浅谈平度市土地利用的特点及利用方向

1平度市基本情况 平度市地处胶东半岛西部,东与莱西、即墨2市以大、小沽河为界相接,南与胶州市接壤,西、西南以胶莱河为界与高密、昌邑2市毗邻,北以大泽山脉为界与莱州市相连。境内主要河流近20条,分属北胶莱河和大沽河2大水系,白沙河以西约3／5的流域面积归北胶莱河水系;白沙河以东约2／5的流域面积归大沽河水系。平度市是山东省面积最大的县级市,全市总面积约3176km2,约占青岛市总面积的3／10。东西最大横距约71km,南北最大纵距约64km。全市共辖26个镇4个街道办事处,总计1791个行政村。截至2005年,全市总人口134万人。     

辽宁省海水入侵成因及防治措施

海水入侵是在自然和人为因素综合作用下形成的地质灾害。辽宁省海水入侵自 70年代以来呈逐渐增加趋势 ,具有入侵面积广、发展速度快等特点。目前海水入侵已成为我国较为突出的地质灾害 ,给工农业生产和人民生活造成很大危害。针对海水入侵形成机制及危害程度的地域性 ,目前已采取不同的防治措施 ,如控制开采 ,人工回灌 ,修建地下水库等 ,取得一定效果。     

北海市海水入侵地质灾害发展趋势与成因分析

海水入侵,是滨海地区最常见的一种地质灾害。文章分析了北海市水文地质特征、海水入侵的现状及其发展趋势、以及海水入侵的原因,在此基础上提出了相应的防止海水入侵的具体对策。     

龙口市海水入侵灾害及防治对策

介绍了龙口市滨海平原区因超量开采地下水而引发的海水入侵灾害 ,对其发育现状、危害程度及形成原因进行了分析 ,并提出了防治对策     

胶东平度北部山区地下水蓄水构造与开采条件分区

平度北部山区位于胶北隆起西南与胶莱盆地的西北部,属鲁东低山丘陵松散岩、碎屑岩、变质岩类为主水文地质大区,胶莱盆地和胶北低山丘陵两个水文地质亚区。开展1∶5万水文地质调查,综合运用物探、水文地质钻探、抽水试验等工作手段,分析了研究区气象水文、地层构造、水文地质条件,划分了松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙水、碳酸岩类孔隙水和基岩孔隙水4种地下水类型。分别从地形地貌、地层构造、含水层岩性、补径排条件等因素研究地下水富集规律,新发现东柳圈基岩裂隙水富水地段,可作为小型水源地,为城市应急供水。总结了研究区两种蓄水构造,分别为断裂破碎带型和岩性接触带型。通过分析研究区地下水富集规律和不同蓄水构造类型地下水的补径排特征及赋存情况,分析了地下水开采条件,为平度北部山区的找水打井提供技术支持。     

日照市海水入侵现状与治理方案

通过遥感解译对日照市海水入侵现状进行分析,对海水入侵程度进行评价,发现养殖池和河滩面积在大幅增加,盐田、滩涂、沙滩等均在减少。在日照沿海地区,地下水的储备与人类的用水需求之间存在矛盾,人类过量开采地下淡水是产生海水入侵的主导因素。建议采取兴建地下水库、减少地下水开采和人工回灌等措施防治海水入侵。     

鲁东金矿成矿规律及新的找矿方向

通过分析鲁东地区金矿成矿地质条件和区域地球物理场、区域地球化学场特征,并与典型金矿床地质特征进行类比,初步认为胶北隆起的破碎带蚀变岩型（焦家式）和石英脉型（玲珑式）金矿,以及近年来在胶莱盆地周缘找到的蓬家夼金矿床（产在盆缘控制性断裂带中）和发云夼金矿床（产在早白垩世莱阳群砾岩中）,是在早白垩世同一个区域构造应力场下形成的,属同源、同期成矿作用的产物,为同一成矿系列的金矿床组合。胶莱盆地周缘具有源、层、热、裂、晕相统一的成矿地质条件和矿化信息,是今后寻找蓬家夼式和发云夼式金矿的远景地区。     

