塔里木盆地构造热液白云岩及其储层意义

野外露头和岩心资料表明,塔里木盆地下古生界广泛分布与构造活动有关的热液白云岩化作用。这种构造热液白云岩化作用有其特有的岩石学特征和地球化学特征,以鞍形白云石和自形白云石为标志,多表现为裂缝和孔洞填隙物,具有粗晶结构;流体包裹体具有较高的均一温度和盐度,地球化学上具有较轻的碳氧同位素值,与围岩(白云岩)有一定范围的重叠;锶同位素放射性不明显,表现出亲源性特征。塔里木盆地下古生界构造热液白云岩与西加盆地泥盆系热液白云岩区别明显。塔里木盆地二叠纪广泛发育的岩浆热事件可能是构造热液白云岩的主要成因。与构造热液白云岩有关的储层多是优质储层,其分布与断裂、不整合密切相关,是油气勘探的有利目标。     

塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩的主要成因类型及其储层评价

塔里木盆地寒武系发育规模巨大的白云岩地层。对覆盖区钻孔岩心的岩石学分析表明,塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩成因主要有六种:潮坪相沉积成因、潟湖相沉积成因、渗透回流交代成因、压实排挤流交代成因、岩溶低温结晶成因和岩溶高温结晶成因。岩心物性分析与铸体薄片分析结果表明,岩溶低温结晶成因白云岩本质上可成为最优质的白云岩储层,储层特征为高孔高渗;潮坪沉积成因与岩溶高温结晶成因白云岩可形成高孔低渗的白云岩储层;潟湖相沉积成因白云岩、渗透回流交代成因白云岩与压实排挤流交代白云岩一般不作为优质的白云岩储层。     

塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层类型及特征

根据60口井岩心及薄片的观察,塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系白云岩储层可划分为五种类型。萨布哈白云岩储层发育于潮间—潮上坪蒸发环境,以泥晶白云岩为特征,孔隙类型有膏溶孔及白云岩砾间孔。渗透回流白云岩储层发育于潟湖蒸发环境,以礁滩体组构选择性白云石化为特征,孔隙类型有铸模孔、膏溶孔、残留粒间孔。埋藏白云岩储层以白云石交代灰质或白云石重结晶形成的结晶白云岩为特征,孔隙类型有晶间孔及晶间溶孔。热液白云岩储层以受热液改造的结晶白云岩为特征,往往与热液矿物伴生,受断层、不整合面等热液通道控制。构造裂缝型白云岩储层储集空间除裂缝外,常见沿裂缝发育的溶孔。不同类型白云岩储层的主控因素和分布规律各不相同。     

塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层特征与成因类型

塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系白云岩具有时代老、埋藏深、成岩作用复杂的特点。白云岩储层储集空间主要为孔隙和裂缝两大类,其中孔隙类型可进一步划分为晶间孔、晶间溶孔、晶内溶孔、铸模孔、溶蚀孔洞等;裂缝类型可进一步划分为缝合线、风化裂缝和构造裂缝。根据储集空间类型特征,白云岩储层可以划分为孔隙型、孔洞型、缝洞型和裂缝型4种。孔隙型储层和缝洞型储层物性较好。根据成因白云岩储层可以划分为准同生白云岩储层、埋藏型白云岩储层、构造-热液型白云岩储层和风化壳岩溶型白云岩储层,其中后两者及其复合类型常形成优质储层。     

塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩类型及成因*

塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩勘探潜力巨大。在下古生界构造演化、沉积背景分析的基础上, 结合前人的白云岩分类方案, 首先根据形成时期将塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩分为准同生白云岩和准同生后白云岩两大类。在此基础上, 综合运用岩心、薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、碳氧稳定同位素资料, 对上述两类白云岩进一步细分。其中准同生白云岩, 可进一步分为云坪型准同生白云岩、潟湖型准同生白云岩与微生物白云岩, 云坪型、潟湖型准同生白云岩是在准同生阶段由蒸发泵白云化形成的;本次研究首次在膏模孔内发现完整哑铃状白云石, 拓宽了微生物白云岩的存在范围。准同生后白云岩包括浅埋藏白云岩、中—深埋藏白云岩和热液白云岩3类, 浅埋藏白云岩由调整白云化及渗透回流白云化形成;中—深埋藏白云岩主要为埋藏白云化的产物;热液白云岩由沿断裂或裂缝的热液白云化所形成。     

塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统白云岩储层特征

以塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系露头为主要研究对象,通过地质观察、镜下鉴定与孔渗分析等研究手段,较为系统地研究了上震旦统白云岩储层的类型及其发育特征。储层主要发育四种成因类型:古岩溶型、微生物型、结晶型和热液改造型。古岩溶储层广泛发育于上震旦统的顶部,溶蚀孔洞极其发育,但区域分布差异较大,受控于古构造隆起而呈带状分布;微生物白云岩储层主要发育于上震旦统的中上部,以发育与微生物结构相关的多种溶蚀孔隙为主,以低孔特低渗为特征,但横向上分布稳定,规模大,相控作用明显,为深层具有一定规模的致密储层;结晶白云岩储层以晶间孔、溶蚀孔为主,其孔隙度与渗透率具有正相关性,为低孔低渗储层,且分布局限,呈楔状或透镜状分布;热液改造型储层以与热液溶蚀作用有关的溶蚀孔洞或残余晶间孔为主,主要发育于肖尔布拉克地区,分布较为局限,多与深部大断裂有关。     

塔里木盆地下古生界热液白云岩储层的主控因素及识别特征

塔里木盆地下古生界中热液活动多,相应地也发育较多的热液白云岩储层.认为该类储层的规模具有局限性,更多的是对前期已经形成的储层进行叠加改造,但由于盆地内热液影响的范围大,对储层的改造作用也相当可观.对大量的岩心、薄片及露头的研究表明,具有一定孔渗性的石灰岩和白云岩地层为热液白云岩储层的发育提供了物质基础,高角度深大断裂为...     

塔里木盆地下古生界岩溶型储层类型及特征

塔里木盆地下古生界岩溶型储层可划分为同生岩溶、风化壳岩溶和埋藏岩溶等三种类型。同生岩溶型储层主要为礁滩体受三级或四级相对海平面下降导致的短暂暴露和淡水淋溶的产物。风化壳岩溶型储层包括层间岩溶和潜山岩溶两个亚类:层间岩溶为碳酸盐岩中—短期抬升剥蚀和淡水淋溶的产物,地形起伏平缓,与上覆碳酸盐岩呈平行不整合接触;潜山岩溶为碳酸盐岩长期抬升剥蚀和淡水淋溶的产物,地形起伏强烈,与上覆石炭系、侏罗系—白垩系碎屑岩呈角度不整合接触,包括石灰岩潜山和白云岩潜山。埋藏岩溶型储层又可分为原源埋藏岩溶和异源埋藏岩溶两个亚类,前者为有机酸、盆地热卤水、TSR成因的硫化氢等成岩流体作用的产物,后者为深源热液作用的产物。认为塔里木盆地岩溶型储层是多期次岩溶作用叠加改造的结果。     

塔里木盆地顺南501井鹰山组白云岩储层特征与成因

塔里木盆地顺南地区多口钻井揭示在白云岩储层中天然气富集成藏,但白云岩储层的成因存在争议。顺南501井鹰山组取芯段发育白云岩储层,为研究该地区白云岩储层成因提供了条件。通过岩芯观察与描述、显微岩石学、成岩作用与序列研究、基于铸体薄片的孔隙图像分析、计算机断层扫描、电子探针背散射成像与微量元素Fe、Mn定量、流体包裹体等技术手段,研究了白云岩储层特征与成因。结果表明,白云岩储层类型为裂缝-孔隙型,主要储集空间为裂缝-扩溶缝、晶间孔-晶间溶孔,孔隙发育与裂缝具有明显相关关系。热液矿物萤石与方解石呈共生关系充填于裂缝与孔隙空间。裂缝与孔隙附近的白云石、白云石环边以及与萤石共生的方解石均具有较高的FeO、MnO含量。萤石发育成群无色透明盐水包裹体,均一温度为165℃~175℃、盐度为15.5~17.5 wt.% NaCl equiv.。热液流体活动对围岩的改造导致局部方解石、白云石富Fe2+、Mn2+,同时提供了萤石结晶所需要的F-。一方面热液流体改造白云岩形成储集空间,另一方面以萤石与方解石为代表的热液矿物则充填裂缝与孔隙。因此,构造-热液流体活动在一定程度上影响了白云岩储集空间的形成。     

