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水利水电钻探是工程地质勘察的重要技术手段,通过钻探方式获取的工程地质资料是水利水电工程规划、设计和施工的重要依据。近年来,钻探技术在实践过程中不断发展和革新,包括随钻压水试验技术,自振法抽水试验技术,砂层、软土层和卵砾石层钻进及取样技术,大顶角斜孔钻进技术,声波钻探技术,全液压动力头式钻机,浅海钻探技术,水利水电帷幕灌浆自动记录仪等,掌握、合理选择和应用这些钻探技术方法对于优化水利水电工程勘察有着重要经济效益和社会效益。 本文还论述了水利水电工程钻探技术发展趋势。 相似文献
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水利水电工程是一项系统工程,涉及面广,影响范围大,地质灾害与地质环境及工程建设活动密切相关,既相互依存,相互作用,又相互影响,地质灾害类型相对较多,对工程的影响也各不相同。加强地质灾害的预防对促进水利水电工程建设健康协调发展具有重要而深远的意义。本文在对水利水电工程地质灾害进行成因分析的基础上,对地质灾害综合预防与地质环境保护措施进行探讨。 相似文献
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本文主要以2019年的高分一号卫星(以下简称GF-1)遥感数据为基础,同时收集了1990年、2000年、2010年的ETM数据用以辅助遥感解译工作,查明了东南亚跨境区境内28×104 km2范围内重大工程分布情况,发现研究区重大工程活动主要为水电(水利)工程、交通工程,还有一些矿山工程活动。查明了重大工程扰动滑坡的最新发育分布状况,发现区内对人居环境构成直接威胁的滑坡多达1373处,其中水电工程诱发625处,交通工程诱发723处,矿山工程诱发22处,口岸工程诱发3处。与地质环境的相关分析表明,区内重大工程扰动滑波多发育在海拔0~3000 m之间,坡度25°以上的人类活动频繁的阳坡,岩性主要为软岩、硬岩及软硬相间的工程地质岩组。 相似文献
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钻探是水利水电工程勘探中获取地下信息最直接、最重要的手段,钻探质量对水利工程的投资和安全具有极其重大的影响。绳索取心是提高钻探质量十分重要的技术,在国土资源、冶金、煤炭等部门得到了广泛的应用。但是将该技术应用于水利水电工程勘探还存在压水试验、绳索取心钻具不匹配、冲洗液限制等问题。通过对上述问题的分析和研究,提出了解决思路和方法,且在工程实践中取得了良好的效果。特别是研究设计的不提大钻压水试验方法,将压水试验和绳索取心钻进有机地结合在一起,很好地解决了绳索取心钻进难以适应水利水电勘探的关键技术难题。 相似文献
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TGP隧道地震波预报系统与技术 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
隧道工程是铁路、公路和水利水电等大型工程项目中的重要部分,因地质条件不明造成隧道施工事故的危害是巨大的,加强隧道施工地质超前预报工作是非常必要的。国内外对隧道地震波超前预报技术研究已多年,笔者就这方面的现状及及问题进行了讨论,指出了TSP技术存在的不足,阐述了克服盲目性,提高科学预报的重要性,介绍了新开发的TGP隧道地震预报系统与技术及应用效果。 相似文献
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依据渭河上游实测水文资料和水利水保措施统计数据, 分析了流域水文要素和水利水保措施的变化规律。根据双累积曲线、 有序聚类、 Lee-Heghinan、 滑动T检验等方法, 结合流域内水利水保措施的变化, 将研究期分为基准期(1956 - 1981年)和措施期(1982 - 2016年)。采用水量平衡法, 分析还原了河流天然径流量和输沙量, 评价了水利工程取用耗水的减水减沙作用; 分别建立拟合了基准期和措施期年径流量、 年输沙量与年降水量的相关公式, 分析计算了措施期的减水减沙效应。结果表明: 基准期主要为水利工程减水减沙, 分别减水6.8%, 减沙3.9%; 措施期综合减水效应42.9%, 综合减沙效应76.5%, 水保措施减水减沙效应大于水利工程减水减沙效应, 综合减沙效应大于综合减水效应。 相似文献
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XU Mo ZHANG Qiang KANG Xiao-bing ZHANG Shi-shu QI Ji-hong YANG Yan-na GUO Jian 《地下水科学与工程》2016,4(4):310-319
Engineering-hydrogeological problems arise from the interaction between engineering activities and geological environment, in which rock-soil mass and groundwater are especially important constituents. However, up-to-date research on them is relatively dispersive and simple due to their complexity and lack of comprehensive and systematic study methods. Starting from geological analysis of mechanism to geological model based on geological regularities, the paper predicts the tendency of geological evolvement and puts forward proper measures to solve problems. In this paper, elevated water-sensitive structure in rock-soil mass, which mainly causes engineering hydrogeological problems, and problems in hydropower is discussed based on unique construction in Chinese Western hydropower projects. Engineering hydrogeological problems are reservoir induced earthquakes leakage from reservoir bottom in karst, stability of high slope at reservoir banks, sliding of dam foundation and dam abutment, and confined water at key positions which are introduced and determined by using water-sensitive factors (or structure) according to special hydrogeological conditions. 相似文献
