2.3 Ga Magmatism and 1.94 Ga Metamorphism in the Xiatang Area,Southern Margin of the North China Craton——Evidence from Whole-rock Geochemistry and Zircon Geochronology and Hf Isotope

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘豫西鲁山下汤地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的全岩地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成.岩石呈包体形式存在于中元古代花岗岩中.片麻状花岗岩具深熔特征,岩浆锆石年龄为2.30 Ga;岩石高SiO2和K2O,低∑FeO、MgO和CaO,具稀土总量较高(∑REE=165.8×10-6)、轻重稀土分离较强[(La/Yb)n=37.8]及弱负铕异常(Eu/Eu(*)=0.76)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.30 Ga)=-0.75; tDM(Nd) =2.66 Ga.黑云角闪斜长片麻岩变质原岩为辉长闪长岩,捕获锆石年龄为2.25 Ga;岩石低SiO2 和MgO,高Al2O3和P2O5,具稀土总量高(∑REE=373.4×10-6)、轻重稀土分离不强[ (La/Yb)n=9.4]及较强负铕异常( Eu/Eu*=0.44)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.25 Ga)=-1.21;tDM(Nd) =2.75 Ga.片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩都记录了1.94 Ga变质锆石年龄.片麻状花岗岩的岩浆锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.30 Ga)=-6.71～0.38,tDMI(Hf) =2627 ～2910 Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2823 ～ 3255 Ma.黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的捕获锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.25 Ga)=-19.58～ -1.73,tDM1 (Hf) =2664～3360 Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2968 ～4011 Ma.结合前人资料,得出如下结论:华北克拉通南缘豫陕晋结合部地区存在—规模较大的约2.3 Ga地质体分布区;华北克拉通南缘很可能存在规模巨大的＞2.7 Ga基底;中部造山带与孔兹岩带具有类似的古元古代晚期构造热事件演化历史.     

华北克拉通南缘豫西下汤地区2.3 Ga岩浆作用和1.94 Ga变质作用

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘豫西鲁山下汤地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的全岩地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。岩石呈包体形式存在于中元古代花岗岩中。片麻状花岗岩具深熔特征,岩浆锆石年龄为2.30Ga;岩石高SiO2和K2O,低ΣFeO、MgO和CaO,具稀土总量较高(ΣREE=165.8×10-6)、轻重稀土分离较强[(La/Yb)n=37.8]及弱负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.76)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-0.75;tDM(Nd)=2.66Ga。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩变质原岩为辉长闪长岩,捕获锆石年龄为2.25Ga;岩石低SiO2和MgO,高Al2O3和P2O5,具稀土总量高(ΣREE=373.4×10-6)、轻重稀土分离不强[(La/Yb)n=9.4]及较强负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.44)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-1.21;tDM(Nd)=2.75Ga。片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩都记录了1.94Ga变质锆石年龄。片麻状花岗岩的岩浆锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-6.71～0.38,tDM1(Hf)=2627～2910Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2823～3255Ma。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的捕获锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-19.58～-1.73,tDM1(Hf)=2664～3360Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2968～4011Ma。结合前人资料,得出如下结论:华北克拉通南缘豫陕晋结合部地区存在一规模较大的约2.3Ga地质体分布区;华北克拉通南缘很可能存在规模巨大的>2.7Ga基底;中部造山带与孔兹岩带具有类似的古元古代晚期构造热事件演化历史。     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区古生代花岗质侵入岩全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素地球化学特征及其意义

