江西富城岩体西部过铝质细粒花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

针对江西会昌富城岩体年代学的不同结论,对该岩体西部的细粒花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb 年代学研究,并分析了细
粒花岗岩和粗粒花岗岩的岩石地球化学和锆石Hf 同位素地球化学特征,探讨了该岩体的成因和构造背景。细粒花岗岩LAICP-
MS 锆石U-Pb 定年结果表明,成岩年龄为219.1~221.5 Ma（平均220 Ma）,为印支期岩浆活动产物;岩石地球化学组成
上表现为高硅（SiO2=71.7%~78.2%）、富碱（K2O+Na2O=7.16%~8.13%,K2O/Na2O=2.00~3.53）、强过铝（A/CNK=1.11~1.26）,贫Ca,Mg; 稀土元素总量较低（ΣREE=72.9×10-6~203.0×10-6),Eu 负亏损强烈, 富集Rb,Cs,K,Pb等大离子亲石元素和Th,U,Ta,Zr等高场强元素,贫Ba,Sr,P,Ti 等元素;综合岩相学和岩石地球化学特征表明该岩体为S型花岗岩。粗粒花岗岩定年结果表明,成岩年龄为227 Ma,也为印支期岩浆活动的产物;岩石地球化学组成上同样表现为高硅
（SiO2=75.1%~76.3%）、富碱（K2O+Na2O=7.39%~8.72%,K2O/Na2O=1.79~2.60）、弱过铝到强过铝（A/CNK=0.9~1.14）,贫Ca,Mg。稀土元素总量较低（ΣREE=125.5×10-6~160.2×10-6）,Eu负亏损强烈,富集Rb,Cs,K,Pb 等大离子亲石元素和Th,U,Ta,Zr 等高场强元素,贫Ba,Sr,P,Ti 等元素;综合岩相学和岩石地球化学特征表明该岩体为S 型花岗岩。同位素组成方面,富城细粒花岗岩体的εHf（t ）值变化于-2.3~-10.8 之间,平均为-7.5,两阶段模式年龄为1.4~1.96 Ga,粗粒花岗岩体的εHf（t ）值变化于-5.0~-19.8之间,平均为-8.8,两阶段模式年龄为1.59~2.51 Ga,表明源岩为元古代壳源富泥质变质组分经过部分熔融,再经过分离结晶作用,在同碰撞构造背景下形成了富城细粒花岗岩和粗粒花岗岩。     

新疆东昆仑木孜塔格地区碎石沟花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

碎石沟花岗岩体位于东昆仑造山带西段木孜塔格地区,是该地区几个主要花岗岩体之一。为了查明该岩体的成因类型、物质来源及形成时代,并在此基础上进一步探讨木孜塔格地区的区域构造演化过程及东昆仑造山带地球动力学背景,对该岩体进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究。岩石学特征表明,碎石沟花岗岩主要由灰白色中细粒二长花岗岩组成,在岩体边部可见少量灰白色花岗闪长岩。岩石地球化学研究表明,该岩体具有高硅（SiO2=67.54 %~71.56 %）、高碱（Na2O=3.08%~4.50%、K2O=3.05%~4.20%）、富铝的特点（Al2O3=14.26%~16.58%）,属于准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素含量较高（126.31×10-6~160.13×10-6）,总体表现出轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾式配分模式,具有Eu的弱负异常（δEu=0.68~0.85）;微量元素相对富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Hf、Sr等高场强元素,显示出 I 型花岗岩的特征。本次研究获得碎石沟岩体二长花岗岩的锆石U- Pb年龄为208.0±1.1 Ma（MSWD=1.0）,属于晚三叠世岩浆活动产物。结合区域构造演化特征,碎石沟花岗岩来源于下地壳物质部分熔融,并且在形成过程中存在幔源岩浆底侵及壳幔岩浆混合作用,其构造背景为后碰撞环境。     

新疆东昆仑木孜塔格地区碎石沟花岗岩锆石 U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

碎石沟花岗岩体位于东昆仑造山带西段木孜塔格地区,是该地区几个主要花岗岩体之一。为了查明该岩体的成因类型、物质来源及形成时代,并在此基础上进一步探讨木孜塔格地区的区域构造演化过程及东昆仑造山带地球动力学背景,对该岩体进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U- Pb年代学研究。岩石学特征表明,碎石沟花岗岩主要由灰白色中细粒二长花岗岩组成,在岩体边部可见少量灰白色花岗闪长岩。岩石地球化学研究表明,该岩体具有高硅（SiO2=67.54 %~71.56 %）、高碱（Na2O=3.08%~4.50%、K2O=3.05%~4.20%）、富铝的特点（Al2O3=14.26%~16.58%）,属于准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素含量较高（126.31×10-6~160.13×10-6）,总体表现出轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾式配分模式,具有Eu的弱负异常（δEu=0.68~0.85）;微量元素相对富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Hf、Sr等高场强元素,显示出 I 型花岗岩的特征。本次研究获得碎石沟岩体二长花岗岩的锆石U- Pb年龄为208.0±1.1 Ma（MSWD=1.0）,属于晚三叠世岩浆活动产物。结合区域构造演化特征,碎石沟花岗岩来源于下地壳物质部分熔融,并且在形成过程中存在幔源岩浆底侵及壳幔岩浆混合作用,其构造背景为后碰撞环境。     

粤北竹山下岩体锆石U-Pb同位素定年及其地球化学特征

竹山下岩体锆石SHRI MP U-Pb年龄为161.0±3.0 Ma,属燕山早期岩浆活动产物。该岩体的主要元素显示富硅(Si O2=76.05%~79.16%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.77%~8.40%)、强过铝质(A/CNK=1.08~1.26)和低CaO/Na2O值(0.04~0.06)等特征。微量元素富集大离子元素而亏损Ba,Sr,Ce和Ti;LREE轻微亏损(LREE/HREE=0.82~1.09),Eu亏损明显(δEu=0.06~0.11),且具有较明显的四分组效应(TE1,3=1.07~1.24)。上述特征表明,竹山下岩体属于典型的壳源型花岗岩,是在地壳伸展-减薄的构造背景下,由泥质变质岩经过低程度部分熔融的方式而形成。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗白音图嘎地区晚石炭世花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

内蒙古白音图嘎地区位于西伯利亚板块东南缘晚古生代陆缘增生带,地处二连—贺根山板块对接带西北侧,该区发育大量晚古生代花岗岩,主要岩石类型为斑状二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩。本文对该区花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学测试。结果表明:斑状二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为302.8±1.3Ma(MSWD=1.4)和301.1±0.6 Ma(MSWD=0.84),属于晚石炭世;岩石地球化学数据显示,岩体属钾玄岩系,具有高硅(SiO_2=70.83%~75.01%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=11.58%~13.20%),贫钙(CaO=0.50%~1.22%)和镁(MgO=0.11%~0.33%)特征。铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.81~1.01,为准铝—弱过铝质花岗岩。岩体整体富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损Ba、Sr以及高场强元素(HFSEs)Nb、Ta、P、Ti;LERR富集,HERR相对亏损,具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.11~0.43)。初始岩浆温度(759.33℃~801.81℃)和岩石地球化学分析表明,白音图嘎花岗岩具有A型花岗岩特征。同时,低的Nb/Ta(7.38~19.50)、Zr/Hf(29.61~35.26)和Sm/Nd(0.22~0.32)比值指示其源岩为壳源。综合研究表明,白音图嘎花岗岩为陆壳变杂砂岩部分熔融的产物,形成于晚石炭世早期西伯利亚板块和华北板块后碰撞作用的板内伸展环境,为兴蒙造山带晚古生代构造岩浆演化及古亚洲洋闭合的时限提供了新的约束和佐证实例。     

内蒙古林西朝阳沟早白垩世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学及其意义

林西县朝阳沟地区位于华北板块与西伯利亚板块之间的兴蒙造山带的东部.朝阳沟花岗岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,岩体的侵位时间为早白垩世（126.2±2.5 Ma）.地球化学分析显示,该花岗岩体具有富硅（SiO₂=68.5%~72.1%）、铝（Al₂O₃=14.05%~14.95%）、碱（K₂O+Na₂O=8.34%~10.03%）和Fe₂O（3 2.27%~4.15%）的特点,属于准铝质碱性花岗岩系列;A/CNK=0.97~1.09,Mg^#值较高,为12.66~15.02;稀土配分曲线呈明显的右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显;具有显著的Eu负异常和Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti亏损,富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素.在（Yb+Nb）-Rb判别图解和R1-R2判别图解中,样品全部落于后碰撞花岗岩区和造山晚期花岗岩区.结合区域地质背景,认为该岩体形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境中.     

内蒙古赤峰地区蒙古营子花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 年龄及成因

赤峰蒙古营子岩体位于华北板块以北的兴蒙造山带南端,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩。其SiO2含量介于56.88%~68.82%之间,Na2O含量为4.32%~4.54%,K2O含量为2.3%~3.86%,且Na2O>K2O。里特曼指数σ=2.4~3.29,Al2O3含量介于15.1%~16.8%之间,A/CNK=0.81~0.92,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。富集轻稀土元素（LREE）、亏损重稀土元素（HREE）和高场强元素（HFSE）。Sr含量为782×10-6~1230×10-6,Y和Yb平均值分别为20.1×10-6和1.77×10-6,(La/Yb)N值为19.84~22.03,δEu=0.81~1.04,Eu异常不明显。岩体总体显示出C型埃达克岩的地球化学属性,暗示岩浆可能源于加厚的下地壳部分熔融。采用LA-ICP-MS 技术测得的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为252.8±2.4Ma,表明该岩体形成于古生代末期—早中生代。结合兴蒙造山带的构造演化历史,认为蒙古营子花岗闪长岩应为西伯利亚板块和华北板块后碰撞阶段的产物,具有幔源岩浆底侵诱发地壳生长的指示意义。     

