平坝磷石膏堆场渗漏分析与污染防治对策

平坝磷石膏堆场未做防渗处理,堆场产生的含磷、氟的渗滤液通过排污水渠、岩溶管道和裂隙进入周围地表水和地下水系统,污染了羊昌河的水质,严重影响了红枫湖水库的水环境。通过水文地质勘察、样方统计调查、压水试验和连通试验等方法,查明了堆场岩溶及节理裂隙发育情况,分析了地表水与地下水之间的水力联系,指出堆场渗滤液通过地表02水渠、01水渠?落水洞L1?泉点Q16及地下岩体节理裂隙等通道污染羊昌河。地下水污染受节理裂隙结构面控制,主要的污染方向为北、西向。根据水样监测的资料,划定了堆场水污染的范围及程度。最后,针对堆场勘察情况提出了垂直防渗、水平防渗、引流汇集和表层覆盖等污染防治的对策。      

若尔盖县生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液回喷处理设计

结合当地蒸发量远大于降雨量的特点,在若尔盖县生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液污染控制中采用了渗滤液循环回喷处理技术,可实现在填埋运营期渗滤液不外排,同时,结合工程设计,介绍了渗滤液产量的计算方法、处理系统的组成、回喷系统的设计以及构筑物设计等情况.     

中国北方岩溶地下水污染分析

近年来,受气候变化和强烈人类活动的影响,环境物质及能量多频次、大范围的输入,极大程度上改变着岩溶水系统的水环境质量,岩溶水生态环境遭受不同程度的威胁和破坏,岩溶水水质日趋恶化。本文归纳分析了我国北方岩溶水系统水质特征、污染现状、污染来源及污染途径。我国北方岩溶水水质类型中硫酸盐型水和氯化物型水的分布逐渐增加,主要污染组分为总硬度、SO42-、F-、NO3-和TDS等。其中硫酸盐和硝酸盐污染强度和范围最大,呈现出显著的人类活动影响特征。依据我国北方岩溶系统结构及水力学特征,将岩溶水污染途径概括为:①连续入渗型——主要包括岩溶区地表水（河流、水库等）渗漏污染,城镇污水渠或排污管道破损引起的污水渗漏污染;②越流型污染——污染孔/裂隙水（含矿坑水/老窑积水等）越流污染岩溶水;③间歇入渗型——固废淋溶入渗和污水灌溉渗漏污染等。据此提出了推进岩溶水水资源保护和污染防治的合理化建议。      

阜新城市垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的研究

随着我国城市化的发展,城市生活垃圾产量剧增,垃圾渗滤液对地下水的污染问题已成为当前主要的水环境污染问题。通过对阜新市城市垃圾填埋场地理、地质和气候特征的调查,结合阜新市城市发展现状,分析了阜新市城市垃圾填埋场垃圾成分,渗滤液产生量及渗滤液中污染物的浓度,得出了阜新市城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液中各种污染物污染地下水的源强度。采用数值模拟的方法,对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的情况进行模拟分析,验证了模拟方法的正确性,并对今后的污染情况进行了预测分析。     

多级膜组合工艺处理不同时期城市生活垃圾渗滤液工程实例

通过对广西若干城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理系统的调查,采用"生化处理+多级膜组合"工艺能很好适应不同时期垃圾渗滤液的水质波动变化,出水可稳定达到GB16889-2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》的要求。该工艺处理效率高、运行成本低、占地小,对于未来在中小城镇垃圾渗滤液处理领域具有很好的推广应用价值。     

昆明大板桥岩溶地下水系统污染边界及其防污性能研究

大板桥岩溶地下水系统是滇东断陷盆地区较典型的裸露—覆盖型岩溶地下水系统,文章中定义了岩溶地下水系统污染边界,进行了大板桥岩溶地下水系统分级,即大板桥裸露—覆盖型岩溶水一级系统及横山—龙泉寺裸露型子系统和大板桥—阿地村覆盖型子系统两个二级子系统,确定了大板桥岩溶地下水系统侧向边界、裸露区顶界、裸露型子系统与覆盖型子系统的边界及覆盖区顶界四种裸露—覆盖型岩溶地下水系统污染边界,并对边界防污性能进行了研究,认为裸露区顶界防污性能弱、裸露型子系统与覆盖型子系统的侧向边界防污性能较弱,覆盖区顶界防污性能强。      

