鄱阳湖沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征

利用分级提取法对鄱阳湖沉积物进行了磷形态的分级提取和测定,系统研究了沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征.结果表明,鄱阳湖表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态主要包括铁磷(Fe-P)、钙磷(Ca-P)、铝磷(Al-P)、可溶性磷(DP)等无机磷(IP)及有机磷(OP),各形态磷的空间分布基本具有从河口地区监测点向湖区监测点方向升高的趋势,垂向分布上总磷及各形态磷含量随深度增加而降低.表层沉积物(0-2cm)中总磷含量为578.36-813.55mg/kg,主要由无机磷组成,无机磷中以Fe-P含量最高,最大值达350.24mg/kg,占总磷的40%以上,Ca-P、Al-P含量相当,约占总磷含量的20%左右,而以DP的含量最低,含量在5%以下.有机磷含量约占总磷含量的15%左右.另外,沉积物中TP含量与Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P及OP均具有较好的相关性,且OP含量与Fe-P、Al-P也具有较好的正相关关系,而与Ca-P的相关性较弱.     

Influence of the hyporheic zone on the phosphorus dynamics of a large gravel‐bed river,Garonne River,France

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments and in surface and interstitial water from three gravel bars in a large river (Garonne River, southern France) were measured daily, downstream of a wastewater treatment plant for a city of 740 000 inhabitants (Toulouse). Measurements were made of vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) in water and of three extractable forms of phosphorus (water extractable, NaOH extractable and H₂SO₄ extractable) in hyporheic sediments from the gravel bars. Dissolved phosphorus was the major contributor to TP (74–79%) in both interstitial and surface waters on all sampling dates, and in most cases surface water P concentrations were significantly higher than interstitial concentrations. Hyporheic sediment TP concentrations ranged between 269 and 465 µg g^?1 and were highest in fine sediment fractions. Acid‐extractable P, a non‐bioavailable form, represented at least 95% of sediment TP. A positive relationship was observed between VHG and TP in two of the gravel bars, with wells that were strongly downwelling having lower TP concentrations. These results suggest that in downwelling zones, hyporheic sediments can trap surface‐derived dissolved P, and that much of this P becomes stored in refractory particulate forms. Bioavailable P is mainly present in dissolved form and only occupies a small fraction of total P, with particulate P comprising the majority of total P. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phosphorus Buildup and Release Risk Associated with Agricultural Intensification in the Estuarine Sediments of Chaohu Lake Valley,Eastern China

Phosphorus (P) accumulation and the risk of P release were studied in the estuarine sediments of the Chaohu Lake Valley in Eastern China. Rapid agricultural intensification has occurred in this area since the 1980s, resulting in the extensive use of phosphate fertilizers. This extensive use of phosphate has affected P processes throughout the valley and resulted in the total phosphorus (TP) contents in the substrates and surface sediments increasing from 374 to 537 mg/kg, on average. Of all the forms of P evaluated in this study, residual P (Res‐P) was present at the highest levels and accounted for 19.8–74.0% of the TP. Conversely, the lowest contents were observed for KCl‐extracted P (KCl‐P), which accounted for only 0.602% of the TP. Additionally, aluminum/iron‐bound P (NaOH‐Pi), which accounted for 16.0–53.1% of the TP, was an important factor that caused the TP to increase due to long‐term P fertilization. However, calcium‐bound P (Ca‐P) was maintained at a relatively stable level. Furthermore, the degree of P saturation (DPS) and the P‐induced lake eutrophication risk index (ERI) were investigated to determine the risk of release of P from the sediments. The average DPS and ERI values were found to range from 3.92–21.4% and from 12.6–33.6%, respectively. These results suggest that almost half of the estuarine sediments posed a potential risk of eutrophication. Moreover, these findings indicate that estuarine sediments that have been enriched with P are likely the sources of P that lead to the formation of algal blooms in Chaohu Lake.     

Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability in El Mex Bay and Lake Mariut sediments

Phosphorus (P) fractions and their bioavailability in the sediments from El Mex Bay and Lake Mariut in Egypt were investigated using different chemical extraction methods. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) extractable P (Olsen-P) was the largest fraction (14.42%), followed by algal available P (AAP) (3.56%), water soluble P (WSP) (0.79%), and readily desorbable P (RDP) (0.06%) for El Mex Bay. While AAP con-tributed 9.94% to total P in sediments from Lake Mariut, Olsen-P 8.53%, WSP 4.11%, and RDP 0.92%. Summation of the bioavailable P fractions didn't exceed the sediment quality guidelines, and, therefore, P doesn't represent a danger to marine organisms. Correlation coefficients showed that no apparent relations between total P (TP) and iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca) in the sediments. Fur-thermore, Fe:P ratio was less than 15 indicting that there was not enough Fe in surface sediments to bind to P at most of the sampling sites. The positive correlation between TP and organic matter (OM) for Lake Mariut and El Mex Bay sediments indicated that the organic matter content of the sediment was a useful predictor of the total phosphorus content. Data from this study constitute a baseline of phosphorus bioavailability in sediments from El Mex Bay and Lake Mariut and could be used as a reference for future studies on the changes of bioavailable and residual phosphorus fractions over time.     

贵州红枫湖沉积物生物可利用磷分布特征及其与粒径的关系

应用化学提取法分析了红枫湖主要出入湖河口及湖心沉积物生物可利用磷(BAP)的含量,并探讨了BAP空间分布与总磷(TP)和粒度组成之间的关系.研究结果表明,各形态BAP含量顺序为:藻类可利用磷(AAP)NaHCO3可提取磷(Olsen-P)水溶性磷(WSP)易解吸磷(RDP).沉积物柱芯中BAP迅速降低,剖面变化比TP更为明显.各形态BAP与TP显著相关,除RDP与AAP外,其它形态BAP之间也显著相关.Olsen-P是评价红枫湖沉积物磷的生物有效性的最佳指标.红枫湖沉积物颗粒组成以粘土及粉砂为主,湖心沉积物比河口粒度小.表层(0-5cm)沉积物中Olsen-P和AAP的含量与细组分(粘土)的比例呈正相关,而RDP、WSP与细组分呈负相关性,表明沉积物细组分对深水湖泊富营养化的重要性.     

鄱阳湖流域赣江(南昌段)沉积物磷赋存形态特征及释放风险分析

本研究采用化学连续提取法,分析赣江南昌段表层沉积物磷赋存形态特征及其生物有效性,并通过等温吸附实验探讨了沉积物磷释放风险。结果显示:赣江南昌段表层沉积物总磷(TP)含量范围为235.21~702.24 mg/kg,均值为522.93 mg/kg,具有较高的空间异质性。所有采样点位中无机磷(IP)均以闭蓄态磷(Oc-P)为主要赋存形态,各形态无机磷含量特征表现为:Oc-P>铁结合态磷(Fe-P)> 碎屑钙磷(De-P)> 自生钙磷(ACa-P)> 可交换态磷(Ex-P)> 铝结合态磷(Al-P);有机磷(OP)以残渣态有机磷(Res-P_o)为主要赋存形态,按活性划分表现为:非活性有机磷(NOP)> 中活性有机磷(MLOP)> 活性有机磷(LOP)。生物有效磷(BAP)含量范围为61.59~218.27 mg/kg,占TP含量的比例为27.07%。BAP总量及占TP的比例均处于较低水平,沉积物内源磷释放风险较低。BAP中Fe-P平均占比为56.72%,表明沉积物磷潜在释放风险主要来源于Fe-P。TP、Fe-P和De-P之间均存在显著相关关系,表明外源输入可能是赣江沉积物磷的主要来源。采样期间赣江南昌段沉积物磷平衡浓度(EPC₀)高于上覆水溶解性活性磷(SRP)浓度,磷吸附饱和度(DPS)均低于沉积物磷大量流失的临界值25%,表明此阶段沉积物磷虽作为上覆水的“磷源”,但出现大量释磷的可能性不高。因此,沉积物内源磷释放引起赣江水体富营养化的风险不高,这意味着赣江水体应更多关注外源输入问题。本研究结果为赣江南昌段水环境的科学管理提供了数据支撑和科学依据。     

岩溶峡谷型水库沉积物磷形态分布及污染评价——以万峰水库为例

开展岩溶峡谷型水库沉积物磷形态分布、影响因素及污染风险研究,对区域水环境治理和水生态系统管理具有重要意义。研究选取典型岩溶峡谷型水库——万峰水库为研究对象,在分析沉积物磷形态分布特征基础上,识别沉积物磷形态空间分异影响因素并进行磷污染评价。结果表明,(1)沉积物总磷(TP)含量为79.37~438.04 mg/kg,无机磷(IP)占比为73.26%~78.84%,IP是沉积物磷的主要赋存形态。铁铝结合态无机磷(Fe/Al-Pi)含量为16.86 ~91.82 mg/kg,是IP的主要赋存形态;弱吸附态有机磷(H₂O-Po)含量为0.27~8.03 mg/kg,是有机磷(OP)的主要赋存形态。(2)残渣态磷(Res-P)、弱吸附态无机磷(H₂O-Pi)、钙结合态无机磷(Ca-Pi)、潜在活性无机磷(NaHCO₃-Pi)、Fe/Al-Pi是TP空间分异的主要影响因素。沉积物的厚度对于TP具有多重作用,与其他因素的共同作用影响显著。(3)生物有效性磷(BAP)含量为66.97~201.46 mg/kg,占TP的55.6%~59.6%;磷污染指数均值为0.53,生物有效性指数均值为0.81。表明沉积物磷污染程度整体为轻度污染,但仍存在潜在的内源磷污染上覆水体风险。建议岩溶峡谷型水库在控制外源磷输入的同时,也应加强对内源磷的管理,以降低内源磷释放污染上覆水体的风险。     

天津于桥水库沉积物磷赋存特征及其环境意义

研究天津于桥水库沉积物中磷形态的空间分布特征和垂直分布特征对了解水源型水库富营养化现状及其过程具有重要的现实意义.利用抓斗式采泥器及柱状采泥器分别采集表层沉积物样品及柱状沉积物样品,采用Psenner提出的连续提取法对沉积物磷形态进行分级测定,揭示整个水库沉积物各形态磷的空间分布特征以及不同区域垂直方向上的分布规律.结果表明:于桥水库表层沉积物总磷(TP)含量为303.7~997.8 mg/kg,各形态磷含量大小顺序依次为:钙结合态磷(Ca-P)铁结合态磷(Fe-P)残渣态磷(Res-P)铝结合态磷(Al-P)有机态磷(Org-P)可交换态磷(Ex-P).表层沉积物中Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P与TP含量由东至西逐渐递减,主要受到黎河河水夹带的外源性磷输入的影响;Res-P含量由东至西逐渐递增,与活性磷的分布规律相反,表明水库下游比上游的水质更好.垂直分布上,南部区域底层与表层沉积物相差不大,说明从1960s以来磷的沉积量就比较大;西部区域沉积物中Fe-P和Org-P含量较高,随深度的增加有明显降低的趋势;中心区域的各形态磷和TP含量均较低,且随着深度增加逐渐降低,现阶段沉积物中的磷以滞留为主,释放潜力较小.     

