伊通地堑层序构成及层序地层格架样式

伊通地堑充填白垩系、下第三系、上第三系和第四系碎屑沉积物，厚约２０００～６０００ｍ。地堑内主要发育冲积扇体系、扇三角洲体系和湖泊体系，在地堑不同演化阶段分别构成６种沉积体系域类型．层序地层格架主要受控于构造、物源体系、湖的扩展及萎缩旋回和沉积中心分布。层序地层格架样式显示南北向隆回相间、东缓西陡的不对称式充填特征。     

Depositional Sequences of Yitong Graben (Eastern China) and Its Response to Transform-Extensional Processes

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＴａｎｃｈｅｎｇ－Ｌｕｊｉａｎｇｆａｕｌｔｂｅｌｔｉｓｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｓｔｒｉｋｅ－ｓｌｉｐｆａｕｌｔｂｅｌｔｉｎＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｉｓｆａｕｌｔｂｅｌｔｈａｓｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｎｅａｃｏｍ－ｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｇｅｏ...     

柴北缘地区层序格架下的沉积特征

中国中西部含油气沉积盆地大多具有前陆盆地层序组合特征,可以识别出前陆层序和非前陆层序。柴达木盆地柴北缘层序地层格架主要包括非前陆层序的侏罗系和古近系以及前陆层序的新近系。通过井剖面层序分析结合有限的地震剖面,可以对柴达木北缘侏罗系划分7套III级层序。古近系—第四系划分11套III级层序。侏罗系属于非前陆期沉积,新近系属于前陆期沉积。通过柴北缘地区层序框架下沉积特征的解剖,表明柴北缘地区非前陆期遗迹化石以缺氧环境化石群为主,沉积相以河流-湖沼体系为特征。前陆期遗迹化石以陆相氧化河湖相环境化石群为主,湖退体系域(RST)冲积扇-河流三角洲-滨浅湖相沉积体系非常发育。柴达木盆地的沉积层序表现为受构造强烈活动和气候变化的影响,强烈活动期潮湿气候下层序表现为山前带发育进积式准层序组,凹陷区形成退积式准层序组。干旱气候配合下的层序表现为多物源更加明显,山前带沉积物供应更加迅速,且沉积中心迁移强烈。     

伊舒地堑构造演化的沉积充填响应

伊舒地堑是一典型的转换伸展型盆地,它以构造上和沉积上的不对称结构,沉降中心的明显迁移和快速沉降充填为主要特征。本文应用盆地充填记录、盆地构造格架和盆地沉降史分析论证了伊舒地堑构造演化过程中不同级别的幕式裂陷作用,确定了幕式裂陷作用的沉积响应。此外,文章还总结了3种类型的沉积体系域构成样式和沉积特征。     

小江断裂带有三纪走滑断陷盆地的充填层序特征

小江断裂是滇中走滑断裂系中的一条主干断裂，沿断裂带发育了一系列带有明显走滑特征的新生代小型断陷盆地，第三纪含煤地层主要由冲积扇－湖泊、沼泽成因地层层序构成。本在对多个断陷盆地的成因地层、充填序列、沉积体系域等剖析的基础上，讨论了走滑构造背景下断陷盆地的充填层序特征，并指出构造沉降、走滑作用和构造反转对盆地充填起作重要的作用。     

Neogene basin development around Söke-Kuşadası (western Anatolia) and its bearing on tectonic development of the Aegean region

There is a N–S lying narrow strip of Neogene outcrop between the towns of Kuşadası and Söke in western Anatolia. It contains remnants of successive Neogene graben basins. The first graben began to form under the control of a N40–70°E-trending oblique fault system during the Early Miocene. At the initial phase of the opening coarse clastic rocks were deposited in front of the fault-elevated blocks as scree deposits and fanglomerates. Later the graben advanced into a large lake basin. Towards the end of the Middle Miocene the lacustrine sediments of the Early–Middle Miocene age underwent an approximately N–S compressional deformation and elevated above the lake level, and were partly eroded. During the Late Miocene a new graben basin began to form as a consequence of the development of E–W-trending normal faults, formed under the N–S extensional regime. This graben also turned later into a lake environment. The lake extended far beyond the limits of the fault zones, and covered the entire regions stretching from the south of Bafa Lake in the south to Kuşadası and beyond in the north. Micritic clayey limestones were predominantly deposited in the lake. A severe erosional phase followed the termination of the lake basin. This corresponds to the cessation of the N–S extension. When the N–S extension regenerated during the Pliocene(?)–Pleistocene, the Büyük Menderes graben system began to form. In the western part of the graben, a conjugated pair of oblique faults, the Priene–Sazlı fault and the Kuşadası fault, have formed. The faults having important strike-slip components, bounded a tectonic wedge, which began to move westward into the Aegean Sea region. Major morphological features of the region were formed under the effective control of these fault zones.     

