DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF LEAF AREA INDEX FOR MAJOR CONIFEROUS FOREST TYPES IN CHINA

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬｅａｆａｒｅａｉｎｄｅｘ(ＬＡＩ),ｔｈｅｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｌｅａｆａｒｅａｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｔｏｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｅｄｇｒｏｕｎｄａｒｅａｆｏｒａｐｌａｎｔｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ,ｉｓｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｐｌａｎｔｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｎｄｉｔｓｎｅｔｐｒｉｍａｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ(ＮＰＰ),ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｐａｉｄｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｇｌｏｂａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ.Ｗｏｏｄｗａ…     

THE FEATURE AND EVALUATION OF ECOTONE IN CHINA

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｅｃｏｔｏｎｅｈａｄｂｅｅｎｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｔｈｅｅｃｏｔｏｎｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｗａｓｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｌｙｐｕｔｉｎｔｏｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｐｒｏｇｒａｍｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅ(ＩＢＰ)(1960ｓ),ｔｈｅＭａｎａｎｄＢｉｏｓｐｈｅｒｅＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅ(ＭＢＰ)(1970ｓ),ｔｏｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＧｅｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｎｄＢｉｏｓｐｈｅｒｅＰｒｏｇｒａｍ…     

THE UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCE AND THE OASIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ARID LAND—A CASE STUDY OF TURPAN BASIN

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙａｒｉｄａｒｅａｓｗｈｅｒｅａｒｉｄｉｔｙｉｓｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎ16.0,ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｏａｓｉｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｌｌｏｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ.Ｔｈｕｓ,ｉｔｉｓｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ,ｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ,ｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎ…     

Changes of population growth in Tibet Autonomous Region

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＴｉｂｅｔＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＲｅｇｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｔｈｉｎｌｙｓｃａｔｔｅｒｅｄ,ｉｓａｌｍｏｓｔｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙＴｉｂｅｔａｎ.Ｐｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｐｅａｃｅｆｕｌｌｉｂｅｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎ1951,Ｔｉｂｅｔａｎｓｕｓｅｄｔｏｂｅｒｕｌｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｌａｍａｉｓｔｓａｎｄａｒｉｓｔｏｃｒａｔｓｕｎｄｅｒｆｅｕｄａｌｓｅｒｆｓｙｓｔｅｍ.Ｔｈｅｕｎｉｑｕｅｈｉｇｈａｎｄｃｏｌｄｃｌｉｍａｔｅ,ｖａｒｉｅｄａｎｄｃｈａｎｇｅａｂｌｅｔｏｐ…     

A STUDY ON THE WATER RESOURCES AND SEDIMENT PROBLEMS IN THE IRRIGATED AREA OF NORTHWEST SHANDONG PROVINCE

Ｉ.Ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄ1.ＮａｔｕｒａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓＴｈｅｉｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄａｒｅａｏｆｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｂｙｃｈａｎｎｅｌｉｎｇＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒｉｓａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ27ｃｏｕｎｔｉｅｓａｎｄｃｉｔｉｅｓｗｉｔｈａｎａｒｅａｏｆ29,700ｋｍ2,ｏｒ19.3ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｏｆＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ.Ａｍｏｎｇｗｈｉ…     

A STUDY ON FIELD WATER CIRCULATION PATTERN IN THE DRYLAND OF NORTHERN CHINA

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｒｙｌａｎｄｃｏｖｅｒｓｌａｒｇｅａｒｅａｓｉｎｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｗｉｔｈａｂｏｕｔｏｎｅｔｈｉｒｄｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ’ｓｔｏｔａｌｆａｒｍｌａｎｄｓ,ａｍｏｎｇｗｈｉｃｈｒａｉｎｆｅｄｆａｒｍｌａｎｄｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｉｒｒｉｇａｔｉｏｎｃｏｖｅｒｓ2.3(107ｈｍ2.ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｄｒｙｆａｒｍｉｎｇａｒｅａｓｉｎｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ[9],ｉ.ｅ.ｓｕｂｈｕｍｉｄａｎｄｓｌｉｇｈｔｄｒｙａｒｅａ(ａｒｉｄｉｔｙ1.31.6,ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒ…     

