了其繁殖生物学的有关问题。结果表明 ,锯缘青蟹的繁殖季节是 3～ 1 0月 ,体重 1 3 0g以上的青蟹均有交配、生殖能力 ,雌雄比例近 1∶1 ,采用促熟措施可达到雌蟹早产卵的目的 ;适宜胚胎发育水温是 2 0～ 3 0℃ ,当水温 2 5～ 3 0℃时 ,幼体发育随水温增高而加快。并描述了幼体各期的主要特征     

中华绒螯蟹幼体及成蟹的消化酶活性研究

中华绒螯蟹是我国水产养殖上的主要养殖品种之一 ,但其苗种供应和成蟹产量仍不稳定 ,特别是大规格成蟹产量非常低 ,这成为河蟹养殖的一个制约因素。对河蟹消化酶的研究 ,有助于揭示河蟹在各个养殖阶段和环境下的营养需求特点。关于蟹类消化酶的研究 ,仅在幼体方面有些报道 ,如Hirche和 Anger测定了蛛形蛤蟆蟹各期幼体消化酶活力 [1] ;国内学者潘鲁青等研究了中华绒螯蟹幼体的消化酶活性与氨基酸组成[2 ] ;汤鸿等研究了锯缘青蟹幼体消化酶活力。本文测定了中华绒螯蟹幼体及成蟹的消化酶活性 ,试图从消化酶角度探讨中华绒螯蟹的营养需求以及…     

罗氏沼虾幼体摄食和饥饿的初步研究

在室内实验条件下，对罗氏沼虾各期蚤状幼体摄食卤虫无节幼体量及早期饥饿对蚤幼发育变态的影响进行了试验。结果表明，罗氏沼虾幼体从ＺⅡ开始摄食，ＺⅢ摄食量明显增加，日摄食卤虫无节约体量为１９个，随着蜕皮变态．日摄食量逐渐增大．到ＺⅥ日摄食量达９０个，但在蜕变皮间期内日摄食量差别不大，从Ｚ１发育至Ｐ１平均每尾幼体摄食卤虫无节幼体总量为１０９４个。饥饿对罗氏沼虾幼体早期的变态和成活有明显影响，罗氏沼虾幼体的ＰＮＲ１０Ｏ约为４ｄ。     

远海梭子蟹幼体饵料初步研究

分别选用轮虫、轮虫＋卤虫、轮虫＋卤虫＋扁藻、卤虫、扁藻为饵料,将刚孵化的远海梭子蟹／蚤状幼体培育至幼蟹第二期。结果发现：轮虫＋卤虫＋扁藻的效果最好,幼蟹第二期的成活率为15％,轮虫＋菌虫的成海率为11％,卤虫的成活率为10％。而轮虫组仅能培育与蚤状幼体第三期,没有蚤状幼体第四期幼体出现;扁藻最差,仅能培育至蚤状幼体第一期,没有蚤状幼体第二期个体出现。同时发现,轮虫＋卤虫组与卤虫组培育时间均比轮虫卤虫＋扁藻组长;各期幼体的阶段成活率比较而言,蚤状幼体第一期最高,而蚤状幼体第五期最低。     

远海梭子蟹幼体饵料初步研究

分别选用轮虫、轮虫 卤虫、轮虫 卤虫 扁藻、卤虫、扁藻为饵料 ,将刚孵化的远海梭子蟹氵蚤状幼体培育至幼蟹第二期。结果发现 :轮虫 卤虫 扁藻的效果最好 ,幼蟹第二期的成活率为 15% ,轮虫 卤虫的成活率为 11% ,卤虫的成活率为 10 %。而轮虫组仅能培育至 氵蚤状幼体第三期 ,没有氵蚤状幼体第四期幼体出现 ;扁藻最差 ,仅能培育至氵蚤状幼体第一期 ,没有氵蚤状幼体第二期个体出现。同时发现 ,轮虫 卤虫组与卤虫组培育时间均比轮虫卤虫 扁藻组长 ;各期幼体的阶段成活率比较而言 ,氵蚤状幼体第一期最高 ,而氵蚤状幼体幼体第五期最低     