辽东湾—下辽河盆地新生代构造的运动学特征及其演化过程

辽东湾－下辽河盆地是一个富含油气的新生代裂陷盆地。裂陷作用使盆地区的地壳或岩石圈被不同尺度的断裂肢解为形体各异的断块体,并使这些断块体在复杂而有规律的运动过程中形成了裂陷盆地及盆地中的两个相对独立而又有关联的新生代构造系统──伸展构造和走滑构造。盆地构造的运动学特征可以用断块间的相对运动和断块体本身的运动来描述,包括水平伸展运动、差异升降运动、相对走滑运动和断块体掀斜运动等四种主要形式。本文描述和讨论了各种形式的“运动”在辽东湾－下辽河盆地中的表现特征,测算了新生代盆地的伸展量、沉降量等主要构造运动学参数,并在此基础上将盆地的新生代构造演化划分为早第三纪裂陷阶段和晚第三纪－第四纪后裂陷阶段。早第三纪的裂陷事件具有分期次、呈幕式的特点,进一步可以分为始新世和渐新世两个具不同特色的伸展幕。     

伊通地堑断层系统与构造样式

与走滑相关的盆地构造一般比较复杂,主要表现为断层系统较复杂和构造样式类型丰富。通过对三维地震资料进行系统的构造解析,结合区域地质和钻井资料的分析表明,伊通地堑的断层系统在平面上主要由近东西向的张性正断层和北东走向的张剪性断层组成,反映盆地具右旋走滑的应力体制;断层在演化序列上分为4个类型,与盆地的形成和演化之间存在良好的对应关系。地堑构造样式以"基底卷入型"为主,从盆地的动力学机制的角度,它属于"走滑—拉分型",进一步可将它概括为5种类型的构造样式,而且每一个断陷都以一种构造样式占主体,其展布具有明显的规律性。构造样式的差异是造成不同断陷具有独特油气分布规律的主导因素。     

构造活动盆地沉积层序形成过程模拟——以断陷和前陆盆地为例

应用二维层序地层模拟系统开展了构造活动盆地沉积层序的形成过程的动态模拟分析,揭示了同沉积断裂活动、湖平面变化及沉积物供给量变化相互作用对沉积层序形成的控制作用。模拟表明,快速的构造沉降、相对高的湖平面和大量的沉积物供给是形成相对深水扇三角洲的必要条件;而沉积物的供给量变小或构造沉降量加大时有利于形成近岸湖底扇或水下扇。模拟揭示出断陷湖盆陡坡边缘断裂形成的古地貌坡折控制着低水位域浊积扇或湖底扇的发育部位,同时对水进或高位域的三角洲前缘的沉积中心的分布具控制作用。断裂坡折带的构造沉降是控制可容纳空间变化的关键因素。在陆内前陆逆冲构造边缘,层序发育早期（底部）发育冲积扇和河流沉积,但由于相对快的构造沉降形成水进序列;在快速沉降的晚期沉降速率减小,碎屑体系向盆地方向推进,形成广泛河流三角洲沉积。由隐伏逆冲断裂形成的构造坡折带对低位域的分布具控制作用。在构造坡折带下的低位域砂体与上覆的水进域泥岩组合可形成重要的地层油气藏。     

白东构造带成因分析

位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷北部的白东构造带,受新构造运动影响形成了整体东西向"S"型展布,堑心组合内断层成弧形交错、南北对掉的"包心菜"状构造。笔者以局部构造变形特征分析为手段,从各层位上堑心构造组合的特殊现象分析出发,认为本区自第三纪以来是在右旋走滑拉分背景下伸展走滑作用的结果。     

郯庐断裂带北段构造样式解析

郯庐断裂带(郯城—庐江断裂带)北段在中—新生代发生多期不同性质活动,形成各具特色的构造样式.各种构造样式和地层间切割或覆盖关系的匹配研究,为限定断裂带活动期次及时代,建立郯庐断裂带北段变形序列提供了第一手资料.不同构造样式反映了断裂带由老至新经历了以下5个重要的变形事件:①密山县知—镇韧性剪切带黑云母40 Ar/39 ...     

