扬子地台与华南南盘江盆地大贵州滩三叠系沉积演化史

扬子地台是一个横跨华南地块的以浅海沉积为主的大型碳酸盐岩台地,南盘江盆地是发育在扬子地台碳酸盐岩台地背景之上的一个沉积盆地,从晚元古代到晚三叠世长期海相沉积演化历史中,扬子地台一南盘江盆地体系经历了多次重要的构造演化阶段。扬子地台从晚元古代到早三叠世末期一直保持为一个稳定的碳酸盐岩台地,在中三叠世末期扬子地块整体抬升,海平面下降,形成了遍及扬子主体的拉丁期大海退,从而使扬子地块大部分地区抬升为陆。南盘江盆地位于华南地块南缘,从晚元古代到晚三叠世沉积了一套厚度巨大的海相碳酸盐岩,晚三叠世发育了一套硅质碎屑的浊流沉积,区域沉积也由此转化为河流相沉积。二叠纪和三叠纪碳酸盐岩地层记录了碳酸盐岩台地长期演化历史及其特征多样的沉积建造和沉积环境,而硅质碎屑流和构造沉降速率的变化反映了盆地在三叠纪期间经历的聚合构造和前陆盆地发展过程。在三叠纪时期扬子地台沿西南一北东方向从云南围绕南盘江盆地向贵州延伸,在南盘江盆地中发育了几个孤立的碳酸盐岩台地,包括位于贵州南部和广西境内的大贵州滩和崇左平果台地。南盘江盆地在晚二叠世发生过一次区域性的海侵事件,早三叠世时期扬子地台和几个孤立台地为由鲕粒边滩组成的低角度斜坡,中三叠世（安尼期）变为由Tubiphytes边礁组成的陡倾斜坡。盆地范围内斜坡变陡激发了Tubiphytes礁和其它的生物体发育,而且它们组成了稳定碳酸盐岩台地的边缘。位于扬子地台西部地区的关林和贞丰一带与最北部的孤立台地（大贵州滩）在安尼期发育了陡倾的边礁。在拉丁期,扬子地台在关林一带进积并与盆地碎屑沉积互层穿插沉积,而位于贞丰的台地边缘出现了由断层控制的地貌特征。与此同时,扬子地     

黔南桂西早中三叠世碳酸盐台地边缘和斜坡沉积模式及其演化

黔南桂西地区(东经105°-107°,北纬24°20＇-26°40＇)地跨扬子准地台和加里东褶皱带(华南褶皱带)两个一级大地构造单元。属于南盘江沉积盆地的北部或西北边缘。区内早、中三叠世碳酸盐地层出露良好、层序完整,为台地边缘和斜坡沉积。详细研究该区碳酸盐台地边缘和斜坡沉积,对了解台地边缘特征和演化、海平面变化以及边缘的构造作用等有着重要的理论意义,为确定三叠糸南盘江沉积盆地的西北或北部边缘的构造性质提供可靠的沉积学依据。     

Controls on carbonate platform architecture and reef recovery across the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic transition: A high-resolution analysis of the Great Bank of Guizhou

Carbonate platforms spanning intervals of global change provide an opportunity to identify causal links between the evolution of marine environment and depositional architecture. This study investigates the controls on platform geometry across the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic transition and yields new stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental constraints on the Great Bank of Guizhou, a latest Permian to earliest Late Triassic isolated carbonate platform in the Nanpanjiang Basin of south China. Reconstruction of platform architecture was achieved by integrating field mapping, petrography, biostratigraphy, satellite imagery analysis and δ¹³C chemostratigraphy. In contrast to previous interpretations, this study indicates that: (i) the Great Bank of Guizhou transitioned during Early Triassic time from a low-relief bank to a platform with high relief above the basin floor (up to 600 m) and steep slope angles (preserved up to 50°); and (ii) the oldest-known platform-margin reef of the Mesozoic Era grew along steep, prograding clinoforms in an outer-margin to lower-slope environment. Increasing platform relief during Early Triassic time was caused by limited sediment delivery to the basin margin and a high rate of accommodation creation driven by Indosinian convergence. The steep upper Olenekian (upper Lower Triassic) slope is dominated by well-cemented grainstone, suggesting that high carbonate saturation states led to syndepositional or rapid post-depositional sediment stabilization. Latest Spathian reef initiation coincided with global cooling following Early Triassic global warmth. The first Triassic framework-building metazoans on the Great Bank of Guizhou were small calcareous sponges restricted to deeper water settings, but early Mesozoic reef builders were volumetrically dominated by Tubiphytes, a fossil genus of uncertain taxonomic affinity. In aggregate, the stratigraphic architecture of the Great Bank of Guizhou records sedimentary response to long-term environmental and biological recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction, highlighting the close connections among marine chemistry, marine ecosystems and carbonate depositional systems.     

