乌鲁木齐地区现今构造应力场综合分析

乌鲁木齐地处天山中段.震源机制解研究表明,北天山中段区域主压应力方向为N10°E左右,且具有自西向东逐渐东偏的特点.在乌鲁木齐地区,由中强地震震源机制解反演的主压应力方向为N15°-20°E;由断层滑动资料反演的乌鲁木齐周边构造应力场的主压应力方向为N17°W-N2°E.上述两种资料反演的乌鲁木齐构造应力场主压应力方向...     

芦山地震序列震源机制及其构造应力场空间变化

利用近震波形拟合方法获得2013年芦山Ms7.0地震序列共37个余震的震源机制解及其深度(3.4≤Mw≤5.1).大部分地震震源机制以逆冲为主,有个别走滑型地震.震源深度主要分布在10~20 km范围.在稳定可靠的震源机制解基础上,用阻尼线性逆推法,划分不同间距网格,分别计算研究区平均构造应力场.结果表明,芦山及其周边地区的应力状态以挤压为主,应力性质主要为逆冲型,但局部地区出现走滑应力性质,最大主应力方向主体呈NW-SE,不同深度的构造应力性质和方向在局部地区存在一定差异.对比分析汶川地震震源区一带的构造应力场,龙门山断裂带西南段,除北西向小鱼洞破裂带外(最大主压应力和最小主压应力近水平,应力性质以走滑为主),其应力状态基本一致,以挤压为主,应力性质主要是逆冲型,有少量走滑型,最大主应力方向与龙门山构造带近垂直.     

利用GPS和震源机制解研究青藏块体东北部构造应力场方向变化特征

利用1970年以来至今青藏块体东北部大量的震源机制解,分时间统计其主压应力方位并求其归一化分布。根据P轴的优势分布方位,推测其主压应力方向。同时,借助有限元方法,利用GPS大地水平形变观测资料,把1999年以来青藏块体东北部大量的GPS资料经过解算,计算其最大主应变率场及最大剪切应变率场。将震源机制解P轴的主压应力方向和GPS计算的最大主应力方向进行对比,分析青藏块体东北部构造应力场随时空的变化特点及时空差异性,探讨震源机制解P轴的优势分布方位、GPS资料的最大主应力方向与地震孕育之间的关系。     

欧亚地震带现代构造应力场及其分区特征

利用美国哈佛大学矩心矩张量目录中的2818个地震的震源机制解资料,分析了欧亚地震带及其5个分区现代构造应力场的基本特征,给出了5个分区的震源机制主压应力方向分布图。结果表明:①欧亚地震带以逆断型和走滑型断层活动为主;②地中海地震区以走滑断层活动为主,主压应力方向为SSW向;③伊朗—阿富汗—巴基斯坦地震区以逆断型断层活动为主,主压应力优势方向为NNE—NS向;④喜马拉雅地震以逆断型为主,主压应力优势方向为NS和NE向;⑤川—滇—缅地震区以走滑断层活动为主,主应力场方向为NNE向;⑥印度尼西亚地震区以逆断型断层活动为主,主压应力优势方向为NE—SSW向。各分区的主压应力方向明显受其所在区域板块运动的影响,由此推测板块运动可能是产生欧亚地震带构造应力的主要力源。     

2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震序列震源区二维构造应力场特征研究

使用近震波形反演方法求解2019年6月17日四川长宁Ms6.0地震序列的震源机制解和震源深度, 共得到30个可靠的M>3.0地震震源机制解和震源深度, 结合该地区已有的震源机制解, 开展震源区构造应力场反演, 小尺度探讨震源区的构造应力环境。 反演结果显示, 震中附近区域主要以逆冲型应力性质为主, 局部地区包括少量走滑分量以及混合类型。 最大主压应力方向主要以NEE向或NE向为主。 在筠连以东地区, 不同于北部的逆冲型, 应力性质以走滑型兼少量混合类型为主, 最大主压应力方向近EW向。 构造应力场方向与形成长宁背斜的构造应力存在一定交角, 2019年长宁6.0级地震可能是由NE或NEE向近水平应力挤压产生的该地区滑脱面之上背斜核部的逆断层活动造成的。     

云南地区中小地震震源机制及构造应力场研究

利用云南数字地震台网记录的区域波形资料， 通过波形反演确定了发生在云南地区的33次中小地震的震源机制. 结果表明，在川滇菱形块体内部及边界附近的地震以走滑为主，由震源机制得到的主压应力方向从北到南由北北西-南南东方向转向近南北向，张应力轴方向则主要表现为北东东-南西西或北东 南西向；在青藏高原东部地区，主压应力方向从青藏高原内部向外成放射状展布，张应力方向大多与该地区的弧形构造平行. 在28N附近地区，主压应力轴和张应力轴方向都存在较大的变化，其分界线似与龙门山断裂向西南方向的延长线相对应. 川滇菱形块体之外的地震的主压应力轴和张应力轴方向与块体内部的方向存在一定的差异. 通过与哈佛大学中强地震震源机制结果的对比发现，云南地区中小地震震源机制的反演结果与强震震源机制的结果有较好的一致性，表明中小地震的震源机制可用于该地区区域构造应力场的研究.      