塔里木盆地和田河气田下奥陶统白云岩成因

塔里木盆地和田河气田是最近探明的大型碳酸盐岩气田,下奥陶统主要发育两类白云岩。下部为层状白云岩,以细晶为主,阴极发光呈紫红色和蓝紫色,有序度为0.57～0.68,Sr、Na含量低,碳氧同位素偏负,成岩深度约1500m;上部斑状灰质白云岩与层状白云岩相比,晶形较粗、以中晶为主,有序度较高、为0.85～0.90,Sr偏高、Na偏低,碳氧同位素更偏负,成岩深度约2000m。通过对上述特征综合研究,认为层状白云岩形成于早期浅埋藏海水-淡水混合环境,提出斑状灰质白云岩形成于晚期深埋藏压实流-淡水混合环境,总结了两种成因机理,建立了相关的白云石化模式。     

塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气藏特征及其分类

塔里木盆地下古生界寒武系-奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏复杂多样,依据圈闭类型可划分为构造类、地层岩性类、复合类等三大类油气藏.其中地层岩性油气藏还可分为风化壳型、礁滩型、白云岩型三个亚类.根据圈闭与储层特征,三大类油气藏可进一步细分为12个类型.构造类油气藏受局部构造圈闭控制,储层发育,横向连通性好,油气分布比较均一,油气水界...     

Ordovician Basement Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, China

Ordovician marine carbonate basement traps are widely developed in the paleo-highs and paleo-slopes in the Tarim Basin. Reservoirs are mainly altered pore-cavity-fissure reservoirs. Oil sources are marine carbonate rocks of the Lower Paleozoic. Thus, the paleo-highs and paleo-slopes have good reservoiring conditions and they are the main areas to explore giant and large-scale oil reservoirs. The main factors for their reservoiring are: (1) Effective combination of fenestral pore-cavity-fracture reservoirs, resulting from multi-stage, multi-cyclic karstification (paleo-hypergene and deep buried) and fracturing, with effective overlying seals, especially mudstone and gypsum mudstone in the Carboniferous Bachu Formation, is essential to hydrocarbon reservoiring and high and stable production; (2) Long-term inherited large rises and multi-stage fracture systems confine the development range of karst reservoirs and control hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and reservoiring; (3) Long-term multi-source hydroc     

Logging Evaluation of the Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Lungudong Region,Tarim Basin

<正>In recent years,great progress has been made constantly in oil and gas exploration in the Lungudong region of the Tarim Basin.However,progress has been slow in the evaluation of its main oil-producing horizons-the Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds.Based on previous researches and on the various data such as drilling,geology and oil test,in combination with the interpretation of each single-well imaging and conventional logging data,and through analysis and comparison,the identification methods in imaging and conventional logging for four types of carbonate reservoir beds in this region are summarized in this paper.Calculation formulas for four reservoir bed parameters,i. e.shale content,porosity,permeability and oil saturation in this region are proposed;and reservoir beds in this region are divided into three levels(Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢ) by combining oil test data and logging data,The lower limits of the effective porosity of reservoir beds and the fracture porosity of effective reservoir beds are determined as 1.8%and 0.04%,respectively.The physical property parameters are calculated by conventional logging curves,and the most advantageous areas for reservoir development are predicted comprehensively.On the plane,the high-value zones of reservoir bed parameters are mainly concentrated in the N-S-trending strike-slip fault,the Sangtamu fault horst zone and near the LG38 well area;vertically,the reservoir bed parameters of the Yijianfang Formation are better than those of the Yingshan and Lianglitage formations.     

塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物礁储集性研究及油气勘探意义

通过塔北西部-柯坪地区大量的野外露头观测及室内薄片观察与物性分析,对塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组上二亚段微生物礁白云岩储集性进行了精细研究。该层微生物礁仅在研究区南部三个剖面有发现,其中在昆盖阔坦剖面发育数量最多、体积最大,呈近东西向带状、串珠状分布;英尔苏和苏盖特布拉克两剖面发育数量和体积皆较小,呈现由南到北逐减趋势。微生物礁白云岩具有粒内孔、晶间孔、溶孔、格架孔、微裂缝和缝合线6种储集空间,但储集性能远低于预期目标,平均孔隙度与渗透率分别仅有1.84%和0.91×10-3 μm2,属于特低孔特低渗储集体。结合前人工作不难发现,塔里木盆地下寒武统甚至更老地层的微生物礁不应再作为台缘带油气勘探的重点对象,而台缘微生物颗粒滩更具有勘探潜力。     

The Original Organism Assemblages and Kerogen Carbon Isotopic Compositions of the Early Paleozoic Source Rocks in the Tarim Basin, China

Original organisms are the biological precursors of organic matter in source rocks. Original organisms in source rocks are informative for oil-source rock correlation and hydrocarbon potential evaluation, especially for source rocks which have high-over level of thermal maturity. Systematic identification of original organism assemblages of the Lower Paleozoic potential source rocks and detailed carbon isotopic composition of kerogen analyses were conducted for four outcrop sections in the Tarim basin. Results indicated that the original organism assemblages of the lower part of the Lower Cambrian were composed mainly of benthic algae, whereas those of the Upper Cambrian and the Ordovician were characterized by planktonic algae. Kerogen carbon isotopic data demonstrated that the δ13Ckerogen values of source rocks dominated by benthic algae are lower than ?34‰, whereas the δ13Ckerogen values of source rocks dominated by planktonic algae are higher than ?30‰ in general. We tentatively suggested that the carbon species those are utilized by algae and the carbon isotopic fractionation during photosynthesis are the major controls for the δ13Ckerogen values in the Lower Paleozoic source rocks in the Tarim basin. Correlating the δ13C values of oils exploited in the Tarim basin, the original organism assemblages, and δ13Ckerogen values of source rocks, it implied that the Lower Paleozoic oils exploited in the Tarim basin should be sourced from the source rocks with original organism assemblages dominated by planktonic algae, and the hydrocarbon sourced from the Cambrian benthic algae should be of great exploration potential in future. Original organism assemblages in source rocks can provide important clues for oil-source rocks correlation, especially for the source rocks with high thermal maturity.     

塔里木新元古代盆地演化与下寒武统烃源岩发育的构造背景

下寒武统优质烃源岩的分布一直是塔里木盆地油气勘探的难点问题。在区域构造演化背景分析基础上,利用露头和新的钻井、地震资料,通过地层对比、构造解释和古地貌恢复,探讨了塔里木新元古代盆地原型、古构造及下寒武统烃源岩发育的构造背景。研究认为塔里木盆地西缘的柯坪和叶城地区,新元古代经历了陆内断陷到初始被动大陆边缘的盆地演化序列,而在塔东北的库鲁克塔格地区,主要以裂谷及其衰退期的拗陷为特征。地震反射特征进一步显示在塔里木陆内也具有相似的成盆作用,南华纪断陷具有清楚的垒、堑结构,震旦纪以后以拗陷阶段的均衡沉降为主。发生在晚震旦世末的柯坪运动造成全区抬升,奠定了塔里木盆地寒武系沉积前的构造古地貌,总体表现为西高东低,南高北低,控制了下寒武统烃源岩的形成、分布。塔西台地内中-下寒武统出现大面积增厚,可能与晚震旦世以后继承性的沉降作用有关,形成有利于玉尔吐斯组类型的碳酸盐质陆棚相烃源发育的沉积环境。而西山布拉克-西大山组类型的深水陆棚-盆地相的泥质烃源岩不仅在满加尔坳陷内发育,还可能在阿瓦提坳陷内分布。尽管中央隆起带大部分地区不利于优质烃源岩发育,但不能排除局部地区仍可能存在下寒武统泻湖相烃源岩。与盆地北部高碳酸盐岩含量的烃源岩不同,塔里木南缘改造边界附近具有形成高碎屑岩含量的深水泥质烃源岩的构造-沉积环境。