COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR WATER RESOURCES EXPLOITATION AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CHANGLI COUNTY-A CASE STUDY FOR SMALL TOWNS OF CHINA

I.EnvironmeotaICharacterishcsofChangliCountyChangliCoLmtyislocatedinthenortheastermendoftheNorthChinaPlain,nexttoBohaiSeaontheeastandthesouthemendofYanshanMountainsontl1enortl1.Luani1emverWhichrunsthroughthecouotyforn1sthewestemandsouthemboundaryoftitiscoastalcounty.ThenorthempartofthecoUnyishillywithaverageheigltrrangingfrom5oto5Oom,andmostportionintheeastemandsouflempartislocatedonthealluvialplainofLuani1eandYirunarivers,inclilungfromnorthwesttosoutieastwiil1heighrangingfrom2to3m.Tl1…     

HUMAN AND NATURE,THE CORRESPONDING MANAGEMENT IN NATURAL RESERVE——A CASE STUDY OF XISHUANGBANNA NABAN RIVER NATURAL RESERVE

１　ＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄＸｉｓｈｕａｎｇｂａｎｎａＤａｉＰｅｏｐｌｅＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＰｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｌａｎｄａｒｅａｉｓ１９２２３ｋｍ２ｗｉｔｈｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆ８１７７７２ｏｆｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅＤａｉ,Ｈａｎｉ,Ｂｕｌａｎ,Ｌａｈｕ,Ｊｉｎｕｏ,Ｙａｏ,Ｗａ,ａｎｄＨａｎｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎ．Ｔｈｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅｉｓ６３％．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｂｏｕｔ４００００…     

ON ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU, CHINA

Ｗｉｔｈａｎａｒｅａｏｆ1.2ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｋｍ2,ａｎｄａｎａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆ4000ｍ,ｔｈｅＴｉｂｅｔａｎＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＲｅｇｉｏｎｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＱｉｎｇｈａｉＴｉｂｅｔａｎＰｌａｔｅａｕ,ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅａｌｍｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ.Ｉｔｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｈｉｇｈｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓａｎｄｈｉｇｈｌａｎｄｓｗｉｔｈｍａｎｙｗｉｄｅｖａｌｌｅｙｓａｎｄｂａｓｉｎｓｓａｎｄｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇｉｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ.ＴｈｅＨ…     

USE OF THE KALMAN FILTER FOR MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION IN A REAL SYSTEM AND ITS COMPARISON WITH CLS AND PURE COMPONENT CALIBRATION METHODS

The usefulness of the Kalman filter as an algorithm for calibration in a real system is shown. Results arecompared with classical least squares and pure component calibration. The prediction of four prioritypollutant chlorophenols in binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures was also carried out by Kalmanfiltering. The condition number, standard deviation and prediction error have been employed to choosethe most suitable wavelength range. Comparison of the standard error of prediction in the validation setshows significant differences between the evaluated chlorophenols, the best results being obtained withKalman multivariate calibration.     

EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN REMOVAL IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND：A SIMULATION STUDY IN THE WEST JINLIN, CHINA

Plenty of inorganic nitrogen in wastewater can cause the eutrophication in water bodies, so it is an important task to remove nitrogen. Purification role was realized by absorption, filtration, depositon, evaporation, nitrification and denitrification of microbes. Although the studies of Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland are popular, the purification performances of constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate are less reported. In the paper, the purification efficiency of nitrogen with Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate was discussed through a simulation study. Results to date indicated that the first order plug flow model was adequate to describe the nitrogen removal. The experiment showed that the diminishing concentration of TN, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N were closely related to hydrological retention time (HRT), the correlation coefficient was R^2 = 0.98499, R^2 = 0.9911, R^2 = 0.89407 and R^2 = 0.95459, respectively. According to the data, the most suitable hydrological retention time (HRT) for this kind of constructed wetland should be determined to 4 days. In addition, the experiment showed the purification efficiency of nitrogen has very broad range and drastic vibration, TN( 17 % - 79 % ), NO2-N (33%-98% ), NO3-N (13%-93% ), NH4-N (28%-64% ). The study will promote wetland‘s design and operation procedures in large saline-alkallne soil areas.     

