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1.
早白垩世,白音查干凹陷处于强裂陷伸展环境,并具有高地热异常。在此背景下,该凹陷发育一套仅限于深湖—半深湖相的、富含铁白云石、钠沸石和泥级长石(钠长石、钾长石)等特殊矿物成分的白云岩。该套湖相白云岩受北东向同沉积断裂控制,主要分布于凹陷北部陡坡带和湖盆中央断裂带的下降盘处,沿断裂呈线性展布。白云岩中的白云石多以铁白云石为主,并与钠沸石、长石、重晶石、水镁铁石等低温热液矿物共生,其结构可分为泥晶结构、微晶结构和中—细晶斑块状结构(多元矿物组合)3种。此外,白云岩的岩石组构还具有明显热水沉积特征,包括纹层状构造、热水碎屑结构、星散状构造、同生塑性变形、网脉状构造。综合以上初步分析,认为研究区湖相白云岩为深部热液参与并发生沉积作用形成的,即热水沉积白云岩。 相似文献
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The Erlian Basin is one of the non-marine Cretaceous basins of north-east China that developed during the late Mesozoic continental extension in eastern Asia. This basin experienced two major tectonic events: (i) a syn-rift stage that was dominated by a fluvial–lacustrine depositional environment and (ii) a post-rift stage that was dominated by a fluvial environment. A new sedimentological study performed on Erlian Formation drill cores has led to the determination of an architectural model and to the subsequent characterisation of the stratigraphic evolution of this sedimentary unit during the late Cretaceous. The palynological occurrences that were identified in samples provided a possible stratigraphical age for the Erlian Formation.Sediments of the Erlian Formation occur at the top of the Cretaceous stratigraphic column of the Erlian Basin and were deposited during the post-rift stage. Facies architecture and the ideal succession of facies that were identified for this formation exhibit two different members, both dominated by a fluvial depositional environment: (i) the lower member, which is dominated by channels of a braided river system and (ii) the upper member, which is dominated by overbank deposits. The lower member expresses a tectonically induced uplift as indicated by channels clustering under negative accommodation, whereas a period of stratigraphic base-level rise that is associated with an increase of accommodation is identified in the upper member. Therefore the Erlian Formation highlights an alternation of short uplifts that were dominated by braided fluvial channel deposits with periods of stratigraphic base-level rise that were dominated by overbank deposits. This sedimentological architecture has significant metallogenic implications for the origin of confined permeable sandstone layers, which represent adequate host-rocks for roll front-type uranium deposits.The palynological assemblage Exesipollenites, Ulmipollenites/Ulmoideipites, Buttinia and Momipites that were recognised in two samples of the Erlian Formation has revealed a post-late Campanian age therefore more likely indicating a late Cretaceous age of deposition for the sediments of the Erlian Formation. 相似文献
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Zhicheng Lei Wangshui Hu Huaimin Xu Bo Xu Chun Cao Chao Cheng Qulei Zhu 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(4):405-418
Fractures and vugs were used as the primary dolomite reservoir space in the study area, which improved the reservoir’s physical properties and influenced the distribution pattern of oil and water that were developed in the Upper Tenger Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Baiyinchagan sag, Erlian Basin. Based on the core observation data, thin slice analysis, and image logging, the cave-fractured reservoir was primarily developed in the actic region near the side of a depositional fault. Tectonic and diagenetic fractures were the primary types of fractures. High-angle tectonic fractures in the closure and open status were developed well in dolomitic mudstone, while a low-angle fracture and reticulate fractures were developed in the tectonic-hydrothermal hybrid process and were filled with hydrothermal minerals. The reservoir was located in low-lying land; therefore, detrital grain pressolution fractures were formed by burial diagenesis. Intergranular and intrangranular dissolved pores, which were formed by hydrothermal activity, were developed primarily in the highly dolomite lithology. According to the diagenesis temperature of dolomite from a carbon-oxygen isotope analysis, multiple hydrothermal fluid injection events occurred, and dolomitization ensued before massive hydrocarbon migration. The dissolution of organic acids formed by hydrocarbon charges after dolomitization and inorganic acid produced by burial di agenesis for soluble minerals effectively promoted the reservoir properties. Strong heterogeneity due to lithology and fracture-vug systems led to intricate oil-water relationships. Four statuses occurred, including cave-fracture oil, isolated oil, stored oil, isolated water, and stored water. The oil-water distribution patterns were established based on the core observation. 相似文献
4.