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Leakage at the Wanyao dam body was studied using a combined approach of field exploration, hydrochemical analysis and tracer testing. The objective of study was to determine the location of the water leakage paths at the dam. A hydraulic connection was observed between exploration boreholes of dam crest and drain holes at drainage gallery during the period of drilling. This connection shows that there were some defects in the dam. The hydrochemical compositions and characteristics of the water samples involved the main anions and cations, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH and water temperature which were analyzed and evaluated by correlation and cluster analysis. The results indicated that a close hydraulic connection existed between water from the dam body and reservoir water, particularly reservoir water from Sections III and IX. Tracer testing results demonstrated further existence of leakage paths between reservoir water and Sections III and IX. Also, there were multiple leakage paths in Section IX compared with a single path of Section III. Furthermore, the leakage location of upstream concrete faces in the vertical and horizontal directions was determined accurately with the measured electrical conductivity of receiving points. The experimental data provide a strong foundation and basis for maintaining and reinforcing the dam. 相似文献
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Bai-Shan Li Pei-Jiang Zhou Xi-Yuan Wang Liandong Zhu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):692-700
Hanjiang river is the longest river in Yangtze river basin, having high economic importance to China for its economically exploitable hydropower and potential water resources. In an attempt to satisfy China’s economic and social development needs, the Chinese government has established cascade dams and four relative water diversion projects in Hanjiang river, which aims at transferring water from south (Hanjiang river) to north (water-stricken areas). However, there are increasing eco-environmental concerns associated with the establishment and development of cascade hydropower. In this study, the opportunities and eco-environmental influences related to Hanjiang river’s cascade hydropower development are explored and then recommendations are put forward to minimize the potential impacts. The implementation of vigorous projects related to hydropower and water diversion has an important role to play in solving flood, energy and water shortage problems. In addition, the eco-environmental and socio-economic impacts on the middle and downstream and its diversion can be relieved to some degree in the area. However, the establishment of projects can cause several impacts on the local eco-environment. First, Danjiangkou reservoir construction can cause change in water flow, water bloom, soil erosion in the river basin. Second, it can directly lead to the decrease of 10.5 billion cubic meters of water in the middle- and downstream areas, threatening the local supply of drinking water and influencing farming irrigation and industrial production. Finally, the construction of cascade hydropower dams can change the water form and fish stocks may reduce threatening eco-environment security and environmental geology. 相似文献
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渗漏是严重影响堤坝安全的主要形式,确定渗漏通道的位置是进行堤坝渗漏整治的前提和基础。温度场探测堤坝渗漏的研究是其中一种较便捷的方法,但是在理论上还需要进一步完善。在库水和地下水存在着温度差异的基础上,考虑堤坝发生集中渗漏后,渗漏通道中的地下水与周围土体进行热量交换,造成渗流通道附近地层温度发生改变,建立起温度场对渗漏通道的反演模型。在前人研究的基础上,考虑地温梯度的影响,可以建立有集中渗漏通道影响下的二维热传导方程,进而以现场测井的温度数据作为边界条件,对泛定方程进行求解,最终得到渗漏通道的位置。计算结果和实测结果的对比表明,通过温度场反推渗漏通道参数的方法是可行的。 相似文献
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影响大吨位预应力长锚索锚固力损失的因素分析 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
通过对水利水电工程岩体加固中常采用的大吨位预应力长锚索锚固力变化规律的分析,详细讨论了影响预应力锚索锚固力变化的钢材松弛、岩体强度与性质、施工质量、锚索结构与环境变化等因素,得出了不同影响因素对预应力长锚索锚固过程中锚固力损失的影响效应。观察表明,引起锚索锚固力损失的最主要因素是岩体的变形与施工质量。根据岩锚实测资料的统计分析,进一步提出了各影响因素与锚固力损失间相应的经验关系,最后,提出了控制锚固力损失的工程措施,可供相关锚索设计与施工时的参考。 相似文献
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笔者首先从地学角度阐明长江流域的特大洪水泛滥在人类出现之前即已有之。所以,单靠维原有自然状态尚不跳以防止咱中及长江中下游洪灾;在上游设置具有足够调洪能力的水利工程也是必要的和紧迫的措施。根据四川盆地及其周转的水资源状况、工程地质条件和对环境工程地质问题的预测,笔者认为,在盆地北部边缘山区的嘉陵江(主要是涪江和渠江)上游修建拦蓄工程,不但可消除川中旱洪灾害,同时将大大地减轻长江中下游的洪灾威胁。为此 相似文献