南秦岭古生代沉积盆地构造活动-海平面变化与沉积响应

位于扬子地台北部被动边缘的南秦岭镇安、旬阳古生代沉积盆地,发育一套早古生代—中生代一套碳酸盐岩夹细碎屑岩沉积,其沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序及沉积体系域发育清楚,海平面变化敏感,是研究海平面变化与沉积响应较理想的地区。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征及侧向变化分析,初步划分出了10个层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面。盆地沉积演化与构造体制、区域性构造运动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,恢复海平面变化细节,建立岩石地层、年代地层格架,从微观上准确了解区域海平面敏感变化,确切刻画古气候、古地理、古环境,从而更好的预测沉积矿产。     

珠江口盆地新近纪构造特征与演化

在构造特征精细刻画的基础上,运用丰富的三维地震资料,通过断裂活动性的定量计算和平衡剖面分析,恢复了珠 江口盆地新近纪构造演化过程,探讨了盆地动态演化的区域动力学机制。珠江口盆地新近纪经历了构造稳定期和构造活化 期两大演化阶段。珠江组沉积时期,隆起区与坳陷区均整体沉降,仅坳陷内少量控盆断裂微弱活动,整体处于构造稳定阶 段。进入韩江组沉积时期以来,盆地进入构造活化阶段,坳陷区表现为连续沉降,先期控盆断裂活动强度明显增强,以断 块活动为特点;而东沙隆起区则经历了韩江组下段沉积时期、韩江组上段沉积时期和粤海组沉积时期三期同沉积隆升和万 山组沉积时期以来的持续隆升过程,同时发育了近EW向右旋和NW向左旋共轭走滑断裂带以及一系列NWW向次级张性断 裂。构造稳定阶段主要受南海扩张的影响,而构造活化阶段则是在伸展背景下发生的,可能与菲律宾海板块NW、NWW向 运动导致的仰冲和弧-陆碰撞作用有关。     

测老庙盆地层序地层格架与其幕式构造演化

陆相断陷盆地的形成不是一个匀速的变形过程，它常发育由不同级别的幕式构造所控制的沉积旋回，盆地的充填序列所的阶段性以及区域性间断记录了这些幕式运动的周期及相应的构造事件。以测老庙盆地为研究对象，以盆地充填的地层层序为研究基础，从盆地的构造格架及沉降史、盆地的构造作用与沉积响应等方面分析，讨论了幕式裂隙作用与盆地沉积旋回、层序地层单元之间的对应关系。     

Multiple rifting pulses and sedimentation pattern in the Çameli Basin,southwestern Anatolia,Turkey

The neotectonic development of western Anatolia was characterized by the formation of numerous graben-type basins, which have been well documented by general mapping, although the cause and timing of the Neogene regional tectonic extension remain controversial. Previous interpretations of the origin and evolution of these Neogene basins were based mainly on regional-scale tectonic inferences, rather than detailed basin-fill analysis. The present study of the terrestrial intramontane Çameli Basin in the western Taurides combines detailed facies analysis with biostratigraphic dating (mammalian and molluscan fossils) and documents three pulses of crustal extension that are reflected in changes in the palaeogeography and sedimentary architecture of the basin.Development of the Çameli graben commenced in the Vallesian time (early Tortonian), and is marked by alluvial-fan, fluvial and lacustrine depositional systems, with freshwater molluscan fauna. A second pulse of tectonic extension occurred in the late Ruscinian time (early–middle Pliocene), producing a new normal fault that split the basin longitudinally into two compartments. The lake environment expanded and deepened, coastal peat-forming mires developed and abundant mammal fauna appeared by the early Villanian time (middle Pliocene), with the lacustrine deposits onlapping the basin-margin and intrabasinal fault escarpments. The lacustrine environment subsequently shrank, as the progradation of axial river deltas and basin-margin fan deltas caused water shallowing and shoreline regression. A third pulse of extension occurred at the end of Villanian time (late Pliocene), when the development of a new generation of normal faults further split the basin into still narrower half-graben compartments. The third pulse of rifting is estimated to have accounted for little more than 10% of the sub-basinal crustal extension, but caused the most striking changes in the basin palaeogeography and drainage pattern. The inward development of the successive normal faults indicated a high-rate crustal extension. This is the first regional case study of a terrestrial neotectonic graben employing detailed sedimentary facies analysis and mammal biostratigraphy and providing a time-stratigraphic framework for the rifting pulses in western Anatolia.     

Miocene Tectonic Evolution from Dextral-Slip Thrusting to Extension in the Nyainqentanglha Region of the Tibetan Plateau