趵突泉泉域岩溶水典型污染组分变化特征及污染途径

济南趵突泉水闻名天下,自20世纪50年代以来岩溶地下水水质发生较大变化。利用收集与实测的近60年的水化学数据,选取矿化度、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-典型水化学指标,结合水文地质条件及人类活动影响,对山前三个典型富水地段岩溶地下水化学变化特征进行研究,并揭示泉域西部、中部、东部三个富水地段岩溶水水质污染途径。结果表明,1986年以前,三富水地段水质变化特征相似,均呈小幅增长趋势,而1986年以后差异显著。其中,西部富水地段除90年代以外,岩溶水中典型污染组分含量总体涨幅较小,地下水主要污染途径为点源—表流阶段入渗型;中部富水地段岩溶水中典型污染组分呈稳步增长趋势,地下水主要污染途径为面源—降雨间歇入渗型;东部富水地段岩溶水中常规离子组分涨幅最大,地下水主要污染途径为点源—开采越流入渗型。研究结果对泉域三个富水地段岩溶地下水保护具有重要指导意义。      

某供水源地水质污染成因分析及保护对策

岩溶地区地质条件复杂,特别是在裸露型岩溶地区,岩溶发育强烈,地下岩溶管道空间往往与地表落水洞、伏流入口之间存在水力联系。因此岩溶地区水源地的脆弱性高,地表受污染水体通过落水洞、伏流入口等岩溶通道补给地下水,地下水一旦受到污染,污染物传播速度极快,一般来不及稀释或弥散就随水流到达水源地。该文对遵义市某供水源地水质污染成因分析,针对存在的污染问题,提出今后对地下水饮用水水源地的保护措施和意见。     

中国南方岩溶地下水面源污染风险评价及防控对策

我国南方发育分布了约80万km2的碳酸盐岩地层、3 620个岩溶地下水系统,赋存了1 806×108 m3/a岩溶水资源,为南方69个城市约5 000万城市居民及8 000多万农村人口提供了供水水源。但是岩溶水受到了程度不同的污染,而农业面污染源对岩溶水所产生的污染已经远远超过非面源污染,威胁着岩溶地区供水安全。岩溶地下水污染风险评估研究意义重大。作者在全面系统地分析了南方岩溶水特点、污染类型及污染途径等的基础上,结合已有的实验研究结果总结了岩溶地下水污染的防护能力,提出了污染风险识别、污染概率估算、污染风险评价与防控的理论方法,并以贵阳为例,对岩溶地下水面源污染风险进行了评价,针对岩溶地下水面源污染特点提出了防控对策。     

中国南方岩溶石山地区不同岩溶类型的地下水与环境地质问题

依据碳酸盐岩的出露形式、岩性和层组类型、大地构造等,将南方岩溶环境系统划分为裸露型、埋藏型、覆盖型和断陷盆地型,其中裸露型又可分为连续型和间互型.简要叙述了连续性、间互型、埋藏型和覆盖型岩溶区的大地构造、岩性和岩层组合方面的特征,结合多个典型点最新的研究成果,重点介绍了连续型岩溶区的地表水缺乏、污染、内涝和石漠化问题,提出修建水窖、封山育林等措施缓解缺水和治理石漠化;同时介绍了间互型岩溶区的地表、地下水污染、缺水、石漠化问题,提出依托高位隔水层溶洼成库、寻找蓄水构造打井、封山育林等治理措施;最后介绍了埋藏型岩溶区的缺水、石漠化和塌陷问题,指出打井、恢复植被等治理措施.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861