大兴安岭北段哈多河地区骆驼脖子岩体地球化学特征锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

骆驼脖子岩体位于大兴安岭哈多河地区东南部,大地构造上位于兴蒙造山带东段,其岩性由正长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩（其中含石英闪长岩包体）、二长花岗岩组成。其中锆石呈自形晶,发育细微振荡生长环带,具有较高的Th/U值,表明锆石的岩浆成因。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,加权平均年龄和岩性分别为127±1Ma的正长花岗岩、126±1Ma的花岗闪长岩、131±1Ma的石英闪长岩、130±1Ma的二长花岗岩,集中在早白垩世。除闪长岩包体外,岩体具有高硅（SiO2=71.11%~76.89%）、富碱（Na2O＋K2O=8.04%~9.17%）、较低的Al2O3（12.9%~14.99%）、贫钛（TiO2=0.08%-0.22%）,属于高钾钙碱性系列。A/CNK值为0.97~1.10,属于准铝质到弱过铝质,分异指数（DI）为86.1~97.46,固结指数（SI）为0.1~5.59,岩体经历了较强的分异演化作用,δEu为0.26~2.51,正、负异常皆有,LREE/HREE为6.35~32.16,LaN/YbN比值为4.59~43.04,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对亏损。微量元素亏损Ti、Ta、Nb等元素;富集Th、U、Hf、Zr、La、Rb等元素, TFeO/MgO比值较低,为2.37~6.41,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=106.48×10-6~162.74×10-6,均低于A型花岗岩的下限值,同时锆石饱和温度也较低（723.43~760.48℃）,结合岩相学、年代学、地球化学及区域地质资料,骆驼脖子岩体具有高分异的高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩的特点,其成因可能为东北地区中生代古太平洋板块斜向俯冲后,大陆岩石圈拉张减薄的产物。     

南秦岭华阳花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 年龄、地球化学和Hf同位素组成 ——对五龙岩体群成因的约束

华阳岩体位于南秦岭中部地区,岩体主体岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩。对中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒黑云母二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分别获得214Ma±2Ma和228Ma±2Ma的年龄,表明该岩体形成于晚三叠世。华阳花岗岩属于弱过铝质和高钾钙碱性系列,具有I-A型花岗岩过渡的特征,A/CNK值为1.01~1.14,Na2O为3.15%~3.83%,K2O为3.04%~5.70%,K2O/Na2O为0.84~1.80,Mg#为0.24~0.48;稀土元素配分曲线表现为右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有显著的Eu负异常。该花岗岩富集Rb、K、Pb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,表明华阳花岗岩的物源以壳源物质为主。锆石饱和温度和Ti温度计等的估算显示,华阳岩体岩浆源区的初始温度为750~800℃。花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值变化范围较小,为-6.17~2.27,平均值为-3.19;二阶段模式年龄TDM2为1.65~1.12Ga,加权平均值为1.46Ga,结合区域地质背景和前人研究成果认为,华阳花岗岩是早—中元古代古老地壳物质部分熔融的结果,伴有少量幔源物质的加入;岩体的形成与华南板块和华北板块碰撞有关,是同碰撞向后碰撞构造体制转变或后碰撞伸展早期的产物。     

南天山高钾钙碱性花岗岩年代学、岩石成因及其地质意义

南天山北缘乌什塔拉地区东泉戈壁岩体岩石类型为似斑状二长花岗岩及少量的镁铁质包体,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年 结果显示,其形成时代为 305±1 Ma。岩石富碱(K2O + Na2O=7.58%~ 8.44%),富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.09~1.33),高 Mg(# 51.6~58.5), A/CNK 为 0.92~1.00 之间,属于准铝质高 Mg# 高钾钙碱性系列;富集轻稀土(LREE)、大离子亲石元素(Rb,K,Th,U), 亏损重稀土(HREE)、高场强元素(Nb,P,Ti),强烈亏损 Y(10.17×10-6~14.84×10-6)及 Yb(1.054×10-6~1.374×10-6), 弱—无的负 Eu 异常(0.60~0.99),总体表明东泉戈壁岩体为壳 - 幔岩浆混合成因,具有碰撞晚期花岗岩类的地球化学特点。 结合区域地质资料,东泉戈壁岩体的侵位表明在塔里木板块与伊犁—中天山板块碰撞造山作用晚期的挤压环境中,由于幔 源岩浆的底侵作用,使得下地壳底部物质发生部分熔融,并与幔源岩浆发生混合作用,指示南天山晚古生代残余海盆的闭合。 东泉戈壁壳 - 幔岩浆混合型花岗岩的确立表明晚石炭世南天山地区一次重要的地壳垂向生长事件。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。