乌尼特坳陷属于二连盆地五大坳陷之一, 内部发育一系列地堑、半地堑, 主要充填地层为下白垩统。坳陷基底由晚古生代复式向斜及二连—贺根山混杂岩带(Pz2)组成。乌尼特坳陷早白垩世断陷结构和分布组合与基底构造紧密相关。复式向斜断陷带基底为北东向、北北东向晚古生代复式向斜, 受基底控制早白垩世发育一系列北东向、北北东向断陷。断陷带北部主干断层向深部延伸时受复式向斜构造层韧性伸展变形影响而在浅层滑脱, 形成浅而宽阔的断陷, 主要为并联式组合。断陷带南部终止于混杂岩带并与之斜交, 主干断层向深部延伸时受混杂岩带伸展走滑构造变形影响而在浅层滑脱, 形成浅而狭长的断陷, 主要为斜列式组合。二连—贺根山混杂岩断陷带基底为混杂岩带, 受基底控制早白垩世发育一系列北东向、北北东向断陷。断陷主干断层向深部延伸时受以伸展为主的构造变形影响而在混杂岩深层滑脱, 形成深而狭长的断陷, 以串联或并联式组合。 相似文献
5.
基底构造在沉积盆地的形成与演化过程中扮演着重要的角色.本文利用地球物理资料和地表地质调查数据, 对二连盆地早白垩世断陷分布规律与基底构造特征及其关系进行了研究, 并分析了基底构造对富油凹陷的控制作用.结果表明, 二连盆地早白垩世68个断陷总体上自北东向南西呈弥散式分布, 这些断陷可分为南部断陷群与北部断陷群, 断陷群夹持在隆起之间, 总体上构成了正负相间的盆岭构造格局.基底构造控制着二连盆地早白垩世断陷分布, 表现为: 断陷群沿着深断裂分布; 坳陷对应着基底先存复向斜, 隆起对应着基底先存复背斜; 刚性的锡林浩特地块分割了断陷群.深断裂作为构造薄弱区在伸展变形过程中优先重新活动, 并控制着断陷的发育与分布; 盖层演化和基底构造之间具有良好的继承性; 基底流变性发生突变的区带对断陷的发育与分布也具有控制作用.盆地基底断裂带上叠的凹陷、基底断裂带交汇处上叠的凹陷和刚性基底上新生的凹陷在伸展变形过程中构造继承性好、沉降量大、优质烃源岩发育, 是富油凹陷发育的有利区域. 相似文献
6.