三峡及邻区构造应力场与震源机制解及其关系的初步讨论

本文根据实际资料的讨论,认为三峡及邻区的现今水平构造应力场的主压应力轴为北东东向,是喜马拉雅期构造应力场的继续。由震源机制解求出的主压应力轴为北北东向和北西向。震源机制解的主应力是在区域构造应力场北东东向主压应力作用下,使得该区北北西—北西向构造系的有关结构面进一步发生剪切破裂错动和地震时产生发射波的主应力。或者是己释放了能量的那部分形变中所具有的主应力。它与区域构造应力场不能等同。     

大同地区3次地震序列构造应力张量变化特征的研究

利用1989~2002年间3次大同地震序列中共计700多次中小地震的震源机制解资料,应用Gephart(1990)的应力张量反演方法研究了这3次地震序列的构造应力张量的总体变化特征和时序变化特征,研究发现3次主震发生前震源及附近地区的构造应力作用较强,主震发生前后,应力方向存在细节差异,但是最大主压应力方向与华北地区的构造应力场方向基本一致,只有1999年震前阶段的最大主压应力方向为226°(SW向),分析认为这可能是华北地区构造应力场与大同地区局部构造应力场相互作用的结果。     

用震源机制解确定东北地区地壳应力场

利用中、强震震源机制资料和区域小震平均解给出了中国东北地区地壳应力场的分布。由多个震源机制的平均结果得到,东北南部地区(42°30’以南)主压应力方向为NE70°。东北中部地区(吉林省和黑龙江省东南部)主压应力方向近似NE100°,它与深源地震震源机制解P轴一致,可能该区应力场分布受深源地震影响,东北北部地区(黑龙江省和内蒙北部)主压应力方向为NE58°。东北地区浅源地震震源机制解P轴仰角大多数小于30°,表明该区以水平应力为主。由震源机制结果也讨论了中国东北地区地震断层活动状况。     

基于MSATSI的辽宁地区构造应力场特征

震源机制解与构造应力场有着密切的联系.通过收集整理并使用格点尝试法求取到1971至2020年辽宁及邻区2.5～7.3级地震的震源机制解共计319个.据此使用MSATSI软件包反演计算辽宁地区1;×1°° 精细度的构造应力场.结果显示,辽宁地区最大主压应力轴最优解的优势方位为NEE向,不确定范围相对较稳定.最小主压应力轴...     

应用震源机制方法研究鹤岗煤田开采区的构造应力环境

求解鹤岗强矿震震源机制解结果,表现出走滑伴随逆断层和正断层活动、非双力偶型的多样性。两组节面优势分布方向和节面的倾角优势分布不显著,两者分布无明显规律,反映出矿井下破裂面比较复杂。矿震震源主压应力释放优势方向北西310°左右,优势倾角为25°～60°;主张应力轴走向NE,主张应力场优势方向为北东60°左右,仰角在30～70°之间;中等应力轴(N)近于垂直,优势倾角为70～90°。矿震震源机制解显示的矿区最大主应力方向与区域构造应力场的最大主应力方向近似正交,矿震震源机制主应力轴优势倾角远大于区域构造地震,反映的是矿区采煤生产的次生构造应力环境重力应力场的贡献明显。     

2009年云南姚安6.0级地震震源机制与发震构造的分析研究

利用P波、SV波、SH波初动及其振幅比联合反演震源机制解的方法,计算了2009年7月9日发生在云南姚安6.0级地震余震序列的震源机制解,同时结合地震序列的空间分布,对姚安6.0级地震的发震断层性质和震区应力场特征进行综合分析。结果分析表明：（1）姚安6.0级地震发震断层为NWW—SEE向的直立右旋走滑断层,与美国哈佛大学的主震CMT解节面基本一致,也与余震优势方向分布一致,证明结果可靠;（2）震区主压应力场优势方向为NNW—SSE向,与其现今区域构造应力场主压应力NNW—SSE向一致,表明主震应力场主要受到现今区域构造应力场的控制,同时还有一些小的余震与主震应力场不同,表明震区应力场的多样性和复杂性;（3）结合本次地震序列的空间分布、震源机制解特征、震区断裂构造特征综合分析,综合判定姚安6.0级地震的发震构造属于马尾箐断裂。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCAL MECHANISMS AND STRESS FIELD OF YUNNAN AREA

