新疆准噶尔盆地中侏罗世斯卡布勒果(Scarburgia)一新种

报道在新疆准噶尔盆地白杨河地区中侏罗世西山窑组首次发现的松柏类斯卡布勒果属(Scarburgia)的一个新种—白杨河斯卡布勒果(新种)。新种以果穗附属物(大孢子叶)紧密螺旋状排列、大孢子叶柄以宽角从轴上伸出、卵圆形种鳞的鳞片的顶端上卷、并具一短尖头等特征区别于斯卡布勒果属已知种。由于斯卡布勒果属以往在中国发现较少且时代大多为早白垩世,当前新种的发现是中国侏罗纪斯卡布勒果属化石的新记录。     

内蒙古宁城县道虎沟叶肢介化石群的时代

内蒙古赤峰宁城县道虎沟含丰富的叶肢介壳瓣及许多珍罕的软体化石 ,计有 1属 4种 :Euestheria ziliu-jingensis Chen,Euestheria haifanggouensis Chen,Euestheria jingyuanensis Chen,Euestheria luanpingensis Shen etNiu。这些分子都是我国中侏罗世早期自流井真叶肢介 (Euestheria ziliujingensis)动物群的重要成员 ,以个体较小、壳瓣圆或椭圆形、生长带具小网状装饰、种类单调、密集群生为特点 ,主要出现于中侏罗世早中期 (Bajocian- MiddleBothonia)。特别是 Euestheria luanpingensis Shen et Niu及其软体化石在道虎沟的发现 ,证明其层位应与冀北滦平九龙山组相当。道虎沟叶肢介群与中侏罗世晚期的假线叶肢介 (Pseudograpta)动物群的面貌相差甚远 ,与比其层位更高的大北沟组的尼斯脱叶肢介 (N estoria)动物群及义县组的东方叶肢介 (Eosestheria)动物群迥然不同 .     

A New Species of Coniopteris moguqiensis sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Eastern Inner Mongolia,China

In recent years, an increasing number of plant fossil leaves and petrified woods have been discovered from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Moguqi Town of Inner Mongolia, NE China. Here, we describe a new species of Coniopteris moguqiensis sp. nov. preserved as a fragment with fertile and sterile pinnules. The sterile ultimate pinnules are elongate ovate with sphenopteriod type venation, and fertile pinnules are usually isolated, bipinnate at least with the sorus apical, elliptical, 1 mm in diameter; sporangia are almost globular, 100–150 μm in diameter, and the annulus is vertical. In situ spores are rounded-triangular in polar view, 25–30 μm in diameter with sides straight and slightly convex; trilete, laesurae are thin and slightly straight; the exine surface is usually psilate under the light microscope but finely reticuloid sculptured on the proximal view under a scanning electronic microscope. The fern genus Coniopteris usually suggests a warm and humid environment, which is consistent with the palaeoclimatic conditions of petrified wood and megafossil plants. The new discovery further supplements the floral composition of the Wanbao Formation, providing new material for understanding the evolutionary trend and classification of Coniopteris.     

An edible fruit from the Jurassic of China

Frugivory is an important ecological tie between animals and angiosperms. It plays an important role in the evolution of food webs and energy flow networks in the ecosystem. However, little is known about how old this relationship can be due to lack of relevant fossil evidence. Here, the authors report a fossil fruit, Jurafructus gen. nov., a putative angiosperm from the Middle–Late Jurassic (>164 Ma) of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China, which provides the currently earliest evidence of frugivory. The fossil is a more or less three-dimensionally preserved coalified drupe that has been damaged by animals in two different ways. The pericarp, in addition to the seed coat surrounding parenchyma seed contents, is suggestive of an angiospermous affinity, as such a 3+3 structure is distinct from a three-layered seed coat in gymnosperms. The seed possesses a distal micropyle, attached on the base of the pericarp, suggestive of a former orthotropous ovule in the gynoecium. The damaged pericarp of Jurafructus suggests that frugivory can be dated back to the Middle–Late Jurassic. Apparently, the ecological relationship between angiosperms and animals extends deep into the fossil record.     