Seasonal and spatial distribution of matrix-bound phosphine and its relationship with the environment in the Changjiang River Estuary, China

Sediment is commonly considered as a source of phosphine, which is a highly toxic and reactive atmospheric trace gas. This study aims to investigate the seasonal and spatial distribution of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) and its relationship with the environment in the Changjiang River Estuary. A total of 43 surface sediments were collected in four seasons of 2006, and concentrations of MBP and relative environmental factors were analyzed. MBP ranged from 1.93 to 94.86ngkg(-1) dry weight (dw) with an average concentration of 17.14ngkg(-1)dw. The concentrations of MBP in the upper estuary were higher than those in the lower estuary, which could be attributed to greater pollutant inputs in the upper estuary. The concentrations of MBP also varied with season, with November>August>May>February. Significant correlations existed between MBP and total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), the grain size, and redox potential (Eh), suggesting that these sedimentary environmental characteristics played an important role in controlling the MBP levels in the sediments. Notably, there were positive linear relationships between the concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), TP, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in bottom water and MBP in sediments. These relationships might be very complicated and need further exploration. This work is the first comprehensive study of the seasonal and spatial distribution of MBP in sediments and its relationships with environmental factors in a typical estuary, and will lead to deeper understanding of the phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle.     

疏浚对巢湖重污染入湖河流沉积物中污染物赋存及释放的影响

以巢湖重污染入湖河流双桥河为研究对象,研究了底泥疏浚对水质以及沉积物中总氮、总磷和有机质的短期影响及长期效应.结果表明,双桥河水质的季节变化显著,受上游城市污水及周边面源污染的影响,疏浚对水质改善作用不明显.表层沉积物中总氮、总磷及有机质含量在疏浚结束后1个月有所降低,但是2年后分别回复到疏浚前的189.77%、111.62%和152.87%.疏浚结束2年后,沉积物中磷主要以钙磷和有机磷的形式存在,铝磷和铁磷的含量较少,弱结合态磷的含量最低;但是表层沉积物中的弱结合态磷、铝磷和铁磷结合态磷含量较疏浚前分别升高了728.32%、13.52%和37.73%,并呈现出表层富集现象,存在较高的污染物释放风险.这可能是由沉积环境改变、外源污染未得到有效控制引起的.因此,为了维持疏浚的长期效果,应该对外源污染源进行有效控制.     

Phosphorus forms and bioavailability of lake sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

Forms of phosphorus in sediments from 25 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Contents and spatial distrubution of algal available phosphorus (AAP) in sediments of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake of China, were also studied. Relationships between phosphorus forms in sediment and macrophytes coverage in sample sites, as well as phosphorus forms in sediments and chlorophyal contents in lake water were discussed. Exchangeable form of phosphorus (Ex-P) in surface sediments was significantly positive correlative to total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) contents in the lake water. Bioavailable phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in sediments from macrophytes dominant sites were significantly lower than that in no macrophyte sites. In Lake Taihu, Ex-P content in top 3 cm sediment was highest. However, content of ferric fraction phosphorus (Fe-P) was highest in 4–10 cm. Bioavalilble phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in surface sediments positively correlated to Chlorophyll a contents in water of Lake Taihu with significant difference. Therefore, contents of Bio-P and AAP could be acted as the indicators of risks of internal release of phosphorus in the shallow lakes. It was estimated that there were 268.6 ton AAP in top 1 cm sediments in Lake Taihu. Sediment suspension caused by strong wind-induced wave disturbance could carry plenty of AAP into water in large shallow lakes like Lake Taihu.     