孔雀绿、福尔马林对罗氏沼虾（M．rosenbergii）各期蚤状幼体的急性毒性研究

用孔雀绿、福尔马林对罗氏沼虾各期蚤状幼体及仔虾进行急性毒性试验。结果表明，孔雀绿的２４ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为０．１４１～０．２５７×１０－６、仔虾为０．２７１×１０－６；４８ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体０．０７７～０．１５２×１０－６、仔虾为０．１７４×１０－６；安全浓度蚤状幼体为０．００７～０．０１６×１０－６、仔虾为０．０２１×１０－６．福尔马林的２４ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为２３，５～５１．９×１０－６、仔虾为４２．６×１０－６；４８ｈＬＣ５０是：蚤状幼体为１４．３～３３．６×１０－６、仔虾为２８．７×１０－６；安全浓度蚤状幼体为１．２～４．２×１０－６、仔虾为３．９×１０－６。     

广西养殖拟穴青蟹携带病原体状况的初步调查

采用微生物分离培养技术和巢式PCR技术相结合方法对2011年采自广西北海南万和古城、钦州茅岭和钦州港、防城港企沙和公车的拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)携带寄生虫、细菌和病毒状况开展调查.寄生虫检测结果显示,仅钦州茅岭拟穴青蟹鳃组织中发现寄生虫茗荷(儿).细菌性病原体检测结果显示,共有11种病原性细菌存在于健康养殖拟穴青蟹体内,弧菌属细菌性病原出现频率最高,其中副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌在调查区域内均有分布,其他菌种则呈现一定的地域特异性.病毒性病原体检测结果显示,白斑综合症病毒仅在钦州茅岭拟穴青蟹检出,阳性率为4.94%;双顺反子病毒于北海古城和钦州茅岭拟穴青蟹检出阳性携带率为3.70%;呼肠孤病毒携带率则较高,北海、防城港以及钦州拟穴青蟹均有检出,阳性率达25.93%.由此可见,10-11月广西区内健康养殖拟穴青蟹携带弧菌和呼肠孤病毒的比例远远高于其他病原体,为拟穴青蟹携带的主要病原体.     

两种消毒剂对罗氏沼虾幼体的急性毒性试验

以半静水式试验法试验了碘伏制剂和TCCA（三氯异氰脲酸）两种消毒剂对罗氏沼虾各期幼体及仔虾的急性毒性。结果表明,不同发育期的蚤状幼体对消毒剂的耐受力不同。两种消毒剂对蚤状幼体的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为：碘伏制剂304×10-6～472×10-6、209×10-6～325×10-6、29．8×10-6～48．3×10-6,TCCA0．80×10-6～1．03×10-6、0．58×10-6～0．74×10-6、0．087×10-6～0．116×10-6;两种消毒剂对仔虾的24hLC50、48hLC50和安全浓度分别为：碘伏制剂499×10-6、355×10-6、53.6×10-6、TCCA1.19×10-6、0.84×10-6、0．124×10-6。在蚤状幼体阶段,ZⅪ对消毒剂的敏感性最大。     

高产池塘白鲢鱼苗鱼种生长的研究

本文对高产养鱼池塘中白鲢鱼苗鱼种阶段的生长特性和规律进行了研究。经统计分析表明:1、白鲢鱼苗鱼种阶段的生长过程中,全长和时间的关系均呈直线相关(L=a bt)。鱼种全长以7-8两月生长最快。日增长率、瞬时增长率以鱼苗阶段居高,鱼种阶段次之。2、白鲢鱼苗阶段体重和时间呈指数相关(W=ae~(bt)),体重生长之速度(dw/dt)和加速度(d~2w/dt~2)与时间成正比。3、鱼种阶段体重与时间呈“S”形曲线相关(W=K/1 ae~(-bt)),体重的生长则以7～9月间最快。生长曲线拐点在t=-1n(1/a)/b;W=k/2。体重生长之速度和加速度分别呈“正态”和“正弦”曲线形。日增重率、瞬时增重率和相对增重率亦以鱼苗阶段较大,鱼种阶段次之。     