A VERIFICATION ON DIVISION OF HYDROCLIMATIC AREA IN CHINA SEAS USING DIGITAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃａｒｅａ,ｈｏｗｔｏｓｅｌｅｃｔｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｆａｃｔｏｒｓｗｈｉｃｈｍａｙｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｔｙｐｅｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｔｏｅｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃａｒｅａ.Ｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌ,ｔｈｅｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔ…     

GEOFEATURES AND RESOURCE ELEMENT COMBINATION OF TUMEN RIVER ECONOMIC GROWTH TRIANGLE

Ｉ.ＨｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌＡｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｎＴｕｍｅｎＲｉｖｅｒＧｒｏｗｔｈＴｒｉａｎｇｌｅＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｌａｔｅ1980ｓ,Ａｓｉａｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｕｔｅｄｆｏｒｉｔｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ,ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈｔｒｉａｎｇｌｅｓｈａｖｅｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ.ＡｈｏｓｔｏｆｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｈａｖｅｊｏｉｎｅｄｈａｎｄｓｉｎＳｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔａｎｄｌａｔｅｒｉｎＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＡｓｉａ.Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｙａｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｃｉｐｉｅｎｔｓｔａｇｅ,ｔｈｅｙ…     

Landscape eco planning and design: concepts, a framework approach and case study

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｌｏｎｇａｇｏｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｖａｌｕｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｓｔｕｄｙａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｔｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｔｏａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｌｏｃａｌａｎｄｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ.ＴｈｅＷｏｒｋｉｎｇＧｒｏｕｐｏｆＬａｎｄｓｃａｐｅＥｃｏｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙＩＡＬＥ(ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＡｓｓｏｃ…     

Some thermodynamic criteria for river channel changes

Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｒｉｖｅｒｃｈａｎｎｅｌｉｎｎａｔｕｒａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓａｎｏｐｅｎｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｉｎｇｏｆｗａｔｅｒ.Ｔｈｅｒｅｗｉｌｌｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｏｏｃｃｕｒｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｗａｔｅｒ,ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ(ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ)ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｅｎｅｒｇｙ,ｇｒａｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙ(ｅｎｅｒｇｙ),ａｎｄｔ…     

Establishing a geographical information system in relation to its use A process of strategic choices†

Abstract

The planning and establishment of a geographical information system (GIS) relates to its context and intended use. GIS are a specialized type of information system, typically dealing with spatial data. This paper explores the environment of an envisaged GIS; the information utilization system and the wider object system. The planning and design of a GIS go beyond technical issues; they also have to take behavioural and organizational aspects of the utilization of information into account and contribute to a process of organizational development The paper is in two parts. The first (§ 2) explores salient aspects in the planning and design process, the second ( § 3) suggests some guidance in this task. The suggested approach of strategic choice in planning and establishing a GIS is designed to cope with the prevailing uncertainties in this planning process. It distinguishes between those decisions which have to be taken at once and choices which may be left open for the future.     

Design of environmental decision support system and its application to water quality management

EDSS is a comprehensive software system for water quality management in tidal river networks in general and for the Pearl River Delta in particular. Its purpose is to provide a practical tool that could assist government agencies in decision making for the efficient management of water resources in terms of both quantity and quality. By combining the capabilities of geographical information system (GIS), database management system (DBMS), model base management system (MBMS) and expert system, the aim is to improve the quality of decision making in what is becoming an increasingly complex area. This paper first outlines the basic concepts and philosophy adopted in developing EDSS, the system architecture, design features, implementation techniques and facilities provided. Thereafter, the core part of the system — the hydrodynamic and water quality models are described briefly. The final contribution in this paper describes the application of EDSS to the Pearl River Delta, which has the most complicated tidal river network patterns as well as the fastest economic development in the world. Examples are given of the real-world problems that can be addressed using the system, including cross-boundary water pollution analysis, regional drinking water take-up site selection, screening of important polluters, environmental impact assessment, and water quality zoning and planning. It is illustrated that EDSS can provide efficient and scientific analytical tools for planning and decision-making purposes in the information era.     