白海子南岩体是库鲁克塔格地区典型的古生代花岗质侵入岩。深入了解该岩体岩石成因及物质来源,对研究库鲁克塔格地区构造背景及古生代地壳演化过程具有重要意义。笔者对白海子南岩体进行了系统的全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素及锆石微量元素研究。结果表明,该岩体具有中等I_(Sr)(0.710 01～0.712 87)比值,富集的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-21.01～-18.07)和ε_(Hf)(t)值(-26.55～-17.28),对应的Nd二阶段模式年龄(T_(DM2))和Hf模式年龄(T_(DMC))分别为2.60～2.84 Ga和2.43～3.00 Ga,表明其是古元古代早期—新太古代地壳物质再循环的产物。锆石微量元素分析表明,该岩体锆石为壳源岩浆锆石,T_(Zr)均值为745℃,T_(Ti)均值为692℃,属于"冷"岩浆,岩体形成于主动大陆边缘,是南天山洋向南俯冲到塔里木克拉通之下后期阶段的产物,俯冲过程中幔源岩浆底侵产生的余热为该岩体熔融提供热源。在库鲁克塔格地区发现多期次古生代花岗质侵入岩,这些岩体的ε_(Nd)(t)值和锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值随年龄的减小呈现先上升后下降的趋势,结合前人已有资料,推测在南天山洋向塔里木克拉通俯冲过程中,库鲁克塔格地区奥陶纪—早石炭世地壳演化经历了先减薄再加厚的演化过程。     

青藏高原古特提斯洋早石炭世弧后拉张:来自A型花岗岩的证据

本文报道了羌塘中部冈玛错钾长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。钾长花岗岩中的锆石具岩浆生长环带,未见继承的老核,并且锆石Th/U比值大于0.5(0.58~1.05),显示出典型岩浆成因的锆石特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果为352.4±1.9Ma,表明其形成时代为早石炭世。钾长花岗岩富硅(Si O_2=74.17%~77.88%),低铝(Al2O3=10.50%~11.98%),贫镁(Mg O=0.23%~0.36%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=5.74%~7.24%),Na_2OK_2O,K_2O/Na_2O=0.53~0.71,A/CNK=0.87~1.06,富集轻稀土元素和Zr、Hf、Rb、Th和U等元素,亏损Sr、Eu、P和Ti等元素,10000Ga/Al=3.12~4.14,显示出A2型花岗岩的地球化学特征。钾长花岗岩中锆石的εHf(t)值和Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄分别变化于+4.40~+12.14和549~985Ma,显示出正的、不均一的同位素组成,可能形成于壳-幔混合作用,其中幔源端元应当是伸展环境下上涌的地幔岩浆,而壳源端元则可能是扬子板块新元古代的新生地壳部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆。结合区域地质资料,认为该花岗岩可能形成于古特提斯洋壳对羌北-昌都板块北向俯冲引起的陆缘弧后拉张环境。     

内蒙古北山造山带百合山地区350 Ma石英闪长岩的成因及对红石山-百合山洋俯冲时限的制约

对内蒙古白山岩浆弧内百合山石英闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、Hf同位素及岩石地球化学分析。结果显示,该岩体的形成年龄为350.8±1.5 Ma,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值在5.28～9.88之间,模式年龄为724～1018 Ma。地球化学数据显示,百合山石英闪长岩为一套I型钙碱性系列岩石,富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=6.03%～6.96%),富钠(Na_2O/K_2O2),较低的Mg~#(35.48～39.78)、Ni(2.06×10~(-6)～5.54×10~(-6))和Cr(2.11×10~(-6)～7.93×10~(-6))含量。相对富集轻稀土元素,重稀土分馏不明显,较低的(La/Yb)_N值(4.28～5.60),无明显Eu异常,相对富集Rb、K、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素等,地球化学成分表明,石英闪长岩具有俯冲带成因的特征。石英闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石成因证明了350 Ma石英闪长岩是晚古生代白山岩浆弧内首次发现的可以明确与红石山-百合山洋俯冲消减作用有关的最早的弧岩浆记录。表明红石山-百合山洋于约350 Ma之前就已经开始发生俯冲消减,比前人一般认为的俯冲开始的时间提前了22 Ma。     