Three-stage tectonic subsidence and its implications for the evolution of conjugate margins of the southwest subbasin,South China Sea

To reveal the tectonic characteristics of the continental margins in the southwest subbasin(SWB) of the South China Sea,a long high-resolution seismic profile was studied using empty basin subsidence.We find that tectonic subsidence features on both margins are uniformly divided into three stages:(1) slow subsidence from Tg to 18.5 Ma(synrift stage);(2) extremely slow subsidence/uplift from18.5 to 16 Ma(spreading stage);and(3) accelerated subsidence from 16 to 0 Ma(post-spreading stage).This feature differs from the classic tectonic subsidence pattern of rifted basins,which exhibits fast subsidence during synrift stage and slow subsidence during the post-rift stage.The tectonic uplift occurred during the spreading stage and the magnitude increased from the continent to the ocean,which is likely related to mantle flow during seafloor spreading.We propose that lower crustal flow played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the continental margins of the SWB.The lower crust of the SWB margins was warmer and therefore weaker,and more prone to flow beneath the faulting center,which compensated for the upper crustal thinning caused by brittle faulting during the synrift period and thus reduced the tectonic subsidence rate.During the spreading stage,faulting attenuated rapidly,and a necking zone appeared at the continentocean transition formed by lithospheric extension.With upwelling asthenosphere,small-scale secondary mantle convection occurred under the necking zone,which raised the continental margin isotherms and increased the buoyancy.Simultaneously,secondary mantle convection lifted the overriding crust,thus the overall subsidence rate decreased sharply or even reversed to uplift.After seafloor spreading,the effect of mantle convection faded away,and sediment loading drove the lower crust to flow landward.Thermal relaxation,lower crust flow,and vanish of secondary mantle convection together led to rapid subsidence in this stage.     

黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)早期发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶

用垂直平板聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳技术对黑斑蛙早期胚胎发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶进行研究。结果表明,黑斑蛙胚胎各个不同发育时期LDH同工酶谱有很大差异：LDH1在整个胚胎发育过程中均处于活化状态,LDH2、LDH4在原肠中期开始出现,LDH3在尾芽期开始出现。从尾芽期到尾血循环期只出现LDH－1、－2、－3和-4四条酶带,但不同时期各种同工酶的表达活性不同。     

Tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous

On the basis of subsidence history analysis and balanced cross-section analysis, the vertical uplift/subsidence history and horizontal extension/compression history of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin are quantitatively studied. The results show that the tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous can be divided into a rifting phase (late Cretaceous to Paleogene) and a post-rifting phase (Neogene to Quaternary). The rifting phase can be further subdivided into an initial rifting stage (late Cretaceous), an intensive rifting stage (Paleocene), a rifting termination stage (Eocene), and an inversion-uplifting stage (Oligocene). Together, this division shows the characteristics of an episodic-evolved intracontinental rift-depression basin. The deformation of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous was mainly fault-related. The horizontal extension and tectonic subsidence were controlled by the activity of faults. The differential evolution of faults also caused variations in local uplift/subsidence movements and the regional heterogeneity in extension. The late Cretaceous initial rifting of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin is related to the Pacific-Eurasia convergence. From the Paleocene intensive rifting stage to present, the Pacific-Eurasia convergence and India-Eurasia convergence have played important roles in the evolution of this region.     

A Comparative study on the nonspecific immunity of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei ever inhabiting freshwater and seawater

A study on the nonspecific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei ever inhabiting freshwater and seawater was carried out at different molt stages by comparing their total hemocyte count(THC) and respiratory burst(RB) and activity of phenol oxidase(PO), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and lysozyme(LY). Two-way ANOVA showed that salinity and molt stage independently affected THC and RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei significantly(P 0.05). The THC and RB and the activity of NOS gradually increased from the post-molt stages(A and B) to the pre-molt stages(D0–D3), which were common in shrimps inhabiting freshwater and seawater. The activity of PO peaked at the inter-molt stage(C), and touched the lowest at the post-molt stage in freshwater and pre-molt stage in seawater. The activity of LY was stable over the molt cycle. The RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei were significantly lower in freshwater than in seawater; whereas THC was significantly higher in freshwater than in seawater(P 0.05). It was concluded that the post-molt stage(especially stage A) was critical to shrimp culture, which should be intensively attended when L. vannamei was cultured in freshwater.     