Dextral-slip in the Nyainqentangiha region of Tibet resulted in oblique underthrusting and granite generation in the Early to Middle Miocene, but by the end of the epoch uplift and extensional faulting dominated. The east-west dextral-slip Gangdise fault system merges eastward into the northeast-trending, southeast-dipping Nyainqentangiha thrust system that swings eastward farther north into the dextral-slip North Damxung shear zone and Jiali faults. These faults were took shape by the Early Miocene, and the large Nyainqentangiha granitic batholith formed along the thrust system in 18.3-11.0 Ma as the western block drove under the eastern one. The dextral-slip movement ended at -11 Ma and the batholith rose, as marked by gravitational shearing at 8.6-8.3 Ma, and a new fault system developed. Northwest-trending dextral-slip faults formed to the northwest of the raisen batholith, whereas the northeast-trending South Damxung thrust faults with some sinistral-slip formed to the southeast. The latter are replaced farther to the east by the west-northwest-trending Lhunzhub thrust faults with dextral-slip. This relatively local uplift that left adjacent Eocene and Miocene deposits preserved was followed by a regional uplift and the initiation of a system of generally north-south grabens in the Late Miocene at -6.5 Ma. The regional uplift of the southern Tibetan Plateau thus appears to have occurred between 8.3 Ma and 6.5 Ma. The Gulu, Damxung-Yangbajain and Angan graben systems that pass east of the Nyainqentangiha Mountains are locally controlled by the earlier northeast-trending faults. These grabens dominate the subsequent tectonic movement and are still very active as northwest-trending dextral-slip faults northwest of the mountains. The Miocene is a time of great tectonic change that ushered in the modern tectonic regime.     

小江断裂带第三纪走滑断陷盆地的充填层序特征

小江断裂是滇中走滑断裂系中的一条主干断裂，沿断裂带发育了一系列带有明显走滑特征的新生代小型断陷盆地，第三纪含煤地层主要由冲积扇-湖泊、沼泽成因地层层序构成。本文在对多个断陷盆地的成因地层、充填序列、沉积体系域等剖析的基础上，讨论了走滑构造背景下断陷盆地的充填层序特征，并指出构造沉降、走滑作用和构造反转对盆地充填起作重要作用。     

Seismic stratigraphy based chronostratigraphy (SSBC) of the Serbian Banat region of the Pannonian Basin

Seismic stratigraphy based chronostratigraphic (SSBC) analysis of the Serbian Banat region allows the delineation of the spatial and stratigraphic relationships of the generally regressive and shallowing upward Neogene depositional fill of a tectonically unstable central portion of the Pannonian Basin. When geometrically restored in time and space, the sediment dispersal directions, sediment source directions, types of sedimentation breaks and the tectonic events influencing basin evolution can be delineated. For such an analysis the time-transgressive lithostratigraphic units used in the neighbouring Hungarian part of the Pannonian Basin are conveniently introduced based upon their characteristic seismic facies and constrained borehole log records as mappable seismic stratigraphic sequence units, termed “seismic operational sequences”. The respective Neogene stage and operational sequence equivalents (Hungarian lithostratigraphic units or formations) are the Middle Miocene (Badenian, Sarmatian), Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene (Pannonian-Endrod and Szolnok Formations; Pontian- Algyo and Ujfalu Formations and Lower Pliocene- Zagyva Formation) and Upper Pliocene-Quaternary (Nagyalfold Formation). SSBC analysis greatly assists in the geological constraint or “geovalidation” of interpreted seismic stratigraphic relationships and provides potentially critical insight into stratigraphic and structural problems of non-unique interpretations. In the specific case, using such an approach on previously unpublished regional seismic lines, SSBC analysis reveals that the Banat region has undergone structural inversion. This may be related to changes in local stress directions along strike slip faults, which initiated in earliest Late Miocene (Endrod Formation), culminating in the reverse tilting and incipient shortening of the western graben. Therefore during the time interval that the Badenian through Endrod sediments were deposited in the graben, autocyclic progradation initiated from the Kikinda Szeged High in the East followed by Szolnok, Algyo, Ujfalu and younger units prograding from the West as the central high uplifted relative to the graben. Such tectonic inversion has substantial hydrocarbon potential implications for exploration in the region.     

论中国含油气区的构造环境性质、分区及其成油气专属性

在前中生代,形成了华北、扬子和塔里木等较大的海相及海陆交互相含油气区（盆地）,构造格架呈南北分异。经海西-印支运动,形成统一的中国大陆板块,且整体构造格架演变为东西分异。根据盆地结构、构造变形样式、岩浆活动、地温场、壳幔结构及壳幔连通程度等方面的特征,论述了中、新生代中国含油气区的大地构造环境性质与含油气特征。据此划分出 4个具有不同构造环境性质的含油气区：①东部裂谷伸展区,其西带为华夏裂谷系,以产下第三系和白垩系原油为主,东带为大陆架裂谷系,以产下第三系煤型气为主;②中部克拉通构造稳定区,以产古生界天然气为主;③西北构造反转区,含油气层系较多,油气成因类型也多样;④特提斯碰撞-走滑区,构造变形复杂,部分地区具有较好的油气资源前景。进一步讨论了油气形成的"构造环境专属性"问题。     

论地穹区“三位一体”金的构造成矿及其有序性

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