东昆仑鄂拉山岩浆带晚三叠世后碰撞伸展:来自索拉沟高分异I型花岗岩的证据

鄂拉山岩浆带位于东昆仑造山带最东端,为研究该地区晚三叠世的构造背景,选取索拉沟地区钾长花岗岩开展研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,索拉沟钾长花岗岩加权平均年龄为(233±1)Ma,形成于晚三叠世早期。该岩石有很高的w(SiO_2)(75.91%～77.23%)、富K_2O和Na_2O,贫CaO、MgO、TiO_2和P_2O_5,A/CNK介于1.01～1.05,属高钾钙碱性系列,锆石饱和温度733～768℃,具有强烈的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu~*=0.09～0.25),明显富集大离子亲石元素(LILE Rb、Th、U、K等)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Ba、Sr及Nb、P、Zr、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE),显示高分异I型花岗岩的特征。锆石Hf同位素初始值(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)范围为0.282 487～0.282 611,ε_(Hf)(t)介于-3.54～-0.56;对应的两阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)(Hf)为1.16～1.33 Ga。索拉沟钾长花岗岩是新生下地壳部分熔融后经过分离结晶作用形成,新生下地壳是幔源岩浆在特提斯洋俯冲阶段(242～238 Ma)底侵古老地壳形成。结合晚古生代至中生代东昆仑地区的构造演化特征,认为索拉沟钾长花岗岩形成于张性构造背景,与古特提斯洋俯冲结束后巴颜喀拉地体与东昆仑地体后碰撞造山伸展作用有关。     

西准噶尔克孜勒巴斯套A型花岗岩地球化学特征、岩石成因及其地质意义

新疆西准噶尔构造带分布着大量的中酸性侵入体,其岩石成因和侵位期次对于认识该构造带的岩浆演化具有十分重要的意义。本次研究在详细的野外地质调查基础上,针对西准噶尔南部克孜勒巴斯套岩体8个样品进行地球化学特征分析。结果表明,克孜勒巴斯套岩体出露面积约7km~2,岩性主要为碱长花岗岩。其形成时代为306.4 Ma±3.7Ma,属晚石炭世晚期。岩石主量元素具有高硅(w(SiO_2)=74.30%～77.18%)、富碱且相对富钠(w(Na_2O+K_2O)=7.38%～8.73%,Na_2O/K_2O=0.97～1.39)、贫钙镁(w(CaO)=0.22%～0.48%;w(MgO)=0.19%～0.44%)、相对富铝(w(Al_2O_3)=11.93%～13.42%)的特征,明显富集Rb,K等大离子亲石元素及Zr,Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba,Sr,P,Eu,Ti等元素,具有较高的TFeO/MgO(5.88～9.07),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y(372.4×10~(-6)～482.7×10~(-6))值及锆石饱和温度(860℃～890℃),属于碱性准铝质-弱过铝质A型花岗岩,为低压高温氧化条件年轻下地壳物质部分熔融的产物。结合区域构造背景和前人研究成果,认为西准噶尔南部地区在晚石炭世晚期仍处于俯冲体制,可能与晚石炭世洋脊俯冲作用有关。     

华北克拉通怀安杂岩中～2.03 Ga变质石榴花岗岩的成因其对古元古代裂谷事件的制约

本文报道了怀安杂岩中的董家沟变质石榴花岗岩岩体的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素数据。变质石榴花岗岩高SiO_2、富K_2O+Na_2O,低CaO、MgO和TiO_2;富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有明显的负铕异常;同时亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,高Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量和10 000*Ga/Al比值,具有A型花岗岩特征。通过锆石LAMC-ICPMS U-Pb定年,获得岩石形成年龄为2 031±21 Ma,并遭受1 837±12 Ma变质作用改造。变质石榴花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素分析表明,核部岩浆锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-0.47～+5.51,绝大部分为正值,且二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)主要介于2 505～2 658 Ma,与围岩TTG片麻岩年龄相近,表明其来源于新太古代TTG岩石的部分熔融。华北克拉通中部造山带广泛分布古元古代中期(2.2～2.0 Ga)A型花岗岩,且同时期存在大量幔源基性岩墙侵位,指示该期岩浆活动形成于伸展的构造体制下,可能与华北克拉通内部(晋冀地块)裂谷活动有关。古元古代俯冲造山启动时限应小于2.0 Ga。     