Using the seismic waveform data recorded by regional seismic network of Yunnan and Sichuan and the method of CAP, we calculate and obtain the focal mechanism of 268 earthquakes with the magnitude of M_L≥4.0 occurring in Yunnan during Jan. 1999 to Aug. 2014; then, we analyze the types and the regional feature of the focal mechanism of earthquakes in Yunnan, on the basis of the focal mechanism of 109 earthquakes analyzed by Harvard University. Based on the data of the above focal mechanism solutions, we adopt the method of damped regional-scale stress inversion to calculate the best-fitting tectonic stress tensor of every grid in Yunnan; and adopt the method of maximum principal stress to calculate the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress in Yunnan. The result shows that: (1)the strike-slip type is the most principal type of the earthquake focus in the study area and the second is the normal faulting type; while, the reverse-fault type is relatively small. The spatial distribution of focal mechanism is obvious. This reflects that the dynamic source and acting force are different in different parts of the study area. (2)The direction of the stress field in Yunnan shows a certain spatial continuity. Maximum horizontal principal compressive stress is mainly clockwise from north to south and counterclockwise from the west to the east. The direction of stress field shows inhomogeneity in space. There exist two stress conversion zones respectively in EW and NS direction. The inversion result of stress field shows that the stress field in Yunnan is complex and the principal stress direction changes greatly; and there are obvious differences in different regions.     

构造"稳定"区强震长期预测的简便途径--以张北地震为例

作为强震长期预测基础的地震带、潜在震源区的划分,仍然依据地震构造类比和地震活动重复两原则。现有的强震长期预测方法在构造“稳定”区,即没有活动构造、没有历史地震(包括古地震)资料的条件下,无能为力。通过张北地震资料的分析,高精度地震定位并结合波形数据反演震源机制的结果表明：在稳定而统一的构造应力场的作用下,沿其最大剪切应力方向上的小地震集中成带,并且持续活动、震源机制的优势取向与应力场吻合,小震带便可以看作属于现今活动的震源断层,在地震长期预测工作中可以作为划分潜在震源区的依据。构造“稳定”区发生的强震属于新破裂。     

STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN

On October 17, 2014, a M_S6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo M_S6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with M_L ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature.     

云南禄劝地震震源处的应力场求解

采用前人反演得到的云南禄劝地震的地震矩张量和主震及部分余震的震源机制解,以该主震震中为中心在全球CMT目录中查询到的部分地震的震源机制解,先将地震矩张量转化为震源机制解,运用精细网格搜索反演方法将震源机制解反演得到禄劝地震和其周边地区的应力场。对反演得出的两个应力场进行差异性对比研究,结果表明禄劝地震震源处主压应力场为NNW—SSE向,主压应力与主张应力相当,周边地区的主压应力方向为NW—SE,断层破裂面倾角大,以走滑正断层为主,主压应力占优势。但是由于云南地区主要由NNW—SSE和NW—SE方向的主压应力控制,并受本文所选的周边地区的经纬度及所处地区的控制,所以该区域在总体上受NW—SE方向的压应力控制,局部地区受NNW—SSE方向的压应力控制。该结果可以用来分析该地区的地震地质背景和断层形成条件,对地球动力环境的研究有一定的意义。     

利用GPS观测研究山西断陷带现今构造应力场变化与地震活动

基于1999—2007年山西断陷带GPS站点位移速率,采用格林函数法计算了山西断陷带地壳10 km深处的最大主应力和最大剪应力变化,并与区域地质构造、中强地震活动及其震源机制解等对比分析,结果表明:山西断陷带中强地震活动受区域构造应力场的控制,现今应力场变化强烈的区域,地震活动水平相对较高,地震震源机制与构造应力场变化...     

2012年2月16日河源M4.8级地震

通过地震序列特征分析初步判断认为,河源ML4.8级地震与库水位变化的对应关系不明显,短期内震中区发生更大地震的可能性很小。现场宏观调查结果显示,极震区Ⅵ度等震线长轴为北北西向,震源机制解所反映的震源应力场主压应力方向为北西西向,与区域构造应力场方向一致;地震的发震构造应为北北西向,但震中区附近并无此组断裂出露地表,因此河源ML4.8级地震的成因,仍然值得深入研究。     

Characteristics of recent tectonic stress field in Jiashi, Xinjiang and adjacent regions

Introduction The Pamirs region where Jiashi is located is one of the most active regions of continental plate dynamics in China. Frequent earthquakes here, especially several strong earthquakes oc- curred in 1997 and 2003, have provided excellent conditions for studying the tectonic stress field in this region and a large number of results (GAO and WEN, 2000; GAO et al, 2004; XU, 2001; ZHOU et al, 2001) have been obtained. Although different methods and data were used, under- standings …