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE REACTION BETWEEN 2,3-BIS(m-TOLYL)QUINOLIZINIUM BROMIDE AND PIPERIDINE USING A FACTORIAL DESIGN

A number of nucleophiles have been successfully identified and quantified using the Krhnke reactionwith 2,3,-diphenyl derivatives of quinolizinium salts.Optimization of the reaction conditions by meansof a mathematical model involving analysis of the response surface has led to a better understanding ofthe factors exerting an influence on the above reaction.The parameters chosen were temperature,reaction time,base concentration,water concentration andnucleophile concentration.The reaction was developed in polar aprotic solvents(acetone,acetonitrile).To facilitate the nucleophilic attack,the presence of an organic base(triethylamine)was necessary,although concentrations in excess of 0.15M did not alter the development of the reaction.Sincepharmaceutical solutions are often aqueous,the influence of water on the reaction was studied.Lowwater volumes have no significant influence on the opening of the quinolizinium ring by the nucleophilicreagent.However,when the water proportion exceeded that of the organic solvent,the fluorescenceintensity was lower than expected.Development of the fluorescent reaction product was first detected5 min after the reaction started.The fluorescence intensity reached its optimum value after 138 min.     

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LOCAL STATE IN SOUTH AFRICA (1979-1991): GROUP AREAS,PROPERTY “SUPER-TAXATION,” AND CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS

This paper analyzes the development of the property “super-taxation” problem experienced by Indians and coloreds in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in the post-1979/1980 period. Within theoretical perspectives on the local state, the resistance of the Pietermaritzburg Combined Ratepayers and Residents' Association (PCRRA) to the high property taxes resulting from the implementation of the Group Areas Act at the local level, is discussed. The paper explains how the PCRRA, a civic organization, used the property taxation issue to extend its demands to include the repeal of the Group Areas Act, the creation of a single non-racial City Council and the elimination of the racially based, advisory Local Affairs Committees (LACs). It also examines the conflict in terms of local-central state relations and the formation of alliances amongst the popular classes in Pietermaritzburg. The paper highlights the capacity of ordinary citizens (human agency) to effect the political transformation of apartheid state structures.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE OXYGEN-MINIMUM LAYER IN WATER AREA ADJACENT TO SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS AND NORTH OF ARDLEYD ISLAND, ANATRCTICA, IN SUMMER

In this paper, a distribution of the oxygen-minimum layer in the sea area adjacent to the South Shetland Islands and north of the Ardleyd Island, Antarctica, in surmner is discussed.The vertical distribution of oxygen in oxygen-minimum layer has the following features: 1). The depth at which the oxygen content greatly decreases is coincident with the depth of pycnocline; 2). There is a thick water layer with low oxygen content; 3). The oxygen-minimum layer occurs below the thermocline and coincides with the depth at which the temperature mostly increases. According to preliminary result of correlation analysis, the varia tion of oxygen-minimum layer is related to physical preperties of the circulation and biochemical process in deep layer of the ocean.     

A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION OF BEIJING-TIANJIN-TANGSHAN REGION FROM JIN DYNASTY TO THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA (A.D. 1153-1949)

TheBejingTial1jin-TangShanroponisoneofh1edevelopedareasinpolitics,econonucsandcultureinClllna,andanessel1tialplaceforagro-economicdevelopmentsinceanciottimes.Intheearlypartofti1eNeolithjcPenod,humanbeingShavebeenengngedinvariousproductonaCtlvitiesinti1eropon,especiallyinh1elast8OOyearssinceJlnDynastyAsBejinghasbeenthenationalcapitalaswellasthepoliticalandculturalcel1terinChina,thehumanpowerovernaturehasbecomestrongerandstrongerwhichexerteddireCtandfar-reaChinginfluenceonitsadjacedareas.b…     

广东省小城市规划管理信息系统的研究

本文针对广东省小城市的发展和规划管理的状况，探讨了小城市规划管理信息系统尖具备的系统功能，系统结构的建设思想，并以新会市为例，介绍了城市规划管理系统的主要特点。     

珠江三角洲地区城镇管理信息系统框架

针对珠江三角洲大部分地区目前城镇管理所采用的常规手工操作方式,其手段落后、信息加工处理速度慢且精度低、缺乏更深层次的空间分析、各城镇的相对独立和非标准性的管理模式、信息资源无法共享、难以及时更新大量的空间和非空间数据等问题进行了深入的调查研究。提出了用生态城市管理模式的全新概念和用现代地理计算机科学手段研究珠江三角洲地区小城镇管理信息这将对２１世纪现代化的城镇管理具有现实意义。     

