月牙泉水位变化的原因分析

详细分析了月牙泉的水位变化规律,认为月牙泉水位变化的主要原因是党河水库的修建,高标准输水渠道的修建,敦煌盆地机井数量及开采量的增加,导致了区域地下水补给量的减少、开采量的增大,期间地下水处于负均衡状态。分析表明：人为因素是导致月牙泉水位变化最直接也是最根本的原因。     

敦煌月牙泉湖水位下降治理研究

敦煌鸣沙山月牙泉以“山泉共处,沙水共生”的奇妙景观著称于世,被誉为“塞外风光之一绝”,是甘肃省著名风景名胜区。但从20世纪70年代中期开始,由于党河水库的修建,河道断流,地下水补给量减少,区域地下水位下降,引起月牙泉湖水位急剧下降,泉湖底多次部分露出水面,造成周围地质环境恶化,严重影响敦煌旅游业的发展,引起社会广泛关注。自1986年开始,有关部门多次对月牙泉湖实施抢救措施。笔者阐述了月牙泉湖水文地质条件、水位下降的原因及治理过程,运用FEFLOW软件模拟分析预测月牙泉湖不同治理方案情况下,月牙泉湖水位及面积变化情况。2018年4月,月牙泉湖治理工程实施后,月牙泉湖水面逐渐上升扩大,效果良好。月牙泉湖水位下降治理的成功经验对于西北干旱地区环境治理与修复具有典型的示范和推广价值。     

敦煌月牙泉湖水位持续下降原因及对策分析

在分析月牙泉湖水文地质条件的基础上，依据实际调查资料和前人研究成果，定量分析了月牙泉湖水位持续下降的原因，认为地表水开采量的不断增加和水资源利用率的不断提高所引起的区域性地下水位持续下降是月牙泉湖水位下降的主要原因，超采地下水所引起的储存资源的减少是导致月牙泉湖地下水位下降的次要原因。遏止月牙泉湖水位继续下降并逐步回升的关键是增加湖区上游地下水的补给量和减少党河灌区开采量，为此提出了农业节水和引哈济党二种治理方案，但就月牙泉湖水位恢复速度和时间及取得的社会、生态及经济效益而言，引哈济党方案优先。     

敦煌月牙泉湖近百年水位变化及其原因分析

敦煌月牙泉形成于第四纪全新世,距今约12 ka。因泉湖地处鸣沙山环抱之中,形似月牙并兼具沙水共生的淡水泉湖特征,成为世界瞩目的自然地理环境的重要地质遗迹。对月牙泉湖近百年水位动态变化进行了综合分析,认为月牙泉湖水位动态变化的综合原因可归结为气候和人为因素。1960年开始农业打井灌溉、党河水库和渠系的修建导致地下水补、排失衡,到2001年月牙泉湖水位下降9. 98 m,年均下降0. 24 m,致使区域性地下水位的下降是造成月牙泉湖水位下降的主要原因,气温的升高加大蒸发量是月牙泉湖水位动态变化的次要原因。通过月牙泉人工补水工程,2018~2019年月牙泉湖水位上升1. 58 m,湖水域面积由9472. 59 m2逐渐扩大到13334. 75 m2,昔日古人心中美丽的月牙泉面貌再次展现在我们的眼前。     

月牙泉水位应急治理工程5月完工

由于周边地区生态环境恶化,从20世纪60年代至今,甘肃省敦煌市鸣沙山月牙泉水位总下降幅度达6—7m,水域面积大幅缩减。为拯救呜沙山月牙泉这一神奇的大漠景观,总投资4100万元的月牙泉水位下降应急治理工程,于2007年初正式启动运行。应急治理工程在月牙泉周围修建四个渗水场向地下渗水,通过提高月牙泉周围的地下水位,保持并提高月牙泉的水位。     

小农水经费解决途径

改革机井管理实行租赁经营隆尧县白家寨村委会大胆探索,引进竞争机制,对机井管理实行租赁承包,一年来取得了明显效果。这个村地处黑龙港平原深水区,有耕地7586亩,水浇地3000亩,机井14眼,配套机井6眼,水地主要靠4眼深井,是个“国家拿钱、群众种田”的典型。近几年由于机井管理不善和水位下降等原因,出现了浇地难     

秦皇岛平原区地下水动态特征分析及对策研究

本文通过对秦皇岛地下水水位年际、年内动态及地下水流场的变化规律进行统计分析,并根据秦皇岛地下水资源开发利用实际情况,确定地下水动态的类型:降水入渗—开采型,在此基础上分析地下水水位下降所引发的海水入侵等环境地质问题,提出应建立健全地下水监控系统、调整优化机井布局、寻找替代水源及建设节水型社会等措施保护地下水资源,以期实现地下水的合理开发利用。     

