COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR WATER RESOURCES EXPLOITATION AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CHANGLI COUNTY-A CASE STUDY FOR SMALL TOWNS OF CHINA

I.EnvironmeotaICharacterishcsofChangliCountyChangliCoLmtyislocatedinthenortheastermendoftheNorthChinaPlain,nexttoBohaiSeaontheeastandthesouthemendofYanshanMountainsontl1enortl1.Luani1emverWhichrunsthroughthecouotyforn1sthewestemandsouthemboundaryoftitiscoastalcounty.ThenorthempartofthecoUnyishillywithaverageheigltrrangingfrom5oto5Oom,andmostportionintheeastemandsouflempartislocatedonthealluvialplainofLuani1eandYirunarivers,inclilungfromnorthwesttosoutieastwiil1heighrangingfrom2to3m.Tl1…     

HUMAN AND NATURE,THE CORRESPONDING MANAGEMENT IN NATURAL RESERVE——A CASE STUDY OF XISHUANGBANNA NABAN RIVER NATURAL RESERVE

１　ＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄＸｉｓｈｕａｎｇｂａｎｎａＤａｉＰｅｏｐｌｅＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＰｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｌａｎｄａｒｅａｉｓ１９２２３ｋｍ２ｗｉｔｈｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆ８１７７７２ｏｆｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅＤａｉ,Ｈａｎｉ,Ｂｕｌａｎ,Ｌａｈｕ,Ｊｉｎｕｏ,Ｙａｏ,Ｗａ,ａｎｄＨａｎｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎ．Ｔｈｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅｉｓ６３％．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｂｏｕｔ４００００…     

ON ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU, CHINA

Ｗｉｔｈａｎａｒｅａｏｆ1.2ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｋｍ2,ａｎｄａｎａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆ4000ｍ,ｔｈｅＴｉｂｅｔａｎＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＲｅｇｉｏｎｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＱｉｎｇｈａｉＴｉｂｅｔａｎＰｌａｔｅａｕ,ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅａｌｍｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ.Ｉｔｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｈｉｇｈｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓａｎｄｈｉｇｈｌａｎｄｓｗｉｔｈｍａｎｙｗｉｄｅｖａｌｌｅｙｓａｎｄｂａｓｉｎｓｓａｎｄｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇｉｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ.ＴｈｅＨ…     

THE APPLICATION OF GIS IN URBAN PLANNING:ENVIRONMENTAL ZONING STUDY IN THE OLD CITY OF WENZHOU,CHINA

I.Intr0ducti0nl.Backgr0undWenzhouisoneofthemostraPidlydevelopingcitiesinsouthernpart0fChina.Theoldcity0fWenzhou,whichhasahistoryofl600years,islocatedinthenorthernpart0fthecityalongOujiangRjver.Itc0versanareaofabout892hectares,including1lneighbourhoodswitl1atotalPOpulation0f340,959(l988).ItisoneofthehighlypoPlatedareasinChinawithaPOpulationdensity0f38,220peOPlePersquarekilometre.TheoldcityofWenzhouistl1ecommercialcentreofthenewWenzhoucity.Allldndsofactivitiesarelocatedonthelimitedlandwi…     

WATERSHED HETEROGENEITY AND THE RESPONSE TO 2 × CO2 CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY FROM THE UPPER DESCHUTES BASIN,OREGON

A fully allocated surface water supply in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon, intensifies concern for the watershed's response to climate change. Such concern provides the impetus for this case study of the basin under a potential doubling of atmospheric trace gas concentrations (2 × CO₂). Modeling the watershed as four sectors incorporates climate and landscape heterogeneity and defines a control climate that closely simulates adjusted gaged runoff. Monthly temperature and precipitation from a limited area model nested in a global circulation model define changes for modeling the watershed 2 × CO₂ climate. Precipitation increases are greatest in the Wickiup sector and least in the Little Deschutes sector for a 2 × CO₂ climate, but snow-water equivalent decreases substantially in all sectors. Summer water deficits are extended and magnified in all sectors and increase by 175% in the Wickiup sector. Water surplus increases range from 34% for Wickiup to 5% for Benham Falls. Average monthly runoff for the Upper Deschutes Basin increases by 7 mm or 24% in the 2 × CO₂ climate, but the greatest monthly runoff differences are for the Crescent Lake sector, where February and March runoff increase by 68% and May runoff decreases by 10%. The earlier occurrence of maximum and minimum 2 × CO₂ climate runoff of one to five months significantly alters the Upper Deschutes Basin runoff regime. [Key words: mesoscale hydroclimate model, climate change, Deschutes River Basin.]     