B.Z. Xian J.H. Wang J.P. Liu Y.L. Dong C.L. Gong Z.Y. Lu 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(1):135-151
Sediment avalanche from delta ramp is one of the significant development mechanisms for a turbidite system in a lacustrine basin. To advance our understanding of deep-water sedimentary processes in a lacustrine delta ramp, delta-fed turbidites in the Eocene Dongying depression of the Bohai Bay Basin were studied using core data, 3-D seismic data and well log data. Sandy debris flows, muddy debris flows, mud flows, turbidity currents, slides, sandy slumps and muddy slumps were interpreted based on the identification of lithofacies. Data indicates that deep-water sedimentary processes in the study area were dominated by debris flows and slumps, which accounted for ~68% and 25% (in thickness) of total gravity flow deposits, respectively; turbidity-current deposits only accounted for ~5%. Mapping of turbidites showed that most were deposited after short-distance transportation (<20 km), restricted by the scale of deep-water areas and local topography. Channels, depositional lobes, debris flow tongues, muddy turbiditic sheets, slides and slumps were identified in a delta-fed ramp system. Slides and slumps were dominant at the base of slopes or at the hanging walls of growth faults with strong tectonic activity. Channels and depositional lobes developed in gentle, low-lying areas, where sediments were transported longer distances. Sand-rich sediment supply, short-distance transportation and local topography were crucial factors that controlled sedimentation of this ramp system. Channels generally lacked levees and only produced scattered sandstones because of possible hydroplaning of debris flow and unstable waterways. In addition to lobes, debris flow tongues could also be developed in front of channels. These findings have significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration of deep-water sandstone fed by deltas in a lacustrine basin. 相似文献
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内蒙古二连裂谷盆地“同盆多类型"铀矿床组合与找矿方向 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
自20世纪90年代开始,核工业部门在二连盆地中开展了广泛的铀矿找矿工作,在乌兰察布和马尼特2个坳陷中发现了多个不同类型的铀矿床。文章从裂谷盆地的发展演化入手,分析了二连盆地构造演化阶段和各阶段中沉积充填类型特征。根据构造-沉积-含铀含氧流体在时空上的耦合作用及其结果,初步建立了早白垩世早期腾格尔组中含煤(砂)泥岩型道尔苏矿床、侧向氧化和垂向氧化形成的赛汉组中古河道砂岩型巴彦乌拉和赛汉高毕矿床、以及晚白垩世二连组中由蒸发沉积-成岩-热流体改造形成的努和廷矿床等"同盆多类型"铀矿成矿模型。同时,依据铀矿床成矿地质作用和地质特征,以及不同类型铀矿化发育的空间部位特点,指出了"同盆多类型"铀矿在盆地凹陷中发育的有利空间位置,总结了裂谷盆地不同阶段的"同盆多类型"铀矿床组合规律,为在东北亚地区类似盆地中找寻相似的铀矿床组合指明了方向。 相似文献
9.
长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩富硅、富碱,岩石以非碱性系列为主,包括钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,碱性系列火山岩为钾玄岩系列。酸性岩与中、基性岩的微量元素特征差别明显,岩石总体微量元素特征与造山带火山岩相似,富集LREE、Rb、K和大离子亲石元素,TiO2含量低,贫Sr。火山岩的形成与造山带岩石圈拆沉作用引起地壳拉张减薄的大地构造背景有关。研究区基性火山岩为地幔岩部分熔融作用的产物,岩浆演化过程中存在单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶作用,中性岩为原生玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,营城组酸性火山岩的形成与构造活动存在直接关系,为构造剪切挤压应力致使上地壳重熔的结果。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古二连盆地巴彦宝力格煤田下白垩统赛汉塔拉组层序—古地理与聚煤作用* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
二连盆地巴彦宝力格煤田蕴藏着丰富的煤炭和煤层气资源。利用钻孔和测井资料对赛汉塔拉组层序格架下的古地理演化特征和聚煤作用进行研究,识别出3种层序界面类型: 区域不整合面、河道下切谷冲刷面和对应整合面,将赛汉塔拉组划分为2个三级层序,厚煤层主要发育于层序Ⅰ湖侵体系域早期和晚期。采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,恢复了层序格架下的古地理格局,古地理单元为冲积扇、扇三角洲平原和滨浅湖。有利聚煤环境为扇三角洲平原与滨浅湖过渡带、滨浅湖,具有合适的基底沉降速率并且受到较小的陆源碎屑影响。从层序Ⅰ到层序Ⅱ,煤层厚度减小,聚煤作用减弱;多层厚煤层的形成受基底沉降震荡性、周期性的影响,受可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率比值不断变化的控制。层序Ⅰ发育时期,研究区中部为下一步煤炭资源和煤层气勘探的有利区。 相似文献
11.