基于GIS的村镇管理信息系统设计与实现

建立村镇管理信息系统对村镇实现科学化、现代化和规范化管理,提高村镇管理和规划决策水平,加速乡村经济发展和社会进步具有重要意义。针对村镇这一聚落地域的信息和管理特点,文章以地理信息系统软件平台为基础,将其与管理信息系统、办公自动化系统有机结合起来,设计了村镇管理信息系统。在论述其设计思想和原则的基础上,详细阐述了基于GIS的村镇管理信息系统的总体设计框架、数据库的建立以及系统所能实现的基本功能。     

GIS应用开发方法回顾与展望

学术界有多种GIS开发方法,但每种方法都有其适用场合和优缺点。该文总结常见的软件开发方法和GIS实施文献,讨论GIS开发管理框架并展望该领域的研究方向。建议GIS、信息系统、管理科学等领域的学者进行协作,通过一定规模的问卷调查和个人访谈进行GIS项目案例研究,总结中国GIS开发中存在的问题和积累的经验;在此基础上撰写适合中国组织、管理与文化背景的GIS开发指南。     

小城镇信息图谱初探

小城镇建设将成为我国农村经济发展的一种重要模式。为了引导小城镇的可持续发展,有必要对小城镇演变的内在规律作深入研究。运用“图谱”的表达方式和GIS分析工具,从小城镇图谱的基本构成要素入手,对小城镇的群体空间、外部形态和内部结构的演变规律进行了探讨。并以泰州市城镇群、兰溪市永昌镇为例,作了实证研究。研究表明,采用图谱的表达方式有助于我们对城镇发展进行了历史总结、规律挖掘,客观地把握城镇的发展阶段,从而了解不同时期城镇工作的重点,以有的放矢地采取措施,部署长远规划。     

论城市图文办公信息系统的设计

城市管理部门的图文办公信息系统是“数字城市”的主要内容之一。该文以城市规划与土地管理部门为例 ,分析当前这些部门在资料管理与查询、业务办公效率、计算机应用效果等方面普遍存在的一些问题 ,并提出了集GIS与办公自动化 (OA)为一体的可业务化运作的“城市图文办公信息系统” ,亦即基于GIS的CSCW (ComputerSupportedCollaboratedWork)系统的解决方案 ,提出了系统设计目标及系统实施的主要步骤 ;讨论了系统设计的几个关键技术并提出建议。     

Design of environmental decision support system and its application to water quality management

1 IntroductionEnvironmental decision support systems could be divided into two categories by their organizational form and system functions. One is regional environmental analytical system based on commercial GIS and assisted by environmental models, such as BASINS developed by the American NEPA using ARC/VIEW as its user platform and including QUAL2E and NPSM as its prediction tools. The other is environmental information and prediction system based on mathematical models, such as…     

基于空间数据库的多媒体图形查询信息系统研究——以苏州河环境综合整治为例

本文介绍作者自行开发的GIS软件系统———基于空间数据库的多媒体图形查询信息系统的内容、结构和功能 ,以及在环境规划管理方面的应用。阐明了系统可满足决策管理层和公共信息发布层等不同层次的应用需求 ,对环境工程项目的规划管理可作为示范和借鉴。说明本系统除具有一般GIS系统所具有的功能外 ,还把现代多媒体技术和GIS空间数据库技术结合起来 ,实现了在空间数据基础上的多媒体信息查询 ,丰富了GIS中属性数据查询的内容 ,提高了地图的可视性。详细介绍了一种地理信息系统的空间分析方法———包含分析的算法和在本系统中的具体应用———按多边形区域进行空间相关性关系查询。     

广东省小城市规划管理信息系统的研究

本文针对广东省小城市的发展和规划管理的状况，探讨了小城市规划管理信息系统尖具备的系统功能，系统结构的建设思想，并以新会市为例，介绍了城市规划管理系统的主要特点。     

基于GIS的铁路地质灾害信息管理与预警预报系统

地质灾害对我国铁路建设及其正常运营所带来的负面影响日益显著,利用GIS技术对铁路地质灾害进行有效的管理与控制是减少灾害损失的一条重要途径。针对铁路地质灾害信息管理中数据的标准化、可视化、信息化和网络化的发展与要求,基于GIS技术构建的铁路地质灾害信息管理与预警预报系统实现了铁路地质灾害多源海量数据的统一存储与管理,集铁路灾害信息“数据采集-查询检索-预警预报-Web发布”功能于一体,具有较好的智能化与自动化能力。本文介绍了该系统的总体架构和功能特征,并详细讨论了系统实现中的三个关键问题:铁路地质灾害多源海量数据的采集与存储;铁路地质灾害分析评价与预警预报模型与GIS技术的耦合;铁路地质灾害信息Web发布系统的设计。该系统的最终实现及运行将对我国铁路部门减灾防灾产生重要的积极作用。