THE CASE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CO_2 IN CAVE ATMOSPHERE ON STABILITY OF SPELEOTHEM SCENERY IN YAOLIN CAVE, ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

ＴｈｅｖｉｓｉｔｏｒｓｇｉｖｅｔｈｅｃａｖｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆＣＯ2.ＡｖｅｒａｇｅＣＯ2ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｖｉｓｉｔｏｒｓｉｓ13,00015,000ｐｐｍｉｎｔｈｅｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇａｎｄｏｎｅｖｉｓｉｔｏｒｂｒｅｅｄｓ40ｌｉｔｒｅｏｆＣＯ2ｐｅｒｈｏｕｒ.ＴｈｅｖｉｓｉｔｏｒｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｉｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｈｅＣＯ2ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｃａｖｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ.Ｉｎｓｐｒｉｎｇ,ＣＯ2ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｗａｓ500-600ｐｐｍｉｎＮｏ.1ａｎｄＮｏ.2ｃｈａｍｂｅｒｓａｔ8:008:…     

CHEMICAL INFORMATION FROM ELECTROANALYTICAL DATA.PART 1—DETERMINATION OF SYSTEM PARAMETERS FOR QUASI-REVERSIBLE ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS FROM CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRIC TEST DATA AND DATA FOR THE REDUCTION OF CERIUM(Ⅳ)BIS(OCTAETHYLPORPHYRINATE)

Values of the peak potential,the peak current function and the peak potential difference are extractedfrom simulated cyclic voltammograms of a quasi-reversible electron transfer reaction.Variations of thefeature values are described by empirical functions of the model parameters α(transfer coefficient)andψ'(dimensionless form of the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant k_s)using multiple linearregression.These functions are used to determine the system parameters α and k_s from test data sets offeature values.The predictive power of the features is discussed.It is shown that several features can beused simultaneously in the analysis.Also,α,k_s,the formal potential E~0 and the diffusion coefficient Dcan be estimated simultaneously.Experimental data from the metal-centered one-electron reduction ofcerium(Ⅳ)bis(octaethylporphyrinate),Ce(OEP)_2,are analyzed using the technique,and values of thesystem parameters for this electrochemical reaction are determined.     

USE OF THE KALMAN FILTER FOR MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION IN A REAL SYSTEM AND ITS COMPARISON WITH CLS AND PURE COMPONENT CALIBRATION METHODS

The usefulness of the Kalman filter as an algorithm for calibration in a real system is shown. Results arecompared with classical least squares and pure component calibration. The prediction of four prioritypollutant chlorophenols in binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures was also carried out by Kalmanfiltering. The condition number, standard deviation and prediction error have been employed to choosethe most suitable wavelength range. Comparison of the standard error of prediction in the validation setshows significant differences between the evaluated chlorophenols, the best results being obtained withKalman multivariate calibration.     

EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN REMOVAL IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND：A SIMULATION STUDY IN THE WEST JINLIN, CHINA

Plenty of inorganic nitrogen in wastewater can cause the eutrophication in water bodies, so it is an important task to remove nitrogen. Purification role was realized by absorption, filtration, depositon, evaporation, nitrification and denitrification of microbes. Although the studies of Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland are popular, the purification performances of constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate are less reported. In the paper, the purification efficiency of nitrogen with Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate was discussed through a simulation study. Results to date indicated that the first order plug flow model was adequate to describe the nitrogen removal. The experiment showed that the diminishing concentration of TN, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N were closely related to hydrological retention time (HRT), the correlation coefficient was R^2 = 0.98499, R^2 = 0.9911, R^2 = 0.89407 and R^2 = 0.95459, respectively. According to the data, the most suitable hydrological retention time (HRT) for this kind of constructed wetland should be determined to 4 days. In addition, the experiment showed the purification efficiency of nitrogen has very broad range and drastic vibration, TN( 17 % - 79 % ), NO2-N (33%-98% ), NO3-N (13%-93% ), NH4-N (28%-64% ). The study will promote wetland‘s design and operation procedures in large saline-alkallne soil areas.     

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LOCAL STATE IN SOUTH AFRICA (1979-1991): GROUP AREAS,PROPERTY “SUPER-TAXATION,” AND CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS

This paper analyzes the development of the property “super-taxation” problem experienced by Indians and coloreds in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in the post-1979/1980 period. Within theoretical perspectives on the local state, the resistance of the Pietermaritzburg Combined Ratepayers and Residents' Association (PCRRA) to the high property taxes resulting from the implementation of the Group Areas Act at the local level, is discussed. The paper explains how the PCRRA, a civic organization, used the property taxation issue to extend its demands to include the repeal of the Group Areas Act, the creation of a single non-racial City Council and the elimination of the racially based, advisory Local Affairs Committees (LACs). It also examines the conflict in terms of local-central state relations and the formation of alliances amongst the popular classes in Pietermaritzburg. The paper highlights the capacity of ordinary citizens (human agency) to effect the political transformation of apartheid state structures.     

珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的设计与应用

在分析地理信息系统技术发展与应用现状的基础上,设计了珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的结构框架。根据珠江三角洲的实际情况,并在经济地理学,城市地理学,区域科学等理论的指导下,开发了针对该区域一体化研究的模型分析系统。基于元数据库的数据集成与模型管理技术,能对不同数据源,不同数据类型与时空特性的多元数据处理与分析。本综合信息系统在区域产业布局,资源窨组合,城市体系空间结构演化等方面得到应用,将为     

广东省小城市规划管理信息系统的研究

本文针对广东省小城市的发展和规划管理的状况，探讨了小城市规划管理信息系统尖具备的系统功能，系统结构的建设思想，并以新会市为例，介绍了城市规划管理系统的主要特点。     

旅游小城镇利益主体适应性问题分析——以宏村镇、汤口镇为例

随着新型城镇化的不断推进和旅游业的不断发展,利益主体适应旅游发展的问题与矛盾影响着社会和谐度。通过问卷调查,运用探索性分析和方差分析对农民、个体经营户、旅游从业人员和政府机关人员适应旅游发展中的问题与矛盾进行探讨。研究发现:适应性问题主要分为3个方面即“经济获益和区域发展”、“经济成本提高和社会环境恶化”和“旅游参与意愿”,相较于其他方面而言,“经济成本提高和社会环境恶化”存在的问题更突出;利益主体在适应旅游发展过程中的利益指向及其追求程度、面临问题存在差异性,同时利益主体之间的矛盾冲突亦有主次之分。     

珠江三角洲地区城镇管理信息系统框架

针对珠江三角洲大部分地区目前城镇管理所采用的常规手工操作方式,其手段落后、信息加工处理速度慢且精度低、缺乏更深层次的空间分析、各城镇的相对独立和非标准性的管理模式、信息资源无法共享、难以及时更新大量的空间和非空间数据等问题进行了深入的调查研究。提出了用生态城市管理模式的全新概念和用现代地理计算机科学手段研究珠江三角洲地区小城镇管理信息这将对２１世纪现代化的城镇管理具有现实意义。     

建立南极站区环境管理信息系统的初步研究

南极环境对人类生存具有举足轻重的作用。南极环境管理是保护南极环境和保证持续利用南极资源的必要手段 ,信息技术在南极环境管理中的应用必将极大地推动南极环境管理的进步。本文为提高我国南极环境管理的科学性和效率 ,根据南极环境、南极环境管理以及南极站区人类活动的特点 ,尝试研究开发了南极站区环境管理信息系统 ( ASEMIS:Antarctic StationEnvironmental Management Information System)。ASEMIS具有管理、模拟、利用南极站区环境、南极站区人类活动等有关信息的功能     

县域城镇体系规划中城镇化水平研究：以新源,乌苏,吉木萨尔三县为例

城镇化水平是县域城镇体系规划中一个重要的量化指标，也是衡量一个区域社会经济发达程度的重要指标，本文从城镇化涵义入手规定理论上城镇人口的统计口径，提出求算实有城镇人口的公式Ｐ＝Ｎ．Ｋ，即利用城镇非农业人口数为基数Ｎ，再依据各县实际情况确定系数Ｋ值，二者相乘作为县域实有城镇人口Ｐ，以此测算出的县域城镇化水平比较贴近实际，并证明它是目前一种较为理想的方法。     

重庆市环境灾害管理综合信息系统研究

重庆市环境灾害管理信息系统是以环境灾害综合管理与科学决策为目标,在GIS平台上构建的具有一定系统结构、功能以及地学分析模型,通过一定的数据接口连结与GIS紧密结合的一体化系统。整个系统由领导层、管理层和基础层3个层次以及环境灾害数据库、远程通信管理、应用分析和决策支持4个主要模块组成,并通过一定数据接口,实现各种地学分析模型与GIS系统的紧密集成,并具有统一的用户界面。系统的建立将有利于重庆市对环境灾害进行有效的综合管理、监测并提供决策支持,从而减少区域自然灾害带来的经济损失。     

广东省土地管理信息系统的设计与应用

采用遥感（ＧＩＳ）与地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）相结合的方法研制的土地管理信息系统能为广东省土地管理部门提供科学,快捷,有效的管理手段,文中重点讨论了广东省土地管理信息系统的设计目标,结构与功能,并介绍了土地管理信息系统的应用实例,指出建立规范化,标准化的土地管理系统的重要性以及统一的规范数据统计单元的必要性。     

基于GIS的海南岛海岸带资源与环境管理信息系统

本文阐述了基于ＧＩＳ的海南岛海岸带资源与环境管理信息系统的建立过程，包括以ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ为平台的系统功能和结构设计；并制定出海岸带环境管理的指标体系等技术关键和海岸带与环境管理信息系统的技术路线，这些技术关键亦有益于指导其他海岸带资源与环境管理信息系统的设计与建立。