Pollen cone anatomy of Classostrobus crossii sp. nov. (Cheirolepidiaceae)

Discovery of a permineralized fossil cone in Mesozoic deposits of southern England provides an opportunity to document the first detailed evidence of internal pollen cone anatomy for the extinct conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae. The specimen, described here as Classostrobus crossii sp. nov., occurs in a calcareous nodule recovered from Middle Jurassic marine sediments of the Lower Callovian Sigaloceras calloviense biozone, Kellaways, near Cirencester, England. The cone is 2.0 cm long and 1.8 cm wide. Sporophylls diverge helically from the axis. Each sporophyll displays a narrow stalk and a distal lamina approx. 11 mm long that tapers to a pointed tip. There is also a basal keel that bends inward at the bottom and sides to form a shallow pocket. A single vascular bundle diverges from the cone axis, extends distally into the sporophyll stalk at the contact of two distinctly different histological zones, and further expands into the distal lamina as transfusion tracheids. Several pollen sacs are attached abaxially at the juncture of the sporophyll stalk and keel. Pollen is roughly spheroidal, 26–35 μm in diameter, with unequal polar caps separated by a striated belt with a subequatorial furrow. This specimen helps clarify the range of variation in the morphology of Mesozoic conifer pollen cones.     

A Whole Plant Herbaceous Angiosperm from the Middle Jurassic of China

In contrast to woody habit with secondary growth, truthful herbaceous habit lacking secondary growth is restricted to angiosperms among seed plants. Although angiosperms might have occurred as early as in the Triassic and herbaceous habit theoretically may have been well adopted by pioneer angiosperms, pre-Cretaceous herbs are missing hitherto, leaving the origin of herbs and evolution of herbaceous angiosperms mysterious. Here we report Juraherba bodae gen. et sp. nov, a whole plant herbaceous angiosperm, from the Middle Jurassic (>164 Ma) at Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China, a fossil Lagerst?tten that is worldwide famous for various fossil finds. The angiospermous affinity of Juraherba is ensured by its enclosed ovules/seeds. The plant is small but complete, with physically connected hairy root, stem, leaves, and fructifications. The Middle Jurassic age recommends Juraherba as the earliest record of herbaceous seed plants, demanding a refresh look at the evolutionary history of angiosperms.     

A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, China

A new theropod dinosaur,Shidaisaurusjinae gen.et sp.nov.,has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton.The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation(early Middle Jurassic)in Yunnan,China.It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan.Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase,axis,and pelvic girdle.The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China.Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described;a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.     

新疆沙尔湖煤田中侏罗世植物化石

首次报道了新疆东部沙尔湖煤田中侏罗世17 属27 种植物大化石和35 属50 种孢粉化石。该植物群以蕨类、苏铁类及本内苏铁类、银杏类为主要组成成分,时代可能为中侏罗早期。其地质古生物特征表明,该植物群生长的古环境可能为温暖潮湿并具季节性变化的暖温带的湖沼地区。     

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗统两种真叶肢介化石

本文研究了采自甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗统新河组的叶肢介化石,经室内鉴定为椭圆真叶肢介(Euestheria fabiformis)和靖远真叶肢介(Euestheria jingyuanensis),两者均为我国中侏罗世自流井真叶肢介(Euestheria ziliujingensis)动物群的重要分子。椭圆真叶肢介主要特征为壳瓣小,长椭圆形,腹缘呈宽弧状拱曲,生长带窄而密集,后端在壳顶之后依次与背缘明显相交,交角相对较大,生长带上具有较小的不规则的网孔状装饰。而靖远真叶肢介主要特征为壳瓣中等大小,呈不规则的卵形,生长带后端与背缘相汇于一点,靠近腹缘的生长带较窄,有线状装饰,其他部位的生长带有不规则的网孔状装饰。甘肃宝积山盆地叶肢介化石的研究,进一步补充了研究区中侏罗世叶肢介的化石记录,表明中侏罗世时期沉积环境有利于叶肢介的生长。     

北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界烃源岩特征及其指示的油气勘探方向

为了量化表征北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界主力烃源岩生、排烃特征,综合利用镜质体反射率(R_o)、残余有机碳含量(TOC)、岩石热解、干酪根镜检及饱和烃色谱等资料,在总结研究区烃源岩地化特征的基础上,通过油源对比明确主力烃源岩层并依托盆地模拟方法量化其生、排烃贡献.结果表明,北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界的两类原油均来源于区内中侏罗统和上侏罗统两套主力烃源岩层,其中,中侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度整体处于"好-最好"级别,上侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度则以"中等-好"为主;二者均存在早白垩世末期和早中新世两次生、排烃高峰,但上侏罗统的排烃速率[q_e(max)=27.3×106 t/Ma]远高于中侏罗统的排烃速率[q_e(max)=4.2×106 t/Ma],对研究区油气成藏的贡献更大.虽然下白垩统暗色泥岩的生烃潜力有限,但其底部砂岩与紧邻上侏罗统主力烃源岩层构成的"下生上储"式的源储配置关系是区内最重要的勘探目的层,其次为中、上侏罗统内部"自生自储"式的有利成藏组合,同时,中侏罗统下部"上生下储"式的成藏组合也应予以重视.      