建立南极站区环境管理信息系统的初步研究

南极环境对人类生存具有举足轻重的作用。南极环境管理是保护南极环境和保证持续利用南极资源的必要手段 ,信息技术在南极环境管理中的应用必将极大地推动南极环境管理的进步。本文为提高我国南极环境管理的科学性和效率 ,根据南极环境、南极环境管理以及南极站区人类活动的特点 ,尝试研究开发了南极站区环境管理信息系统 ( ASEMIS:Antarctic StationEnvironmental Management Information System)。ASEMIS具有管理、模拟、利用南极站区环境、南极站区人类活动等有关信息的功能     

县域城镇体系规划中城镇化水平研究：以新源,乌苏,吉木萨尔三县为例

城镇化水平是县域城镇体系规划中一个重要的量化指标，也是衡量一个区域社会经济发达程度的重要指标，本文从城镇化涵义入手规定理论上城镇人口的统计口径，提出求算实有城镇人口的公式Ｐ＝Ｎ．Ｋ，即利用城镇非农业人口数为基数Ｎ，再依据各县实际情况确定系数Ｋ值，二者相乘作为县域实有城镇人口Ｐ，以此测算出的县域城镇化水平比较贴近实际，并证明它是目前一种较为理想的方法。     

重庆市环境灾害管理综合信息系统研究

重庆市环境灾害管理信息系统是以环境灾害综合管理与科学决策为目标,在GIS平台上构建的具有一定系统结构、功能以及地学分析模型,通过一定的数据接口连结与GIS紧密结合的一体化系统。整个系统由领导层、管理层和基础层3个层次以及环境灾害数据库、远程通信管理、应用分析和决策支持4个主要模块组成,并通过一定数据接口,实现各种地学分析模型与GIS系统的紧密集成,并具有统一的用户界面。系统的建立将有利于重庆市对环境灾害进行有效的综合管理、监测并提供决策支持,从而减少区域自然灾害带来的经济损失。     

基于GIS的海南岛海岸带资源与环境管理信息系统

本文阐述了基于ＧＩＳ的海南岛海岸带资源与环境管理信息系统的建立过程，包括以ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ为平台的系统功能和结构设计；并制定出海岸带环境管理的指标体系等技术关键和海岸带与环境管理信息系统的技术路线，这些技术关键亦有益于指导其他海岸带资源与环境管理信息系统的设计与建立。     

中国南极信息系统总体框架的构想与研究

本文根据现实需求和所面临的国际环境,以系统论、信息论、控制论为基本立足点,探讨了中国南极信息系统(CAIS)总体框架的构想以及如何建立CAIS的若干问题。文中阐述了建设CAIS与南极信息资源管理(AIRM)之间相辅相承的关系;描述了CAIS的概念结构和基本结构的框架模型;研究了总体框架及系统的基本特征;分析了基本结构的层次性和相关性。针对易造成信息系统脆弱性的各种问题,讨论了需采用的技术、研究方法、开发策略、应遵循的基本规律,指出CAIS的第一个实践目标是开发与编写基于ADIF(南极目录交换用格式)的南极数据目录和南极主题词表。     

县级泥石流信息系统的建立及其应用──以四川省丹巴县为例

本文根据软件工程的原理和方法阐述了县级泥石流信息系统的建立过程，并讨论了其应用，主要包括数据库管理系统的应用，用图形库的应用，系统支持下的泥石流危险度分区，泥石流两类分别判别模式的建立。     

土地信息系统(LIS)建设方案探讨

土地信息系统(LIS)是土地管理信息化的核心内容。针对原有的土地信息系统建设模式中存在的问题和不足，探讨了新的土地信息系统的建设方案，将县级土地管理部门的土地信息系统划分为局长办公子系统、土地详查子系统、城镇地籍子系统、土地定级估价子系统、土地利用总体规划子系统、地政监察子系统、土地交易子系统、综合维护子系统8个子系统，对各个子系统的结构和功能进行了分析，探讨系统建设中的数据标准化、网络设计、数据库、组件技术等关键技术，并总结了土地信息系统的发展趋势。