滇西南勐海布朗山奥陶纪花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成特征及其构造意义

对滇西南勐海布朗山花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试,获得该花岗岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为458.5±3.0Ma(n=21,MSWD=2.3),属中—晚奥陶世的产物。样品锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)变化范围为-2.4～0.9之间,平均值为-0.9;亏损地壳模式年龄tDMC变化范围为1.41～1.58Ga,加权平均值为1.49Ga。岩石地球化学特征表明,该花岗岩具有高SiO_2(75.79%～77.56%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.39%~8.42%)、中-高钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.23～1.95)、低MgO(0.14%～0.27%)、低CaO(0.05%～0.64%)的特征。铝过饱和指数A/CNK值介于1.02～1.27之间,岩石属高钾钙碱性强过铝S型花岗岩。岩石稀土元素总体表现为由轻稀土元素富集型向平坦的"海鸥"型过渡,具强烈负Eu异常,δEu值为0.03～0.14;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上,明显富集Rb、Th、Nd、Ta等元素,具有明显的Ba、Sr、P、Ti亏损。结合区域地质资料分析,该岩体的形成可能与原特提斯洋俯冲,以及古特提斯洋扩张成盆时,该区处于强烈挤压状态,持续的俯冲使澜沧陆壳残片地壳不断加厚并导致区域重力均衡隆升,引起深部地壳物质在加热后抬升减压发生部分熔融有关。     

湖北新春花岗岩类锆石SHRIMP年龄:大别山造山带内弱变质—未变质晋宁期花岗岩类的发现

蕲春花岗质杂岩体包括斑状二长花岗岩和花岗岩两部分,它们之间在化学性质上存在着很大的差异,前者表现为高Al_2O_3(15.73％)、相对高CaO(2.46％)、Na_2O含量明显高于K_2O(Na_2O/K_2O=1.27),尤以强烈亏损重稀土元素和极强的轻、重稀土元素分馏程度[(La/Yb)_N=46.8]为特征而类似于太古宙高Al_2O_3的TTG岩石。而后者则以较低的Al_2O_3含量(14.05％)、贫CaO(0.82％)、K_2O含量明显高于Na_2O(Na_2O/K_2O=0.81)为特征,轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度[(La/Yb)_N=10.89]也较片麻状二长花岗岩中弱得多。两类岩石中锆石的U-PbSHRIMP年龄分别为824.6±17.6 Ma和784±20 Ma,该时代与大别山造山带内花岗片麻岩的原岩形成年龄类似。大别山造山带内弱变质-未变质晋宁期花岗岩的出现表明扬子板块印支期向北俯冲时,该花岗质杂岩处于俯冲板片的后缘,可代表造山带内扬子基底的原地露头。而岩体周围的高压变质杂岩应是折返上来的无根构造岩片,大别山造山带内高压-超高压变质杂岩的出露不是整体性抬升剥蚀的结果。     

南秦岭下地壳组成及岩石圈的拆离俯冲作用

根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。     

青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望

中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化,     

铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响

本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。     

Wavelets and the Generalization of the Variogram

The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries.     

共和盆地层状地貌系统与青藏高原隆升及黄河发育

利用卫星遥感影像,结合实地调查和测年结果,对共和盆地层状地貌系统进行了解译、分析。研究表明,共和盆地层状地貌系统由山麓剥蚀面、洪积扇面、盆地面以及黄河阶地面构成,其空间结构、物质组成对发生于早更新世早期的青藏运动C幕和中更新世末期的共和运动反映清晰。青藏运动C幕使青藏高原主夷平面在高原差异性隆升中彻底解体,垂直变形量高达1700m。共和运动使黄河在0.11Ma进入共和盆地,其后黄河平均以3.5mm/a的侵蚀速率下切盆地,同时在盆地边部的山前古冲洪积扇以大致相近的速率被抬升,最终导致高差在2000m左右的层状地貌系统的出现。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

南海的形成演化与新特提斯在南海的重新活化

南海位于印度板块、欧亚板块和太平洋板块之间,是世界上最大的边缘海,其构造位置处于太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域,地质构造复杂.关于南海形成演化的动力学机制存在有多种不同观点,其中最重要的一个观点是印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞致使华南地块和印支地块地幔物质沿东南方向蠕动,从而导致南海的海底扩张.从特提斯的演化规律,以及新特提斯的闭合过程来看,南海并不是特提斯洋的残留海,而是新特提斯在闭合过程中配合印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞导致华南地块和印支地块地幔物质东南方向蠕动的动力学机制下,在南海重新活化的结果.     

Principles of spatial organization and evolution of the biosphere and the noosphere

In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.

The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:

• — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
• — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
• — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.

On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature.