Geology and rare-earth element geochemistry of highly evolved, molybdenite-bearing granitic plutons, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

The field relations, mineralogy, and major and trace elements (including REE analyses of whole-rock samples and minerals) of granites and their associated molybdenite uranium mineralized aplites in Southeastern Desert, Egypt, have been studied. The granites are leucocratic and mostly peraluminous in nature with muscovite increasing at the expense of biotite. The chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the granitic rocks indicate that their melts originated from the LILE-enriched mantle wedge by partial melting and are contaminated by crustal melts, followed by thermogravitational processes. Leucogranites with higher Na2O/K2O ratios from Um Dargag and Um Maiat crystallized under H2O-saturated equilibrium conditions in which the exsolved vapor continuously migrated away. The REE patterns of the granites studied are characterized by LREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies. In comparison, the potassic aplites and the more sodic leucogranites are depleted in LREE, enriched in HREE and show more remarkable negative Eu anomalies. Allanite and monazite are the most important REE carriers in the granites. These minerals are strongly enriched in LREE, whereas fluorite and xenotime, which are more abundant in the aplites, are enriched in HREE. The average Lu/Ce ratio represents the fractionation trend with respect to HREE. It is 0.71 for radioactive fluorite, and it increases to 1.22 for non-radioactive fluorite. The high REE contents of molybdenite represent re-deposition of the mobilized Mo and REE. Due to the strong control of accessory minerals, the REEs are of limited use in petrogenetic modelling of highly evolved granitic systems.     

Petrogenetic significance of rare-earth element behavior in the basement rocks of southern Obudu Plateau, Bamenda Massif, southeastern Nigeria

Rock samples representing various igneous and metamorphic rocks of southern Obudu Plateau were analyzed for rare-earth element ( REE ) behavior by ICP-MS. Results of the analyses indicate a range of REE abundances and distinctive patterns from highly fraetionated patterns with negative Eu anomalies in granitic rocks to relatively low abundances and less REE fractionated flat patterns with little Eu anomaly in some paragneisses, schists, enderbites and dolerites to unfractionated patterns with positive Eu anomalies in some paragneisses and charnockites. Over all, there are low to high ∑ REE contents with negative to positive Eu anomalies. The ratios of different parameters, especially La/Yb and Ce/Yb, show behaviors consistent with crustal to mantle derivation. The heterogeneity of REE abundances and REE patterns reflects mantle to crustal petrogenetic variations of different rock suites on the Plateau. The LREE content is higher than the HREE content in the highly differentiated rocks, as evidenced by their La/Yb,Ce/Yb and La/Sm ratios, which are normally higher in residual products than in primary melts. The dominantly intermediate nature of the source rock of the orthogneisses is suggested by the generally low ∑ REE. The granites enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and some of the charnockites with negative Eu anomalies were probably formed by partial melting and crystallization.     

北山野马井地区泥盆纪富钾酸性岩浆岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

为了理清北山南部晚古生代构造演化过程,对野马井地区的二长花岗岩与流纹岩进行了岩石学、全岩主微量元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素等研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明二长花岗岩与流纹岩的就位年龄分别为402.7±2.4 Ma与392.9±2.5 Ma.二者均为富钾钾质岩浆岩,呈现过铝质-强过铝质,轻重稀土弱到中等分馏且相对富集轻稀土,二长花岗岩呈现无或弱的负Eu异常,流纹岩呈现较明显的负Eu异常,二者均富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等,亏损Nb、Ta、Ba、Sr、Ti等,为I型酸性岩浆岩.二长花岗岩与流纹岩的锆石ε_Hf（t）值介于-2.2~+6.8,对应Hf模式年龄（t_DM2）为962~1 533 Ma;指示二者主要由中元古代陆壳物质熔融所形成.依据野马井地区泥盆纪富钾酸性岩浆岩的地球化学特征,结合该区域其他地质资料,可推测其为后碰撞构造环境的产物.      

Pan-African Alkali Granitoids from the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica

Alkali granitoids (500-550 Ma) representing a prominent Pan-African magmatic event are widely distributed in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Geochemically, they are granitic to syenitic in composition and show an alkaline affinity of A-type granites. They are characterized by high K₂O+Na₂O (7-13 wt%) and K₂O/Na₂O (1-2), low to intermediate Mg#, wide ranges of SiO₂ (45-78 wt%), Sr (20-6500 ppm) and Ba (40-13000 ppm) and have Nb and Ti depletion in the primitive mantle normalized diagram. The granitoids are subdivided into Group I granites, Group II granites, Lunckeryggen Syenitic Complex and Mefjell Plutonic Complex. The Group I granites have higher Mg#, Sr/Ba, Sr/Y, (La/Yb)_N and LREE/HREE, lower A/CNK, SREE and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁷Sr ratios and lack Eu anomalies compared to those with negative Eu anomalies in the Group II granites. The syenitic rocks from the Mefjell Plutonic Complex are higher in alkali, Ga, Zr, Ba, and have lower Mg#, Rb, Sr, Nb, Y, F and LREE/HREE with positive Eu anomaly, whereas the granites from the Mefjell Plutonic Complex have high LREE/HREE ratios with negative Eu anomaly. The Lunckeryggen syenitic rocks have intermediate Mg#, higher K₂O, P₂O₅, TiO₂, Fe₂O₃/FeO, Ba, Sr/Y and LREE/HREE ratios with lack of Eu anomalies and are lower in Al₂O₃, Ga, Y, Nb and Rb/Sr ratios. Based on chemical characteristics combined with isotopic data, we suggest that the Lunckeryggen syenitic body and Group I granitic bodies may be derived from the mantle-derived hot basic magma by fractional crystallization with minor assimilation. We also suggest that the Group II granites may be derived from assimilation with crustal rocks to varing degrees and then fractional crystallization in higher crustal levels (ACF model). The Mefjell Plutonic Complex seems to be derived from a heterogenetic magma source compared with other granitoids from the Sør Rondane Mountains. The syenitic rocks in the Mefjell Plutonic complex have a unique source (iron-enriched) and have a chemical affinity with the charnockites in Gjelsvikjella and western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, but not like the Yamato syenites in adjacent areas.     

帕米尔东北缘穷阿木太克岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

分布于帕米尔东北缘羌塘地块上的穷阿木太克岩体,与班公湖怒江洋的闭合有着密切关系。岩体主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,穷阿木太克岩体的形成年龄为(107.0±1.2) Ma(MSWD=0.55),属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学结果显示,主量元素具有富Ca、富K、富碱等特点,岩石Al含量较高,为弱过铝质花岗岩系列,具典型的钙碱性特征。稀土元素具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型特征,并显示弱的负铕异常。微量元素表现出大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf强烈亏损。岩石在成因上可能是地壳下部基性岩石经熔融或部分熔融作用形成的。结合本区所处的构造环境,早白垩世晚期穷阿木太克岩体可能形成于羌塘地块与冈底斯地块之间同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)的转化阶段,为后造山花岗岩类,岩石系列从早到晚由中钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列演化。     

东天山巴里坤地区早石炭世高镁闪长岩的确定及地质意义

东天山巴里坤地区两个闪长岩体分别获得327 Ma 和333 Ma 的LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄,代表早石炭世一期岩浆活动。这些岩体具中等略高的SiO₂（51.33%～62.48%）、高MgO（2.04%～11.16%）、高TiO₂（0.67%～1.29%）、富钠（Na₂O/K₂O = 1.39～2.95）,相对富集LILE和LREE、贫HFSE,亏损Nb、富集Pb,具中等略高的轻重稀土分馏,无或弱负铕异常的右倾谱型,与赞岐质高镁闪长岩相同。岩体基本没有受到陆壳物质混染,其锆石ε_Hf（t）均为正值,且变化范围较大,指示来自受富集组分改造的亏损地幔。结合岩石中出现较多角闪石等含水矿物以及Pb富集,证明它们来自俯冲带之上有流体加入的地幔楔,高的TiO₂和中等略高的轻重稀土分馏进一步表明,是俯冲消减板片部分熔融的长英质熔体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用后,交代改造地幔熔融岩浆侵位的产物。结合区域同期弧火山岩和花岗岩类的形成,以及于晚石炭世-二叠纪广泛出现碰撞/后碰撞高钾花岗岩、A 型花岗岩以及镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和基性岩脉的研究认为,博格达-哈尔里克构造带在早石炭世处于与大洋俯冲消减有关的岛弧环境,此后于晚石炭世晚期-早二叠世开始转入后碰撞伸展的构造环境。     

北武夷生米坑铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征与成因探讨

生米坑铅锌矿床位于北武夷中生代火山岩带的黄岗山火山盆地内, 已知铅锌矿体呈脉状产于侏罗系上统鹅湖岭组流纹质熔结凝灰岩的断裂内, 或呈细脉——浸染状分布于钾质粗面斑岩内, 发育钾长石化、绿泥石化、硅化等蚀变。地球化学特征显示矿区火山——侵入岩属于贫钠富钾的S型花岗岩, 其w(SiO₂)值为62.42%~78.02%、w(K₂O +Na₂O)值为7.66%~9.13%、w(K₂O)/w(Na₂O)比值为1.18~2.62、里特曼指数δ为1.67~3.78;矿区岩石LREE/HREE比值平均为10.94×10-6, 属于轻稀土富集型; Eu普遍亏损, 特别是熔结凝灰岩、黑云母花岗岩δEu＜0.31, 表明经历了显著的斜长石的分离结晶作用; 自早至晚主阶段岩浆活动稀土总量逐渐降低。从∑REE总量值、δEu值、地球化学参数及标准稀土元素配分模式图上看, 生米坑铅锌矿化蚀变岩与钾质粗面斑岩具有密切的成因联系。钾质粗面斑岩锆石(SHRIMP)年龄138.3±1.4 Ma, 表明矿床形成于燕山期白垩纪早期, 矿床成因类型属次火山热液型铅锌矿床。      

大兴安岭北段博克图地区晚石炭世花岗岩的成因:来自锆石U—Pb年龄、地球化学及Lu—Hf同位素证据

大兴安岭北段博克图地区高吉山岩体的岩石类型为碱长花岗岩,LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb定年结果表明高吉山岩体形成于晚石炭世(～311 Ma)。地球化学数据显示碱长花岗岩具有高硅,富钾,贫铁、镁的特点,且轻重稀土元素分馏作用明显[(La/Yb)_N=5. 00～14. 19],相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)及P元素等,具有负铕异常(Eu/Eu~*)=0. 47～0. 72,∑REE为49. 07×10~(-6)～139. 30×10~(-6),LREE/HREE=7. 93～13. 98。锆石Lu—Hf同位素特征显示碱长花岗岩具有正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(+8. 46～+12. 94),和较年轻的Hf二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2)=501～783 Ma)。结合相关区域地质研究,认为大兴安岭北段晚石炭世高吉山岩体是新元古代从亏损地幔中新增生地壳物质的部分熔融的产物,可能与古亚洲洋的俯冲作用有关。     

新疆西准噶尔地区加尔路阿甫花岗斑岩岩石成因及地质意义:元素和锆石Hf同位素地球化学制约

加尔路阿甫花岗斑岩体出露于西准噶尔北部萨吾尔地区,侵入于上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组二段地层之中,主要矿物组成为斜长石、石英、钾长石、黑云母等。该岩体SiO₂为69.54%~71.25%, Al₂O₃为13.92%~14.93%, K₂O/Na₂O为1.04~1.07,富钾贫钠, FeO^t/MgO为12.31~22.60,铁高而镁低。在原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分图中,大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th等富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等相对亏损。稀土元素总量较高(ΣREE=122.75×10^-6~172.39×10^-6),稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分型式表现为轻稀土强烈富集、重稀土相对亏损的右倾型,且Eu负异常非常明显(LREE/HREE为6.56~9.28,(La/Yb)_N为4.58~10.58, δEu为0.29~0.47),轻重稀土之间分异明显。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明其形成年龄为305±2 Ma,属于晚石炭世。锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析表明, ε_Hf(t)值变化于12.2~14.9,平均值为13.54,均具有较高的正值, T_DM1变化于462~345 Ma之间, T_DM2变化于638~393 Ma之间。结合前人研究和本次的工作分析认为,加尔路阿甫花岗斑岩体形成于后碰撞的构造环境,该岩体是新生地壳物质源区在晚石炭世部分熔融的最终产物,加入到大陆地壳中的新生组分可能主要为来自亏损地幔的玄武质岩浆。     

长江源区新生代火山岩的系列及成因

长江源区的新生代火山岩系包括高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列.高钾钙碱性火山岩形成于始新世, 钾玄岩系列火山岩形成于中、上新世.总体而言, 该区火山岩富碱高钾, 富集大离子亲石元素, 稀土元素含量高且轻稀土相对富集.相对而言, 高钾钙碱性火山岩富集SiO₂、Al₂O₃, 无负Eu异常, 属于壳源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由加厚陆壳的榴辉岩质下地壳经部分熔融产生.钾玄岩系列火山岩富集K₂ O、TiO₂、P₂ O₅、MgO、FeO, ∑REE、HFSE、I_Sr值均较高, 弱负Eu异常, 属于幔源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由EMⅡ型富集地幔的部分熔融生成.2个系列的火山岩均是大陆碰撞造山后期岩浆作用的产物.始新世以来, 随着该区由碰撞、挤压作用发展到出现走滑, 应力环境由挤压转变为张性, 导致依次喷发高钾钙碱性火山岩和钾玄岩系列火山岩.      

华北克拉通东缘金岭杂岩体岩浆源区及构造背景:来自岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学的证据

金岭杂岩体由细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪二长闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩组成,是鲁西地区典型矽卡岩型富铁矿(金岭铁矿)控矿岩体。本次研究对细粒黑云角闪闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩进行了锆石LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb定年,其结果分别为129.2±3.2 Ma和132.8±1.2 Ma,表明该杂岩体的侵位时代为早白垩世。样品SiO2、K2O和Na2O含量分别介于54.17%~63.73%、1.92%~4.76%和3.10%~5.41%之间,K2O/Na2O为0.58~0.94,A/CNK为0.60~0.93,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型稀土配分模式,轻、重稀土分馏程度中等((La/Yb)N=9.94~23.49),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.84~1.10),具中—弱负Ce异常(δCe=0.56~0.92)。样品以富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、U、Pb等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)以及高Sr/Y为特征。金岭杂岩体为燕山晚期岩浆活动产物,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并在岩浆上升侵位的过程中有地壳物质的同化混染。燕山晚期华北克拉通在古太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的板内伸展环境下,增厚陆壳减薄阶段,岩浆上侵就位形成金岭杂岩体。     

东天山阿拉塔格花岗岩体地球化学特征及其构造意义

位于中天山地块南缘大黑山地区的阿拉塔格花岗岩体,岩性主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、似斑状花岗岩组成,岩石具有高硅(w（SiO₂）为66.29%~77.47%)、富碱(w（Na₂O+K₂O）为6.75%~9.93%)、高铝(w（Al₂O₃）为10.97%~14.40%)、低Sr(w（Sr）为（28.78~153.00）×10^-6,平均为99.23×10^-6)、低Ti（w（TiO₂）为0.09％~0.77％）的特征。岩石的A/CNK值为1.19~1.50,为钙碱性过铝质岩石;岩石Eu亏损（δEu＝0.19~0.51）、LREE富集(LREE/HREE= 6.80~8.45,(La/Yb)_N= 6.06~9.03),明显富集Rb、Th、K、Hf(Zr) 等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE);岩石的Ba含量较低,并具有明显的Sr负异常。结合区域地质特征,通过岩石的地球化学和Sr、Nd同位素综合分析,认为该花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境,且为壳幔混源的岩浆多期次侵位的复合岩体。     