新疆三塘湖盆地中二叠统芦草沟组发育湖泊背景下的白云岩、灰岩、黑色泥岩、页岩及碎屑岩的互层沉积。白云岩主要有两类:一类为粉—泥晶白云岩,主要由含量约70%的泥晶白云石和含量约30%的粉晶白云石构成,白云石有序度为0.48,扫描电镜下主要有菱形、他形、球状和管状4种微形态,自形程度较好的菱形晶体多为含铁白云石;另一类为方沸钾长白云岩,主要由晶粒为0.08~0.35mm的细粒方沸石、泥晶钾长石(透长石)、泥晶白云石和铁白云石构成,个别为粗晶白云石,白云石有序度0.58。与粉—泥晶白云岩中的白云石相比,方沸钾长白云岩中的白云石以高的铁、锰含量为特征,扫描电镜下多为半自形的菱形晶体。两类白云岩中白云石的有序度均较低,且均为富Sr白云石,内部均缺乏次生交代证据。通过对两类白云岩成分、微量元素及稳定同位素的差异性分析,认为尽管两类白云岩都形成于浅—半深湖相强还原沉积环境,但是它们的形成机制有所不同,粉—泥晶白云岩具有原生沉淀白云石的特征,其中球状及管状的白云石可能与微生物吸附作用有关,而他形及菱形的白云石为直接沉淀的原生白云石;另一类方沸钾长白云岩中的白云石及铁白云石可能与湖底热泉的喷流沉积作用有关。 相似文献
12.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):2117-2148
The origin of the fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the northern steep slopes of the Minfeng Sub‐sag, Dongying Sag, China, was investigated by integrating core studies and flume tank depositional simulations. A non‐channelized depositional model is proposed in this paper for nearshore subaqueous fans in steep fault‐controlled slopes of lacustrine rift basins. The deposits of nearshore subaqueous fans along the base of steep border‐fault slopes of rift basins are typically composed of deep‐water coarse‐grained sediment gravity‐flow deposits directly sourced from adjacent footwalls. Sedimentation processes of nearshore subaqueous fans respond to tectonic activities of boundary faults and to seasonal rainfall. During tectonically active stages, subaqueous debris flows triggered by episodic movements of border‐faults dominate the sedimentation. During tectonically quiescent stages, hyperpycnal flows generated by seasonal rainfall‐generated floods, normal discharges of mountain‐derived rivers and deep‐lacustrine suspension sedimentation are commonly present. The results of a series of flume tank depositional simulations show that the sediments deposited by subaqueous debris flows are wedge‐shaped and non‐channelized, whereas the sediments deposited by hyperpycnal flows generated by sporadic floods from seasonal rainfall are characterized by non‐channelized, coarse‐grained lobate depositional bodies which switch laterally because of compensation sedimentation of hyperpycanal flows. The hyperpycnal‐flow‐deposited non‐channelized lobate depositional bodies can be divided into a main body and lateral edges. The main body can be further subdivided into a proximal part, middle part and frontal part. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments are characterized by thin‐bedded, fine‐grained sandstones and siltstones with a limited distribution range. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones are commonly eroded in the area close to boundary faults. A nearshore subaqueous fan can be divided into three segments: inner fan, middle fan and outer fan. The inner fan is composed of debrites and the proximal part of the main body. The middle fan consists of the middle part of the main body and lateral edges, normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited fine‐grained sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. The outer fan comprises the frontal part of the main body, lateral edges, and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. Based on the non‐channelized depositional model for nearshore subaqueous fans, criteria for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation are discussed and applied. 相似文献
13.
层序地层学是岩性-地层油气藏勘探研究的核心技术之一。为深入开展二连盆地白音查干凹陷岩性-地层油气藏勘探,在前人研究成果基础上,通过研究区200多口井的精细地层对比和33口井759.42 m岩心的详细观察及区域构造-沉积演化分析,综合运用构造、古生物、岩性、测井以及地震反射等5个方面的特征,对白音查干凹陷(主要是西部次凹)油气勘探的主要目的层下白垩统阿尔善组—都红木组的层序发育特征进行再认识,对层序界面的性质进行重新厘定。将白音查干凹陷下白垩统阿尔善组—都红木组划分为2个超长期层序(分别对应于阿尔善组—腾格尔组和都红木组)和5个长期层序(分别对应于阿尔善组一段、阿尔善组二段、腾格尔组、都红木组一段和都红木组二段~三段);提出白音查干凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组长期层序的底界面为一连续沉积的整合面,不能构成油气运移的良好通道,即在腾格尔组底部即使圈闭条件良好(如锡40井—锡43井区),但也会因缺乏良好的油气运移通道致使圈闭中供油不足而不能成藏。 相似文献
14.