坦噶尼喀湖东北部入湖河流表层沉积物中磷的形态和分布特征

磷是坦噶尼喀湖生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,直接决定湖体初级生产力的高低,进而影响到周边居民对于动物蛋白的获取来源.为了解坦噶尼喀湖磷的外源输入,选择湖泊东北部的入湖河流,对表层沉积物(16个样点)中总磷(TP)和各形态磷含量及其分布特征进行分析,并探讨磷的形态分布特征与土地利用方式之间的相关关系.结果表明,入湖河流沉积物TP含量为73.05~239.94 mg/kg,平均含量为152.64±55.37 mg/kg,其中最高值出现在马拉加拉西河口.采用Psenner法对磷进行连续浸提并比较不同形态磷含量,由高及低依次为铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)钙结合态磷(CaP)有机磷(Org-P)残渣态磷(Res-P)弱吸附态磷(Labile-P).土地利用类型对TP及各形态磷含量影响较大,其中TP含量表现为河口湿地城镇附近林草地区,表明地表径流和人类活动会对TP含量产生影响,而对于不同形态磷含量,Laible-P、Fe/Al-P、Org-P含量均表现为河口湿地林草地城镇附近,Ca-P、Res-P含量均表现为城镇附近河口湿地林草地.分析沉积物理化性质与各磷形态之间的相关性,发现沉积物总氮(TN)、有机质和总有机碳与Fe/Al-P、LabileP和TP相关性较好,与Org-P、Ca-P和Res-P相关性较差,表明TN和有机质的输入,会伴随沉积物中磷含量的升高,其增量的赋存形态主要为氧化还原敏感态磷和Labile-P.沉积物粒径组成与各磷形态含量存在相关性,细粒径沉积物与各形态磷含量呈显著正相关,粗粒径沉积物与各形态磷呈显著负相关,表明细小颗粒更易吸附磷.     

太湖入、出湖湖区磷的特征及其影响因素分析

为进一步了解人类活动及环境因子对太湖磷污染的贡献,揭示磷在太湖不同介质中的迁移转化规律,本文以太湖主要入湖湖区竺山湖、西部沿岸区、南部沿岸区和主要出湖湖区东太湖为对象,调查了表层水、上覆水、间隙水和沉积物中总磷(TP)分布的概况,分析了不同介质中磷的交换特征及其影响因素.结果表明,表层水和上覆水TP浓度基本相当,平均值均为0.10 mg/L,上覆水和间隙水TP差异较大,间隙水平均浓度约为上覆水的7倍,表层沉积物TP含量为474～2160 mg/kg.在本研究水域中,TP具有较强的沉积物吸附特性,沉积物作为“汇”的特征明显强于其“源”的特征,且磷的留存能力高度依赖于铁浓度.空间分布上,入湖湖区磷污染程度明显高于出湖湖区,竺山湖和西部沿岸区存在较大的底泥污染释放风险,但竺山湖外源污染影响较内源污染更加突出,应列为当前太湖磷治理重点关注的区域,建议以控源截污作为竺山湖周边区域的治理重点.西部沿岸区需注重外源和内源污染同步控制.南部沿岸区周边区域需妥善处理好未来经济发展与废水排放负荷的关系.     

太湖沉积物理化性质及营养盐的时空变化

在不同季节,采集太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾沉积物柱状样,研究沉积物Eh、pH、总氮、总磷以及有机质四季垂向剖面分布变化特征.研究结果表明,在表层下(0-3 cm),Eh随沉积物深度的增加迅速下降,很快进入还原状态.沉积物剖面上pH变化幅度不大,在6.4-7.8之间,冬季沉积物pH均有所降低.太湖沉积物中含有丰富的营养盐,总氮和总磷最高浓度分别为2.68和0.864 mg/g,其剖面分布特征表明,沉积物表层总氮和总磷含量远高于底层,其含量随深度增加而降低,但四季变化趋势不明显.沉积物中有机质含量在10 cm以上变化幅度较大,随着沉积物深度的增加,有机质含量明显减少,季节变化幅度不大.比较不同采样点发现,位于梅梁湾生态系统试验区内的S1位点沉积物氮磷内源负荷最大.     

白洋淀湿地不同植物群落区表层沉积物碳氮磷化学计量特征

白洋淀是雄安新区的核心生态功能区.为探究白洋淀不同植物群落区表层沉积物碳(C)氮(N)磷(P)化学计量特征,采集了96组表层沉积物样品开展对比分析.研究表明:白洋淀湿地表层沉积物总有机碳(TOC)含量均值为39.64 g/kg,范围为14.4～ 136.82 g/kg,总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)均值分别为2.62和0....     