REE Geochemical Characteristics of Apatite,Sphene and Zircon from Alkaline Rocks

The accessory minerals apatite and sphene are the main carriers of REE in alkaline rocks.Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns decline sharply to the right as those of the host rocks,In the patterns an obvious negative Eu anomaly and a positive Ce anomaly can be seen in apatite and sphene,respectively.Zircon from alkaline rocks is different in REE pattern,I,e,. a nearly symmetric“V“-shaped pattern with a maximum negative Eu anomaly.Compared with the equivalents from granites,apatite,sphene and zircon from alkaline rocks are all characterized by higher (La/Yb)N ratio and less Eu depletion,As to the relative contents of REE in minerals,apatite,sphene and zircon are enriched in LREE,MREE and HREE respectively,depending on their crystallochemical properties.     

一种稀土参数图解新方法:以内蒙古拜仁达坝-维拉斯托闪长岩成因研究为例

稀土元素的示踪作用在地质学、地球化学研究中具有重要意义,稀土参数图解可以揭示岩石的形成机理、条件和成因分类,追踪各种复杂地质作用的演化历史。利用稀土元素参数REE与SiO₂、REE与LREE/HREE、δEu与LREE/HREE图解,在内蒙古拜仁达坝-维拉斯托铅锌银多金属矿区从偏基性端元向偏酸性端元演化的闪长岩类野外岩相学观察和室内测试的基础上,发现其全岩稀土参数之间的相关关系,进而结合岩石地球化学数据、稀土参数图解新方法与微量元素聚类分析,判别其闪长岩的成因和岩浆源区。结果显示,拜仁达坝赋矿的闪长岩具有高硅、富钠及较高MgO和Al₂O₃含量的特征,属钙碱性系列,显示地幔岩浆分异与下地壳熔融岩浆混合的特点;拜仁达坝-维拉斯托闪长岩LREE/HREE-REE和δEu-LREE/HREE曲线显示,稀土高值组端元分别呈负相关和正相关关系,负Eu异常明显,相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素,而稀土低值组端元反之。上述特征表明, 拜仁达坝-维拉斯托闪长岩为一套活动大陆边缘幔源为主、壳幔混合成因的钙碱性岩浆岩系列。实例研究初步证实,提出的稀土参数图解新方法是有效的,具有较强的普适性,适合在常规的地质科研中完善并推广。     

内蒙古温都尔庙地区早二叠世岛弧型花岗闪长岩的发现:对古亚洲洋闭合的时限约束

研究区位于西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间的关键部位,可能代表了古亚洲洋最终闭合的位置.在嘎顺地区首次识别出花岗闪长岩,通过对岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析,获得LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为294.8±2.7 Ma,形成于早二叠世.SiO₂含量介于64.69%~67.64%;Al₂O₃含量介于15.00%~15.52%;MgO含量介于1.14%~1.77%;Na₂O含量介于1.41%~3.61%;K₂O含量介于3.25%~3.98%.∑REE值介于157.89×10-6~174.43×10-6;LREE值介于147.86×10-6~149.55×10-6;HREE值介于9.34×10-6~11.8×10-6;右倾稀土配分曲线,呈轻度负Eu异常,轻重稀土元素分馏程度大,轻稀土相对于重稀土明显富集.明显富集Rb、K,亏损Ba、Sr大离子亲石元素（LILE）;富集Th,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）.锆石176Hf/177Hf值介于0.282 673~0.282 791;ε_Hf（t）值介于2.7~7.0,其二阶段模式年龄T_DM2介于861~1 129 Ma,176Lu/177Hf值介于0.000 486~0.000 734,结合岩石地球化学特征,认为该套岩石形成于岛弧岩浆作用,证实了早二叠世古亚洲洋仍未闭合.      