基于地下水流场和含水介质分析的敦煌月牙泉成因研究

在分析月牙泉多年动态变化趋势的基础上,依据最新水文地质勘探资料和编绘的月牙泉周围年丰水期、枯水期地下水等水位线图,从地下水流场和含水介质的角度分析研究了月牙泉形成原因。月牙泉上游地下水基本呈自西南向东北径流,在地势低洼的沙漠丘间地带出露形成月牙泉;地下水补给来源为上游党河右岸黑山咀子东侧浅层地下潜水的侧向径流,黑山咀子至月牙泉之间的地下水水力坡度在丰水期为4. 813‰,枯水期为 4. 622‰;月牙泉泉水与周边地下水是统一的水力系统;月牙泉附近含水层是党河冲洪积层的连续的过渡关系,泉水出露形成是含水层与特殊地形地貌结合的产物。     

贵州槽谷斜坡地带富水特征及岩溶水勘查开发——以务川县黄都断裂富水构造为例

贵州务川县黄都为贵州斜坡槽谷地带的典型代表,区内缺水比较严重。由于受黄都阻水断裂的控制,在断层上盘一带的地下水异常丰富、水位埋藏浅,易于机井工程开发利用。通过对黄都断裂富水构造特征及机井工程开发利用地下水经验进行分析、总结,为该区及其它类似区域地下水开发提供了参考。     

贵州槽谷斜坡地带富水特征及岩溶水勘查开发——以务川县黄都断裂富水构造为例

贵州务川县黄都为贵州斜坡槽谷地带的典型代表,区内缺水比较严重。由于受黄都阻水断裂的控制,在断层上盘一带的地下水异常丰富、水位埋藏浅,易于机井工程开发利用。通过对黄都断裂富水构造特征及机井工程开发利用地下水经验进行分析、总结,为该区及其它类似区域地下水开发提供了参考。     

Groundwater sustainability and groundwater/surface-water interaction in arid Dunhuang Basin,northwest China

The Dunhuang Basin, a typical inland basin in northwestern China, suffers a net loss of groundwater and the occasional disappearance of the Crescent Lake. Within this region, the groundwater/surface-water interactions are important for the sustainability of the groundwater resources. A three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model was established and calibrated using MODFLOW 2000, which was used to predict changes to these interactions once a water diversion project is completed. The simulated results indicate that introducing water from outside of the basin into the Shule and Danghe rivers could reverse the negative groundwater balance in the Basin. River-water/groundwater interactions control the groundwater hydrology, where river leakage to the groundwater in the Basin will increase from 3,114?×?10⁴ m³/year in 2017 to 11,875?×?10⁴ m³/year in 2021, and to 17,039?×?10⁴ m³/year in 2036. In comparison, groundwater discharge to the rivers will decrease from 3277?×?10⁴ m³/year in 2017 to 1857?×?10⁴ m³/year in 2021, and to 510?×?10⁴ m³/year by 2036; thus, the hydrology will switch from groundwater discharge to groundwater recharge after implementing the water diversion project. The simulation indicates that the increased net river infiltration due to the water diversion project will raise the water table and then effectively increasing the water level of the Crescent Lake, as the lake level is contiguous with the water table. However, the regional phreatic evaporation will be enhanced, which may intensify soil salinization in the Dunhuang Basin. These results can guide the water allocation scheme for the water diversion project to alleviate groundwater depletion and mitigate geo-environmental problem.     

巴尔喀什湖水量平衡研究

巴尔喀什-阿拉湖流域是中亚地区重要和独特的景观生态系统,巴尔喀什湖是该区域的核心,其水位变化作为巴尔喀什湖流域生态系统及其保护的主要指标,向来备受世人关注.研究巴尔喀什湖水量平衡,对合理确定巴尔喀什湖生态系统保护目标及保护措施,具有十分重要的理论与现实意义.在明晰巴尔喀什湖水系、水位影响因素的基础上,构建了巴尔喀什湖水...     