A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng,Yunnan, China

A new theropod dinosaur, Shidaisaurus jinae gen. et sp. nov., has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton. The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation (early Middle Jurassic) in Yunnan, China. It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan. Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase, axis, and pelvic girdle. The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China. Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described; a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.     

Fossil-Winged Fruits of Fraxinus(Oleaceae) and Liriodendron(Magnoliaceae) from the Duho Formation,Pohang Basin,Korea

Abstract: A total of 16 specimens of fossil-winged fruits were found from the Middle Miocene marine deposits, Duho Formation, Pohang Basin, Korea. They were identified into two structurally different groups: 15 specimens into a winged fruit of Fraxinus, and one specimen of Liriodendron. The most samaras (13 specimens) were identified as Fraxinus oishii, which is characterized by narrowly ovate or ovate–elliptic shapes that are 2.7–3.6 cm in length and 0.7–1 cm in width (l/w ratio=3.4–4). The apexes of the Fraxinus oishii samara are round or slightly emarginated, and a seed of the samara is always located at the base, of which the general shape is narrow rhombic-ellipsoidal. The seed is 1.2–2 cm long and 0.5–0.7 cm wide. Two specimens are different from the samara of Fraxinus oishii. They have a 6.6 length/width ratio (3.3 cm long and 0.5 cm wide), and thus, are temporarily classified into the Fraxinus sp. One specimen was recognized as a winged seed of Liriodendron meisenense. The wing is broadly lanceolate to elliptic in shape, has a smooth, acute apex, and is approximately 3 cm long and 0.7 cm wide. Samaras of Fraxinus oishii and Liriodendron meisenense were early reported from the Middle Miocene deposits from North Korea, but these specimens are the first discovery in South Korea. Further study of the Duho Formation may connect flora relationships between North and South Korea.     

Chemometric study of functional groups in different layers of Trigonocarpus grandis ovules (Pennsylvanian seed fern, Canada)

We examined four dispersed, coalified ovules, Trigonocarpus grandis, of medullosalean seed-fern affinity from the Late Pennsylvanian age Sydney Coalfield, Canada, which represent the larger type of the 7–8 cm trigonocarpalean form species. At first glance it appears that the ovules are preserved like the usual Carboniferous foliar compressions, i.e. one coalified layer with one preserved anatomical tissue, the cuticle. However, careful sample preparation uncovered at least three coalified layers, and Schulze’s oxidative maceration process, which dissolves the coalified material, revealed several tissue layers. Altogether, eight sample forms were defined: (i) coalified layer, (ii) cuticle A, (iii) cupric + vitrain, (iv) vitrain, (v) cupric, (vi) cuticle B, (vii) alkaline solution and (viii) added coal seam material. The purpose of the study was twofold: first, to systematically analyze the forms by way of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry to fill a gap in chemical information that exits for coalified trigonocarpalean ovules of Carboniferous seed ferns; second, to use principal component analysis to focus on groupings as a function of chemical structure (functional groups) and to assess the different fossil forms in terms of FTIR chemical parameters, based on a 8 × 49 data matrix.Results include distinction among the three coaly sample forms, coalified layer (i), cupric + vitrain (iii) and cupric (v), based mainly, but not exclusively, on differences in carbonyl content, as well as length and branching of the polymethylenic chains. Important to note is the high aliphatic content of the cuticles as a signature of the biomacromolecules cutan/cutin. In particular, new insights into the structure of the original ovule are presented, and differences in chemistry are mainly a result of the complex structure of the precursor plant organ.     

藏北南羌塘盆地曲瑞恰乃地区中侏罗世色哇组、 莎巧木组、布曲组的生物地层特征

对藏北南羌塘盆地曲瑞恰乃地区的晚三叠世-侏罗纪地层进行了研究,自下而上划分为晚三叠世日干配错群,晚三叠世～早侏罗世索布查组,早侏罗世曲色组,中侏罗世色哇组、莎巧木组、布曲组、夏里组和晚侏罗世索瓦组。其中,对中侏罗世色哇组、莎巧木组、布曲组生物地层的研究为本文的主要内容,研究成果为该区中侏罗世地层层序的建立和详细对比提供了重要的依据。     