Accessory phase controls on the geochemistry of crustal melts and restites produced during water-undersaturated partial melting

The profound geochemical conseqences of accessory phase behaviour during partial melting of highgrade metapelites are demonstrated with reference to two geochemically distinct crustal melts produced by biotite dehydration melting reactions under granulite facies (kbar, 860°CC) conditions. These two leucogneiss suites, from the Brattstrand Bluffs coastline, eastern Antarctica, have similar field relations, transport distances (10–100 s of metres) and major element chemistry. Type 1 leucogneisses have low Zr, Th and LREE, positive Eu anomalies and Zr/Zr^* and LREE_t/LREE_t ^* values less than 1.0 (i.e. less than required to saturate the melt). Mass balance constraints suggest that these melts have been extracted before equilibration with host melanosomes. The dry, peraluminous nature of vapour-undersaturated melts inhibits monazite and zircon solubility and results in concentration of these phases in the residue. Melts are consequently depleted in LREE and HREE. Melanosomes show complementary enrichment in LREE, while HREE patterns are dominated by residual garnet. Type 2 leucogneisses, in contrast, have strongly enriched Zr, Th and LREE abundances, negative Eu anomalies and Zr/Zr^* and LREE_t/LREE_t ^*>1 resulting from accessory phase entrainment. Vapour-absent partial melting under moderate (6–8 kbar) pressure granulite-facies conditions of a pelitic source containing monazite is likely to give disequilibrium melts depleted in LREE and HREE as monazite and garnet are concentrated in the residue. If temperatures are high enough (850–870° C) to permit relatively large degrees of partial melting then the feldspar component of the source will be removed almost completely, giving melts with large positive Eu anomalies. Melts formed under vapour-present conditions are unlikely to show such extreme LREE and HREE depletion or positive Eu anomalies, even at high degrees of partial melting. Disequilibrium melting coupled with source entrainment could fortuitously produce REE and trace element signatures similar to those typical of S-type granites and usually ascribed to equilibrium melting conditions.     

Hydrothermal Redistribution of Rare—Earth Elements in Pingxiang Dacite,Guangxi

Distribution of the rare-earth elements (REE) in dacite has been studied so as to get a better understanding of the migration behavior of REE during alteration. Both unaltered and altered samples were collected in an unpolluted area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southwest China. The REE concentrations were analyzed by ICP-MS. It is concluded that the REE were enriched during dacite alteration in varying degrees. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of altered samples approximately maintain the characteristics of unaltered samples. However, if we normalize the REE concentrations of altered samples with unaltered dacite, fractionation of REE will appear. The LREE are more enriched than HREE in all altered samples with the LREE possibly precipitated as carbonate minerals. Both positive and negative Eu anomalies exist. Enrichment, immobility and depletion are noticed for the element Lu. Heavy mineral alteration, difference in stability constant between carbonate LREE and HREE complexes, downward migration of weathering fluid and microenvironment change may be responsible for the fractionation of REE in the altered dacite.     

东乌旗晚石炭世辉石橄榄岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

目前关于内蒙古东乌旗晚古生代花岗岩中辉石橄榄包体的精确年代学及其构造意义不清,直接制约了该区晚古生代地幔性质及构造演化的探讨.对东乌旗新发现的辉石橄榄岩进行了岩相学、全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb定年研究.结果表明,辉石橄榄岩主要由橄榄石、角闪石、斜方辉石及少量斜长石、黑云母、单斜辉石组成;锆石U-Pb年龄为317.8±1.6 Ma,属晚石炭世.地球化学数据显示,岩石SiO₂含量为40.28%~44.50%、MgO含量为23.42%~29.44%、Na₂O+K₂O含量为1.00%~2.12%（小于3.5%）,具有低m/f比值（3.13~3.86）和高FeOT含量（11.18%~14.70%）、高Mg#值（75.60~79.26）,属铁质超镁铁岩和拉斑玄武岩系列.岩石稀土总量较高（∑REE=31.98×10-6~72.60×10-6）,轻稀土（LREE）相对于重稀土（HREE）富集,（La/Yb）_N=3.56~7.72,Eu异常不明显（δEu=0.79~1.65）,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式表现为右倾型.岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、K等,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,具明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常;其形成于受俯冲流体改造的岩石圈地幔的减薄作用,并且岩浆在演化过程中遭受了地壳物质的同化混染作用.      