浅析山东省胶莱盆地地方性氟中毒与地质环境的关系

根据山东省胶莱盆地地形地貌、地层岩性、水文地质特征以及地方性氟中毒的分布特征等的相关性分析,为胶莱盆地地方性氟中毒在地质环境方面的预防提出可行性对策。     

莱北低凸起构造成因演化及其对沉积体系的控制作用

莱北低凸起构造样式和构造演化控制围区油气成藏和古近系砂体展布。结合最新的三维地震资料,根据断裂体系特征、构造样式和地层厚度等,研究莱北低凸起构造演化特征,在走滑构造作用下解析沙河街组和东营组古沟谷构造样式对沉积体系的控制作用。结果表明:新生代早期伸展作用控制莱北低凸起的初始隆升,始新世时期郯庐走滑断裂带活动强度加剧,剪切应力引起凸起发生扭动旋转,诱导先存边界断层发生共轭走滑;旋转运动使莱北低凸起北西侧和南东侧远离主走滑断层,造成局部伸展沉降,北东侧和南西侧发生挤压汇聚,产生垂向或水平方向调节构造,形成莱北低凸起现今的构造格局。莱北低凸起北西侧的快速沉降,引起郯庐断裂中支走滑断裂形成的古沟谷也逐渐向沉积坡折带转化,扩大东营组辫状河三角洲沉积体系的规模。该研究结果为莱北低凸起寻找有利储集层发育区提供指导。     

山东烟台大季家地区海水入侵界面划分的意义

在沿海地区划分海水入侵界线具有重大意义,在海水入侵范围内,地下水由于含盐量高,虽然工业生产、人畜生活不能利(饮)用,但深部海水可为海产品养殖业带来较高的利用价值。利用高密度电法和可控源音频大地电磁2种方法准确划分了浅、深部海水入侵界线,并根据电性特征分析探讨了海水入侵区域的由浅至深的侵入特点,推测了不同深度上岩石破碎及富水规律,为探讨沿海养殖业利用温度相对稳定或较高的深部入侵海水进行了积极、有益的探讨。     

Numerical simulation of seawater intrusion from estuary into river using a coupled modeling system

One of the most important causes of the freshwater shortage in estuarine area is the increasing seawater intrusion into the river. To simulate seawater intrusion properly, two important factors should be considered. One is the bidirectional and time-dependent coupling effects between river discharges and tidal forces. The other is the three-dimensional and stratified structure of dynamic processes involved. However, these two factors have rarely been investigated simultaneously, or they were often simplified in previous researches, especially for the estuary connected with an upstream river network through multiple outlets such as the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). In order to consider these two factors, a numerical modeling system, which couples a one-dimensional river network model with a three-dimensional unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM), has been developed and successfully applied to the simulation of seawater intrusion into rivers emptying into the PRE. By treating the river network with a one-dimensional model, computational efficiency has been improved. With coupling 1D and 3D models, the specification of up-stream boundary conditions becomes more convenient. Simulated results are compared with field measured data. Good agreement indicates that the modeling system may correctly capture the physical processes of seawater intrusion into rivers.     

青岛市黄岛区潮河水源地地下水数值模拟

在分析研究青岛市黄岛区潮河流域水文地质条件基础上,建立了水文地质概念模型和地下水流数值模拟模型,利用地下水水位动态监测资料对模型进行了识别,并预测了三枯一丰一平条件下地下水最大开采量以及水位、降深分布情况。结果表明,模型验证拟合结果较好,地下水最大开采量为2.4万m3/d,地下水开采不会引起地面沉降、海水入侵等问题。     

Modeling the Water-Flushing Properties of the Yangtze Estuary and Adjacent Waters

As a multi-branch estuary system, the Yangtze Estuary presents distinctive characteristics of hydrodynamic processes through co-action among river runoff, tides, wind-waves, and gravitational circulation. To study the pathways of flushing water along all of the estuary's branches and analyze their differences, especially those due to the influence of seawater intrusion and discharge variations, a free surface flow modeling suite TELEMAC-MASCARET involving passive tracers was applied to the Yangtze Estuary and the adjacent waters. The open boundary conditions were provided by the Nao.99 b model(Matsumoto et al., 2000), which was calibrated using observed velocity and salinity data obtained in March 2002. The water age, which was used as the diagnostic tool to study the flushing efficiency of the water body across the estuary, was solved by additional advection-diffusion-reaction equations implemented in the TELEMAC modeling system. The transport properties were investigated under different river discharge scenarios, which represented seasonal impacts; aspects relating to the influence of tide, surface wind stress, and density-induced circulation on age were also investigated. Model results showed that river runoff is one of the dominant factors influencing the spatial distribution of the mean age, while tidal force is another important factor. The horizontal freshwater age distribution demonstrated similarity compared with the salinity distribution; the vertical age distribution resembled the stratification pattern of salinity in all branches where stratification persists. An experimental numerical simulation of tracing saltwater age from the lower reaches of the estuary was conducted, and implicated the connectivity with transport processes of freshwater from upstream. Additionally, a particle tracking algorithm was used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the four passages. The South Passage and South Channel were found to be significant as main water flow passages, while salinity intrusion in the North Branch was found to cause a return flow that partially joins the South Branch flushing water.     