Estimating groundwater inflow and leakage outflow for an intermontane lake with a structurally complex geology: Georgetown Lake in Montana,USA

Stable isotopes of the water molecule (δ¹⁸O and δD) for groundwater, lake water, streams, and precipitation were coupled with physical flux measurements to investigate groundwater–lake interactions and to establish a water balance for a structurally complex lake. Georgetown Lake, a shallow high-latitude high-elevation lake, is located in southwestern Montana, USA. The lake is situated between two mountain ranges with highlands primarily to the east and south of the lake and a lower valley to the west. An annual water balance and (δ¹⁸O and δD) isotope balance were used to quantify annual groundwater inflows of 2.5?×?10⁷ m³/year and lake leakage outflows of 1.6?×?10⁷ m³/year. Roughly, 57% of total inflow to the lake is from groundwater, and 37% of total outflow at Georgetown Lake is groundwater. Stable isotopes of groundwater and springs around the lake and surrounding region show that the east side of the lake contains meteoric water recharged annually from higher mountain sources, and groundwater discharge to the lake occurs through this region. However, springs located in the lower western valley and some of the surrounding domestic wells west of the lake show isotopic enrichment indicative of strong to moderate evaporation similar to Georgetown Lake water. This indicates that some outflowing lake water recharges groundwater through the underlying west-dipping bedrock in the region.     

Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in Arak plain,Markazi province,Iran

With current trends of groundwater exploitation, the plains of Iran have been facing numerous problems, where subsidence is considered as the foremost obstacle. In the present study, the principle aim was to analyze the level of groundwater and induced subsidence effects in different regions of Arak plain from 2002 to 2008. Arak plain located in Meyghan Lake basin is subjected to subsidence process as a result of the declining groundwater levels. Monthly variations of groundwater levels were plotted using ArcGIS software. The results indicated declining water levels especially in Meyghan Lake than the Arak plains, resulting up to 36 m of drop in the groundwater levels of marginal areas in the plains during these years.     

Geochemical,isotopic and hydrological mass balance approaches to constrain the lake water–groundwater interaction in Dal Lake,Kashmir Valley

It is important to have qualitative as well as quantitative understanding of the hydraulic exchange between lake and groundwater for effective water resource management. Dal, a famous urban fresh water lake, plays a fundamental role in social, cultural and economic dynamics of the Kashmir Valley. In this paper geochemical, isotopic and hydrological mass balance approaches are used to constrain the lake water–groundwater interaction of Dal Lake and to identify the sources of lake water. Water samples of precipitation (n = 27), lake water (n = 18) and groundwater (n = 32) were collected across the lake and its catchment for the analysis of δ¹⁸O and δ²H. A total of 444 lake water samples and 440 groundwater samples (springs, tube wells and dug wells) were collected for the analysis of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃ ^?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?, NO₃ ^?, Na⁺ and K⁺. Water table and lake water level were monitored at 40 observation locations in the catchment. Water table map including pH and EC values corroborate and verify the gaining nature of the Dal Lake. Stable isotopes of lake water in Boddal and Gagribal basins showed more deviation from the global meteoric water line than Hazratbal and Nigeen basins, indicating the evaporation of lake water. The isotopic and geochemical mass balance suggested that groundwater contributes a significant proportion (23–40%) to Dal Lake. The estimated average groundwater contribution to Dal Lake ranged from 31.2 × 10³ to 674 × 10³ m³ day^?1 with an average of 276 × 10³ m³ day^?1. The study will be useful to delineate the possible sources of nutrients and pollutants entering the lake and for the management of lake water resources for sustainable development.     

近百年来西居延海湖泊水位变化的湖岸林树轮记录

通过对西居延海柽柳树轮年表与气象、水文要素进行相关分析,结果表明:标准年表和西河下游5～8月平均地下水位变化呈显著正相关,而且这一相关具有明确的生物学意义.利用标准化年表和地下水位的相关关系,重建了西居延海近100a以来5～8月的水位变化,检验表明重建结果是可靠的.结合西居延海在1960—1962年干涸的史实和重建水位变化曲线,将湖岸林柽柳树轮年表涵盖的近百年分为湖水水位和地下水水位变化两个时期.其中湖水水位上升阶段为1932—1952、1956—1958年,下降阶段为1920—1932、1952—1956、1958—1960年,持续时间分别为20a、2a、12a、5a和2a;地下水水位上升阶段为1974—1981、1996—1997年,下降阶段为1961—1973、1981—1995、1997—2002年,持续时间分别为8a、1a、13a、15a和5a.     

关中城市群开采地下水有关环境地质问题 及其防治对策建议

关中城市群地下水自集中开采以来区域地下水位呈整体下降趋势,主要城市集中供水水源地水位降幅30~50 m,最大超过120 m。长期过量开采地下水引起了地下水位持续下降、地面沉降、地裂缝以及水质污染等环境地质问题。近年随着城市群限制开采量,地下水水位下降及其相关环境地质问题在局部地段有所缓和。本文以50年地下水动态监测数据为基础,针对关中城市群地下水动态特征及相关的环境地质问题进行研究分析,并对预防和缓解环境地质问题、合理开发地下水资源提出建议。