Sources of stream sediments in the granulite terrain of the Walawe Ganga Basin,Sri Lanka,indicated by rare earth element geochemistry

Thirty-eight samples of stream sediments draining high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Walawe Ganga (river) Basin, Sri Lanka, were analysed for their REE contents, together with samples of metamorphic suites from the source region. The metamorphic rocks are enriched in light REE (LREE) compared to heavy REE (HREE) and are characterised by high La/Lu ratios and negative Eu anomalies. The chondrite-normalised patterns for these granulite-grade rocks are similar to that of the average post-Archaean upper crust, but they are slightly enriched with La and Ce. The REE contents of the <63-μm fraction of the stream sediments are similar to the probable source rocks, but the other grain size fractions show more enriched patterns. The <63-μm stream sediments fraction contains lower total REE, more pronouncd negative Eu anomalies, higher Eu_N/Sm_N and lower La _N/Lu_N ratios relative to other fractions. The lower La _N/Lu_N ratio is related to the depletion of heavy minerals in the <63-μm fraction. The 63–125-μm and 125–177-μm grain size fractions of sediments are particularly enriched in LREE (average ΣLREE=2990 μg/g and 3410 μg/g, respectively). The total HREE contents are surprisingly uniform in all size fractions. However, the REE contents in the Walawe Ganga sediments are not comparable with those of the granulite-grade rocks from the source region of the sediments. The enrichment of REE is accounted for by the presence of REE containing accessory mineral phases such as zircon, monazite, apatite and garnet. These minerals are derived from an unknown source, presumably from scattered bodies of granitic pegmatites.     

北喜马拉雅佩枯花岗岩年代学、成因机制及其构造意义

北喜马拉雅花岗岩位于特提斯喜马拉雅的中部,对其研究不仅有助于认识和理解碰撞造山过程中地壳物质的熔融行为和机制, 而且对探讨部分熔融作用与相关构造的关系也具有重要意义.通过对北喜马拉雅佩枯花岗岩开展系统的LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究,结果表明佩枯花岗岩的结晶时间较长,从23.9 Ma持续到16.5 Ma,并记录了22.3±0.6 Ma和17.3±0.3 Ma两期深熔作用.全岩地球化学分析结果显示,佩枯花岗岩具有高含量的SiO₂(71.87%~75.56%)、Al₂O₃(13.57%~15.49%)和K₂O(3.34%~4.59 %),以及高的K₂O/Na₂O比值(1.02~1.39) 和A/CNK值(1.21~1.23),属于高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩.岩石强烈富集大离子亲石元素Rb和放射性生热元素Th、U,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Zr等元素;轻重稀土元素分馏较强((La/Yb)_N=10.76~16.60),几乎无或弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.76~0.97).样品的(87Sr/86Sr)_i值和ε_Nd(t)值变化范围分别为0.736 184~0.741 258和-14.6~-14.3,与大喜马拉雅变质沉积岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成一致,表明其源岩可能为大喜马拉雅变质沉积岩.样品(87Sr/86Sr)_i值较低而Sr浓度较高,且随着Ba浓度的增加,Rb/Sr比值基本不变,与水致白云母部分熔融的特征和趋势一致,表明佩枯花岗岩是水致白云母部分熔融的产物,部分熔融作用可能与藏南拆离系的活动密切相关.