GEOTECTONICS CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR RELATION WITH GAS-OIL POOL FORMATION OF THE DONGSHA FAULT-UP LIFTED MASSIF

The Dongsha fault- uplifted massif (for convenience . Dongsha massif from here on) is located in the northern continental shelf-slope of the South China Sea, where the water depth is 100-400m. The massif is considered to be a part of the large-scale fault-uplifted zone directed NE and separating the Pearl River Mouth Basin into northern and southern graben areas. The sedimentary cover of the Pearl River Mouth Graben consists mainly of a 7000-10000m thick Tertiary system. A large-scale uplift occurred in the Dongsha fault-uplifted zone during Paleocene-Eocene when the lower structural layer (lower Tertiary) existed only in the small depressions of the fault-uplifted zone. The formation and evolution of the Dongsha fault-uplifted zone could be divided into: 1) the basement formation stage (J2-K1); 2) the slowly uplifted stage (K2-E22); 3) the weathering and erosion stage (E23-E31); 4) the integrated subsidence stage (E32-N12) and 5) the last uplifted stage (N13-Q). The formation of the oil and gas pools o     

施氏獭蛤幼虫和稚贝发育及行为的研究

进行了施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii Reeve)的人工育苗、幼虫发育及行为观察实验。结果显示:在施氏獭蛤幼虫发育过程中,壳顶后期幼虫只有鳃丝及足出现,而没有眼点出现,发达的足和鳃丝是幼虫变态的标志;幼虫变态期明显的分为3～5d的爬行期和3～5d的附着期;爬行期幼虫有单条水管形成,附着期幼虫只有一条分叉的足丝,水管为单管型;底栖稚贝期开始形成两条水管,底栖稚贝早期的幼虫不具备潜沙能力,只进行爬行活动,随着水管的快速发育,幼虫逐渐具备潜沙能力,幼虫壳长达2500μm、水管长达6000μm以上时,最终具备和成体一样的完全潜沙能力。     

Responses of primary productivity to current and climate changes in the mud area to the southwest of Cheju Island during the past 800 years

The biogenic silica (BSi), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and grain size were analyzed with a gravity core (3250-6) collected from the mud area in the north East China Sea. The average deposition rate of the upper core was about 0.078 cm yr^?1 based on the results of ²¹⁰Pb_ex. The mean grain size increased with depth in general. The frequency distribution of grain size showed that two marked changes of deposition environment occurred at 30 cm and 50 cm depths (about 1550 AD and 1300 AD, respectively). The variations of BSi and TOC indicated two distinct major periods of primary productivity over the past 800 years: a stage of low primary productivity corresponding to weak upwelling and low nutrient input below 30 cm depth (about 1200–1550 AD), and a stage of high primary productivity with strong currents and upwelling above 30 cm depth (about 1550–1950 AD). The stage with high primary productive appeared to be due to the northward-expanded muddy area caused by strong Asian Winter Monsoon and enhanced Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter. In conclusion, the BSi and TOC in the muddy sediments, the symbols of marine primary productivity, can be then used to investigate the evolution history of currents and relative climate change in the offshore areas.     

从静止与流动中认识舞蹈构图与调度的艺术作用

在群舞创作中,舞蹈构图就是舞蹈演员与整个舞台空间的静止画面,"静止"是舞蹈构图的表现形式,"流动"是舞蹈调度的表现形式,作为舞蹈构图与构图的必要连接,在营造舞蹈情境和增强形式美上起到了补充作用。舞蹈调度是变换舞蹈构图的一种过程,舞蹈构图是调度过程的某一个停顿和结果。二者相辅相成,不断进行连接和变化,为表现舞蹈作品的主题,交代环境情节和塑造舞蹈形象而发挥其特有的作用。