南四湖消落带底泥磷形态分布特征、影响因素及释放风险

南四湖是南水北调东线最大的调蓄湖泊,周期性水位涨落会形成大面积消落带,认知消落带底泥磷形态赋存特征、影响因素及释放潜能,对于保障东线调水水质具有重要的科学意义.本研究分析了南四湖消落带底泥磷形态分布特征,探讨了各形态磷与土地利用、母质类型及底泥理化因素之间的关系,评价了南四湖消落带底泥磷的污染程度并分析了其释放风险.结果发现,消落带底泥中总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)、NaOH提取态磷(NaOH-P)、HCl提取态磷(HCl-P)和有机磷(OP)含量的平均值分别为745.37、510.51、50.42、460.09和234.86 mg/kg,以HCl-P为主的IP占比较高.南四湖消落带底泥各形态磷含量具有较高的空间异质性,TP、IP、OP、HCl-P和NaOH-P含量的变异系数分别为30.7%、36.9%、29.6%、37.6%和51.2%.自然湿地、乔木林地和水浇地等土地利用方式下的底泥NaOH-P、HCl-P、IP、OP和TP含量差异不显著.土壤类型对消落带底泥OP含量影响明显,但对TP、IP、NaOH-P和HCl-P含量则影响不大.NaOH-P含量与HCl-P含量具有显著正相关,与...     

Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume

Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later.     

Phosphorus forms and bioavailability of lake sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

Forms of phosphorus in sediments from 25 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Contents and spatial distrubution of algal available phosphorus (AAP) in sediments of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake of China, were also studied. Relationships between phosphorus forms in sediment and macrophytes coverage in sample sites, as well as phosphorus forms in sediments and chlorophyal contents in lake water were discussed. Exchangeable form of phosphorus (Ex-P) in surface sediments was significantly positive correlative to total phosphorus (IP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) contents in the lake water. Bioavailable phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in sediments from macrophytes dominant sites were significantly lower than that in no macrophyte sites. In Lake Taihu, Ex-P content in top 3 cm sediment was highest. However, content of ferric fraction phosphorus (Fe-P) was highest in 4 - 10 cm. Bioavalilble phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in surface sediments positively correlated to Chlorophyll a contents in water of Lake Taihu with significant difference. Therefore, contents of Bio-P and AAP could be acted as the indicators of risks of internal release of phosphorus in the shallow lakes. It was estimated that there were 268.6 ton AAP in top 1 cm sediments in Lake Taihu. Sediment suspension caused by strong wind-induced wave disturbance could carry plenty of AAP into water in large shallow lakes like Lake Taihu.     

Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume

Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later.     

亚热带地区典型水库流域氮、磷湿沉降及入湖贡献率估算

为了探究汤浦水库流域氮、磷湿沉降对水库水体营养的贡献率,本研究对2014 2015年的汤浦水库流域4个采样点的雨水及3条溪流进行样品收集,测定其中磷和不同形态氮的质量浓度,分析汤浦水库流域大气湿沉降中氮、磷营养盐的分布特征,并估算氮、磷营养盐湿沉降对汤浦水库入库负荷的贡献率.结果表明:湿沉降中总氮(TN)平均浓度为1.02±0.58 mg/L,氨氮、硝态氮和有机氮浓度占TN浓度的比例分别为60.65%、34.07%和5.28%;总磷(TP)平均浓度为0.033±0.028 mg/L.4个采样点湿沉降中氮、磷浓度均表现为冬春季(少雨季)高、夏秋季(多雨季)低.空间上,王化点位的各形态氮和总磷浓度显著高于其他3个采样点.TN和TP年均湿沉降通量约为18.15和0.62 kg/(hm~2·a),年均沉降总量为834.94和28.39 t;库区TN和TP水面湿沉降量为24.14和0.82 t,直接贡献率占河流输入的1.77%和3.07%.湿沉降来源的氮、磷营养盐随河流输入的间接贡献率为8.3%和4.6%.综上所述,氮、磷湿沉降是水库外源营养的重要输入部分,深入掌握其时空分布特征及入库贡献率是进一步加强流域管理和减轻水库外源营养输入的重要前提.