注气欠平衡技术在彬长矿区煤层气钻井中的应用

彬长矿区煤储层厚度大、结构稳定,渗透性好,围岩封闭较好,具备了地面抽采煤层气的物性条件。以DFS-05多分支水平井为例,介绍了注气欠平衡技术的设备配置、工艺参数、作业流程以及注意事项,并对在钻进中遇到的粘附卡钻、提前着陆、煤层段漏失等实际问题的解决进行了说明。该井的成功,对注气欠平衡技术在彬长矿区及类似地区的应用提供了借鉴。     

芦岭煤矿碎软低渗煤层高效抽采技术

针对碎软煤层地面煤层气难以抽采,水平井钻进容易塌孔的问题,在借鉴页岩气和致密气开发先进技术的基础上,研究碎软低渗煤层顶板分段压裂水平井技术。通过优化煤层顶板水平井钻进、定向射孔和分段压裂等工艺流程,从地面抽采碎软煤层中的瓦斯气体。运用该技术在安徽淮北芦岭井田开展了LG01水平井组试验。试验结果表明:LG01水平试验井组日产气量超过1.0×104 m3,与同一井田的压裂直井相比,相当于4口以上直井的产量,实现了碎软煤层从地面高效抽采煤层气的目的。      

构造煤U型对接井水平段钻井技术

煤层气是一种非常规天然气资源,传统的煤层气开采方式为地面直井排水降压开采,但这种方式开采煤层气单井产量低、经济效益比较差。U型对接井是一种煤层气开采钻井技术,是由一口直井和一口水平井对接组成,水平井可以在煤层或煤层顶底板与直井连通,目前大多数水平井沿着煤层钻进。煤层气水平井是一种成本不是很高但增产效果非常好的技术,已经越来越多地应用于煤层气的开采。文中主要介绍U型对接井构造煤水平段钻井技术,此地煤层结构形成了局部的碎裂煤、碎粒煤和糜棱煤等构造分层,煤层稳定性较差。在该地质条件下U型对接井钻完井取得成功,对进一步丰富煤层气开发技术和推动高、中、低煤阶煤层气的全面开发,具有非常重要的意义。     

地质导向技术在煤层气水平井中的应用——以柳林区块某多分支水平井为例

地质导向技术能有效提高煤层气水平井施工成功率和煤层钻遇率,但由于其具有导向参数多、工艺要求高、易受地质因素影响等特点,使其在实际应用中还存在诸多难点。以柳林区块内某多分支水平井为例,针对该井现场地质导向作业面临的资料缺乏、参数受欠平衡钻进干扰、煤层结构复杂等难点,建立合适的地质导向模型,优选合理的导向参数和导向系统,对地质导向技术在实际应用中的工艺与流程进行了系统论述。实践表明,地质导向技术在该井的应用效果良好:煤层钻遇率达到了93.1%;截至目前,该井的产气量达8600m3/d,且还在进一步提升。     

贵州织金煤层气非储层水平井开发技术研究

直井开发煤层气钻井和压裂成本高,控制面积小,单井产气量低;煤层内水平井钻进难度大,风险高,薄煤层中井眼轨迹控制难度大,钻井液有害固相对储层伤害严重,采收率低。基于此,分析贵州织金区块煤系地质构造,提出在煤系地层内稳定的非储层内布水平井,通过压裂造缝沟通水平井上下煤层同时开发多层煤层的新思路。与常规开发方式相比,非储层内水平井具有钻井风险小、储层伤害小、单井产量高的优点,同时还可以开发煤系致密气和页岩气,提高非常规天然气利用率。研究非储层内水平井开发贵州织金煤层气技术,为解决贵州煤系地层煤层多而薄、层间距小等特性煤层气开发难题以及综合利用煤系气提供新的方式。     

贵州对江南井田煤层气地质特征及高效开发技术

贵州对江南井田煤层气开发进展缓慢,通过前期勘探阶段实践,该区块存在的主要问题是钻井效率低、固井漏失严重、压裂改造周期长,单井产量低,客观评价井田煤层气地质特征及开发技术对后续煤层气的开发至关重要。通过对井田煤层厚度、煤体结构、储层压力、含气量、渗透性等方面进行了系统研究,结合井田以往钻井、压裂及排采实践,提出了井田煤层气开发以定向井为主,在M18煤层构造简单、煤体结构好、含气量高、煤层稳定且厚度大于3 m的区域,宜采用水平井的开发方式,在M25和M29煤,M78和M79煤构造简单、含气量高、煤层稳定且层间距小于5 m的区域,宜采用层间水平井的开发技术,漏失井段宜采用空气潜孔锤快速钻进技术,非漏失井段宜采用螺杆复合钻进技术,固井宜采用变密度水泥浆+无水氯化钙的固井方式,直井和定向井压裂宜采用复合桥塞层组多级压裂,水平井宜采用油管拖动水力喷砂射孔压裂技术,排采宜采用合层排采+分层控压技术,形成一套适宜于对江南井田地形地质条件下的煤层气开发技术,为今后研究区大规模煤层气商业开发提供参考。      

煤层气U型对接井施工关键技术探讨

煤层气地面排采先后经历了常规直井、常规定向井、U型井以及羽状分支井等阶段,其中U型井具有同步排采,占地少、最大限度沟通煤层裂隙等优点而逐渐成为当今煤层气地面排采的新宠。以YQ01井组为例,对U型对接井施工中难点问题进行梳理,提出了各主要施工阶段需要注意事项及技术措施,解决了井眼轨迹控制难、复杂情况高发、水平井与直井连通精度高等问题。节省了钻井成本,为后续煤层气U型对接井施工提供了技术借鉴。     

煤层气水平井无导眼地质导向钻进技术

针对目前松软煤层水平段成孔困难、煤层钻遇率较低以及造斜段钻进过程中需要施工导眼井等问题,采用地质导向与几何导向相结合模式,对井身结构优化、钻进参数优选、防塌钻进、多标志层地质导向钻进、水平段井眼轨迹精细化控制等进行研究。在沁水盆地成庄煤矿进行现场应用,钻完井施工顺利,3口水平井都实现无导眼直接一次着陆入靶,水平煤层段累计进尺1 604.72 m,煤层钻遇率达到100%,最终水平段下入PE筛管总长度1 366 m。完善了煤层气水平井钻完井工艺,为煤层气低成本高效开发钻井施工提供技术借鉴。移动阅读      

煤层气水平井充气欠平衡钻井的井底环空压力设计与控制方法

井底环空压力的设计与控制是充气欠平衡钻井技术在煤层气水平井中成功应用的关键。在井底环空压力的主要影响因素分析的基础上,提出了一种欠平衡钻进中井底环空压力的设计方法,并探讨了环空压力波动的控制方法。利用该研究成果在彬长矿区2口煤层气多分支水平井进行了现场试验,试验结果表明:该井底环空压力的设计与控制方法是可行的,可在煤层气水平井充气欠平衡钻井中进行推广应用。     

松软突出煤层地面U型井钻完井施工工艺研究——以西山煤田东于煤矿MJDH01-H井为例

U型井作为煤层气地面抽采水平井的一种,能够较大面积的揭露储层,增加产气量。以西山煤田东于煤矿地面煤层气抽采U型井MJDH01-H试验为例,研究了松软突出煤层U型井的井身结构设计、钻进工艺参数、钻孔轨迹控制、钻井液、煤层生产套管的加工及下入等施工的关键技术,为松软突出煤层地面U型井套管完井施工提供了技术借鉴。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861