西藏羌南坳陷中侏罗统夏里组硅化木的发现及意义

首次在羌南地区的地层中发现了硅化木化石,对硅化木的基本特征进行了描述,根据孢粉组合特征,将地层定为中侏罗统夏里组,硅化木初步定为南洋杉。同时,孢粉组合的特征反映出该区中侏罗世具干旱古气候特点。结合前人晚三叠世硅化木的发现,对羌塘盆地的性质及演化提出了新的思考。     

内蒙古石拐盆地召沟组植物群及地质时代

经研究石拐盆地中侏罗统召沟组植物群由18属31种组成,分属于真蕨类、苏铁类、银杏类、茨康类和松柏类。其组成特征表明,该植物群属于中国北方温带植物地理区Coniopteris--Phoenicopsis植物群晚期组合,时代为中侏罗世早期。     

A New Genus and Species of Damsel-Dragonfly (Odonata: Isophlebioidea: Campterophlebiidae) in the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

The campterophlebiid new genus and species Ctenogampsophlebia reni is described from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. It shows close similarities with the Lower to Middle Jurassic genera Gampsophlebia, and Petrophlebia, with closed and short subdiscoidal cells, confirming the attribution of these two other genera to the Campterophlebiidae.     

江汉盆地当阳向斜区主要不整合面剥蚀厚度

本文利用磷灰石裂变径迹、(U-Th Sm)/He及镜质体反射率Ro％等古温标方法综合分析了江汉盆地当阳向斜区主要不整合面剥蚀厚度.结果表明:发育于古近纪末期不整合面T1界面累积剥蚀厚度超过1000m,且局部正反转区域如谢家湾断褶带等则遭受更大规模的剥蚀,剥蚀厚度可能超过2000m,而发育于晚侏罗世一早白垩世的不整合面T11界面累积剥蚀厚度超过4000m,且主要是晚侏罗世早白垩世构造事件的结果,表明该期剥蚀量明显大于古近纪末T1界面剥蚀量;晚三叠世—侏罗纪期间,当阳地区发育前陆坳陷带,侏罗纪堆积体具有明显东厚西薄的楔形体特征,位于盆地东部的前渊区沉积厚度可超过5000m;包括现今三叠系和侏罗系出露区以及江陵凹陷局部断隆区在内的前白垩系在侏罗纪前陆坳陷带发育时期达到最大埋深和最高古温度,其Ro％主要是该期获得的;晚白垩世—古近纪发育的断陷盆地范围可能远比现今残留盆地分布广,江陵凹陷上白垩统—古近系厚度超过9000m,其中古近系可能超过7000m,而在河溶凹陷谢家湾断褶带古近系厚度可超过3300m.     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗碱长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及其动力学意义

对内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗碱长花岗岩进行了同位素年代学及岩石地球化学研究。碱长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(166±1)Ma,表明该侵入体是中侏罗世侵位形成的。岩石学及地球化学成分显示其属于碱性、具A型花岗岩特征。岩石高硅(w(SiO₂)=74.80%~76.34%)、富碱(w(Na₂O+K₂O)=7.94%~8.71%)、高铁镁比(TFeO/MgO=13.54~24.28)、贫钙(w(CaO)=0.10%~0.21%)、贫镁(w(MgO)=0.08%~0.16%)和低钛(w(TiO₂)=0.07%~0.10%);稀土配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.09~0.17);微量元素特征显示具有较高质量分数的有Zr(128.95×10^-6~156.32×10^-6)、Yb(4.93×10^-6~5.35×10^-6)和Y(40.93×10^-6~56.75×10^-6),较低质量分数的有Sr(23.16×10^-6~37.14×10^-6)、Ba(186.13×10^-6~231.31×10^-6),在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示明显的Sr、Ba和Ti的负异常。以上特征表明,碱长花岗岩为A型花岗岩。岩石具有高的Rb/Sr值(4.26~7.81,平均为6.12)和Rb/Nb值(10.2~14.7,平均为12.7),显示出壳源岩浆的成分特征。综合分析表明,碱长花岗岩为低压下长英质地壳部分熔融的产物。w(Rb)-w(Yb+Ta)图解、w(Rb)-w(Y+Nb)图解、w(Ta)-w(Yb)图解、w(Nb)-w(Y)图解、Ce/Nb-Y/Nb图解、Ce/Nb-Yb/Ta图解及结合区域构造演化研究表明,碱长花岗岩形成于造山后伸展的构造环境,并与松辽盆地及其周围的花岗岩一起暗示松辽盆地是在中侏罗世造山作用之后伸展的构造环境下形成的陆内盆地。