阿北凹陷位于内蒙古二连盆地东北部,面积约600 km2,是二连盆地勘探潜力最大的凹陷之一。针对阿北凹陷复杂的地质构造,充分利用岩心、录井、测井以及地震等资料,详细分析了阿北凹陷北部陡坡带下白垩统近岸水下扇沉积特征和分布规律。研究表明,近岸水下扇和扇三角洲在岩相组合、沉积构造、粒度特征、电性特征和地震反射特征方面均有较大区别,综合反映以重力流为主的沉积环境。阿尔善期北部陡坡带发育大规模水下扇,扇体规模自下而上逐渐向北部物源方向减小,到腾格尔期沉积了一大套深湖—半深湖暗色泥岩,近岸水下扇砂砾岩体下切到深湖—半深湖暗色泥岩中,决定了研究区近岸水下扇砂体具有优越的成藏条件。 相似文献
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河南西峡盆地上白垩统马家村组沉积厚度巨大,达1 960 m,由辫状河沉积、曲流河沉积和湖泊沉积组成。在河流与湖泊沉积中,发育丰富的遗迹化石,共6种类型,分别为Skolithos linearis、Cylindricumichnosp、Palaeophycus tubularis“J”形潜穴、垂直分枝潜穴和垂直螺旋潜穴。从形态分析,大多数为居住迹,按照遗迹化石产出岩层的岩性、扰动特征和残留遗迹等总体特征,将所发现的遗迹化石层划分为两类遗迹组构,即软底组构和僵底组构。前者主要发育在纹层状极细砂岩和粉砂岩中,潜穴密度大,属种单一,包括Skolithos组构和Palaeophycus组构;后者主要发育在厚层泥岩中,潜穴密度较大,类型稍多,包括由Cylindricum ichnosp、垂直分枝潜穴J形潜穴和垂直螺旋潜穴所组成的遗迹组构。与报道过的其他地区陆相遗迹化石的对比表明,随着时间的推移,河流沉积中的组构特征在白垩纪有明显变化,而浅湖沉积中的遗迹组构表明造迹生物的扰动能力显著加强。 相似文献
16.
二连盆地下白垩统发育一套陆源碎屑成分和碳酸盐矿物组成的混合沉积,且近年来在其中发现大量油气显示,但目前对这套混合沉积的研究程度较低。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井等方法,对巴音都兰、阿南和额仁淖尔等多个重点凹陷内云质岩的岩石学特征、分布特征等进行研究,认为:云质岩分布主要受母源区岩性控制,为典型的母源混合类型;湖盆演化类型不同导致沉积相发育的差异性,进而决定云质岩纵向分布;火山玻璃脱玻化为埋藏白云化作用提供大量Mg2 +、Fe2 +离子,导致白云石中铁含量高;古气候对云质岩分布的影响较弱。 相似文献
17.
早白垩世剑门关组是研究四川盆地北部沉积环境演化的良好地层, 对该地层开展系统的地球化学研究, 对探讨四川盆地北部早白垩世剑门关组物源区性质、构造背景、古风化作用及古环境具有重要意义.系统分析了剑门关组泥质岩主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征, 发现早白垩世剑门关组泥质岩富CaO、MgO, 贫Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、Na2O、TiO2、P2O5、MnO, 富Cr、Cs、V, 贫Sr、Nb、U、Hf, 稀土元素总量为(164.96~234.35) ×10-6, 轻、重稀土元素比值为11.77~15.87, 轻、重稀土元素分馏程度高, 轻稀土元素相对富集, 具弱的正Eu异常.综合分析认为:剑门关组为同一物源的近物源再旋回沉积岩;源岩为沉积岩, 可能富含斜长石、重晶石等富Eu矿物;源岩在沉积前经历了中等程度的化学风化作用, 并发生了钾交代作用;剑门关组沉积期为温暖、湿润的气候, 物源区具有由活动大陆边缘向大陆岛弧转化的特征. 相似文献
18.
内蒙古二连盆地洪浩尔舒特凹陷白垩系火山岩储集层 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
内蒙古二连盆地火山岩分布极为广泛,在古生界(含变质岩) 及中生界的侏罗系和白垩系均有分
布。位于盆地内乌尼特坳陷的洪浩尔舒特凹陷发育有3套火山岩,主要分布在白垩系阿尔善组上段、阿尔善组
下段和腾格尔组一段,火山岩主要为安山岩,次为凝灰岩和少量火山角砾岩。火山岩储集空间类型主要为气孔
和火山灰溶孔,孔缝组合类型有孔隙型、裂缝-孔隙型、孔隙-裂缝型和裂缝型。储集层物性受火山岩岩相、
成岩作用和构造活动影响,以岩相影响最显著。储集层发育总体上中央洼槽中部和东部较好。 相似文献
19.
乌尼特坳陷属于二连盆地五大坳陷之一,早白垩世在区域引张力下形成一系列地堑、半地堑,其伸展构造由伸展断层及变换构造组成。伸展断层中的主边界断层主要为铲式,混杂岩断陷带主边界断层多在混杂岩深层滑脱,复式向斜断陷带主边界断层多在浅层滑脱。平面上主边界断层表现为简单弧形或波状延伸,位移量通过变换断层及走向斜坡等进行调节/传递。首尾相连的断陷间主要以狭窄的背向型(divergent)及宽阔的相向型(convergent)变换带进行构造变换,穿过变换带断陷极性常常发生变化。早白垩世早期,乌尼特坳陷由多个相互独立的小型断陷组成;早白垩世中期,随着伸展量不断加大,相邻断陷边界断层逐渐侧向连接成为区域性边界断层,相邻断陷侧向连接成为大型复式断陷;早白垩世晚期,断陷群下沉坳陷进入后裂陷期。 相似文献
20.
中国东部及邻区早白垩世裂陷盆地构造演化阶段 总被引:60,自引:0,他引:60
早白垩世是中国东部及邻区强烈的伸展裂陷和岩石圈减薄时期。根据裂陷盆地几何形态特征和展布型式 ,将早白垩世裂陷盆地分为泛裂陷型 (燕山—松辽断陷盆地群、蒙古断陷盆地群等 )、狭窄型 (沂沭裂谷系、伊兰—伊通裂谷带 )和菱形状型 (胶莱盆地、三江盆地、鸡西盆地等 ) 3种类型。通过综合分析和对比不同类型裂陷盆地沉积序列和构造演化历史 ,结合郯庐断裂带和秦岭—大别造山带白垩纪构造演化历史的研究成果 ,区分了中国东部早白垩世 2个显著不同的引张裂陷阶段和一个构造挤压反转阶段。早白垩世早期引张裂陷阶段 ( 1 4 0~ 1 2 0Ma)形成了宽广展布的燕山—松辽断陷盆地系和蒙古断陷盆地系 ,沿郯庐断裂带发生右旋走滑活动 ,控制了断裂带西侧南华北伸展走滑盆地和东侧胶莱、三江等和沿敦—密断裂带走滑拉分盆地的发育 ;早白垩世中期引张裂陷阶段 ( 1 2 0~ 1 0 0Ma) ,沿郯庐断裂带中、北段发生裂谷作用 ,形成沂沭裂谷系和伊兰—伊通裂谷带 ;早白垩世晚期 ( 1 0 0~ 90Ma)在区域NW SE向挤压应力场作用下 ,所有早白垩世裂陷盆地发生不同程度的构造反转 ,沿郯庐断裂发生强烈的左旋走滑运动。最后指出 ,太平洋古板块向东亚大陆边缘俯冲诱发的大陆岩石圈底侵作用、拆沉作用、地幔底辟和对流 ,以及来自西部块体 相似文献