SEAWATER INTRUSION TYPES AND REGIONAL DIVISIONS IN THE SOUTHERN COAST OF LAIZHOU BAY

The southern coast of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, is one of the areas in China most seriously impacted by seawater intrusion. Based on the sources of intruding waterbedies, seawater intrusion can be divided into two types: intrusion of saline water derived from modern seawater, and intrusion of subsurface brine and saline water derived from paleo-seawater in shallow Quaternary sediments. There are some distinct differences in their formation, mechanism and damage. The subsurface brine intrusion is a special type, which can cause very serious disaster. The coastal landform and the Quaternary hydrogeological environment are predominant factors in the classification of seawater intrusion types. Various coastal environments in different coastal sections result in three types of intrusion: seawater intrusion, saline groundwater intrusion, and mixed seawater and saline water intrusion, in the southern coast of Laizhou Bay, which can be divided into four areas: the sea-water intrusion area in the northern Laizhou City coast, the mixed seawater and saline groundwater intrusion area in the Baisha River-Jiaolai River mouth plain area, the mixed seawater and saline groundwater intrusion area in the Weihe River mouth plain area northern Changyi county coast, and the saline ground-water intrusion area in the northern Shouguang plains.     

广州珠江三角洲海水入侵地区地下水微粒的TEM分析及意义

广州地区地下水咸化现象由来已久,通过透射电子显微镜对广州珠江三角洲地下水的咸化原因进行了研究,并评价了其咸化程度。通过研究广州地区地下水中的微粒特征,包括观察微粒的形貌、结晶程度和化学成分等特征,同时对比现代海水微粒特征,讨论了微粒特征用于地下水咸化原因探究和评价的可行性。研究发现,在咸化程度不同的样品中,微粒中Cl含量不同,没有咸化的样品中难以找到Cl元素,咸化程度越高,微粒中Cl含量可以越高。同时,在受到海水入侵的地下水微粒中发现了具有海洋来源含Sr、Ba等微量元素的微粒,这些微量元素在一定程度上可视为海水的示踪剂,说明该组地下水受到了不同程度的海水浸染。通过透射电子显微镜分析研究了地下水中的微粒,结果表明,该研究区地下水中的微粒继承了海水中的微粒特征,广州市地下水的咸化是由于海水入侵所致,因此,利用微粒特征用于海水入侵的判别分析和评价是可行的。类似地,该方法同样可用于水污染调查以及地下水找矿研究。      

Hydrochemical indexes of seawater intrusion and comprehensive judgement on intrusive degree

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莱州湾南岸潍河下游地区咸水入侵灾害成因及特征

通过对莱州湾南岸咸水入侵较严重地潍河下游地区晚更新世以来沉积特征及现代自然环境条件变化的分析，探讨了沉积相对咸水入侵产生及空间范围特征的环境机理。晚更新世以来的三次海平面升降变化造成了潍河下游地区海陆沉积环境交替，形成了巨厚的海陆交互相沉积层。海进时期，大面积的滨海平原被淹没，在近海平原洼地滞留的海水经过蒸发、浓缩变为卤水，成为咸水入侵的物源；海退后陆源碎屑在滨海地区沉积形成了巨厚的古河道砂层。20世纪70年代末期以来，随着对地下淡水的过度开采，淡咸水水头压力差减小．卤水通过古河道砂层快速南侵。通过对潍河下游地区100余个地质钻孔水化学连续监测资料分析，阐明了咸水入侵的特征，有针对性地提出了咸水入侵的防治措施。     

黄河断流引起的东营市水环境问题及防治对策

东营市淡水资源十分匮乏,其中９３ ％ 以上依赖黄河水。近年来黄河连年发生断流,使得蓄水工程难以正常供水,同时还诱发了一系列环境地质问题———土壤次生盐渍化、开采漏斗、地裂缝、河道淤积和咸水入侵等。本文就其发生原因和危害程度进行了探讨,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

基于AHP与MapGIS的焦家金成矿带地质环境评价

地质环境评价可查明地质环境状态,有利于资源合理开发,有效减免地质灾害的发生。本文依据焦家金成矿带的地质环境特点及现状,选取地形地貌、工程地质类型、区域地壳稳定性、地下水环境质量、海水入侵、采坑及尾矿库、地面塌陷及伴生地裂缝、崩塌等12个评价指标,借助MapGIS强大的空间分析及信息处理能力,绘制相应的专题图,采用层次分析法（AHP）确定各指标的评价权重,采用综合指数法,对研究区地质环境进行评价,将焦家金成矿带地质环境质量划分为环境差区、环境较差区、环境一般区、环境良好区4个等级并进行分析说明。研究结果可为矿山环境的保护与修复提供对策和建议,为半岛蓝色经济区建设提供基础地质数据和科学依据。