Isolated stationary carbonate platforms: the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of the Marmolada area, Dolomites, Italy

As a result of a phase of extensional tectonics in the western Tethyan region, a horst and graben topography formed during the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) in northern Italy. Horsts were sites of shallow water carbonate sedimentation, while pelagic and volcaniclastic sediments were deposited in the grabens. Two carbonate platforms approximately 500 m thick can be distinguished in the Marmolada area of the Dolomites: the Marmolada platform proper, which covered an area of 6 km², and the Costabella platform, which extended for about 12 km in a NW-SE direction and was about 3 km across. The facies of these isolated platforms reflect the influence of storms from the SW. Windward platform margins were characterized by a marine sand belt of skeletal and aggregate grainstones with a dominant platform directed cross-stratification. The central portions of the platforms were occupied by supratidal sand cays which are made up of storm washovers. Leeward parts of the platforms are composed of shallow subtidal sand flat deposits. Laterally discontinuous reefs chiefly composed of various calcareous algae are developed at the outer margins of the platforms. Along windward margins, reefs may form a belt several hundred metres wide; along leeward margins their width is commonly reduced to some tens of metres. Foreslope talus breccias surround the platforms. Clinoform bedding showing basinward dips of 30°-40° is typical of this facies belt, which is approximately 2 km wide. Basinal sediments, only some tens of metres thick, are radiolarian micrites. Abundant sediment-gravity-flow deposits expand the basinal sequence at the toes of windward margins and were probably triggered by storm return flows. Synsedimentary faults striking both NNE-SSW and NW-SE separate the bedded platform limestones from flank deposits and reefs. They account for the stationary nature of the platforms. Neptunian dykes show preferred NNE-SSW and E-W trends. Sinistral displacements are associated with NW-SE trending faults. Depressions in the basins, filled with red, turbiditic pelagic sediments, show N-S trends and are probably compressional in origin. The structural pattern may have resulted from oblique, NW-SE oriented extension of the E-W trending Middle Triassic graben zone of the Dolomites. In the Ladinian of the Dolomites, the stationary platform type can be distinguished from a retrograding type, whereas continuously prograding platforms apparently did not develop.     

贵州关岭中三叠统坡段组沉积特征及其形成环境

贵州中三叠世碳酸盐台地边缘的“堤礁”向来受到人们的关注,并成为研究的热点。当前对台地边缘沉积的性质存在着不同的观点。某些人认为这些沉积是在浅水和拢动环境下形成的滩相沉积;而另外一些研究者则仍坚持它们代表典型的礁相沉积,因为它含有丰富的造型生物,如六射珊瑚、苔藓虫、钙质海绵和龙介类等。在贵州中部关岭县扒子场出露了一套巨厚的和属于台地边缘的中三叠统。扒子场在关岭县城的东南,直距约22km。三叠系中下统沿着公路断面连续出露。中统包括安尼阶的坡段组及拉丁阶的垄头组和竹杆坡组。坡段组主要由砂砾屑－生屑颗粒岩组成,约占全剖面的2／3。它们形成于水流激荡的滩相环境。其他岩石为骨屑－球粒粒泥岩和泥粒岩,约占全剖面的1／3。根据该组的岩石结构、沉积构造和生物组分,坡段组代表由砂砾屑、生屑组成的粒屑滩,而非生物礁相沉积。仅在底部或下部出现少量的Tubiphytes-蓝细菌造礁骨架,组成局部的礁丘。     

中国南方中三叠世地层及沉积古地理分异

中三叠世是中国南方沉积盆地从海相沉积向陆相沉积转变的重要时期, 因此阐明该期的地层结构和沉积古地理分异对于揭示该区域构造和地质发展历史是相当重要的。本文将中国南方划分为四个沉积区 :东南沉积区、下扬子沉积区、上扬子沉积区及右江沉积区。同时对各沉积区序列、岩相生物群的分布和分异进行了总结。从而认为当时东南沉积区与下扬子沉积区是一个直接关联的沉积古地理整体, 而上扬子沉积区与右江沉积区为另个沉积古地理整体。前者在中三叠世时是一个南东高, 北西低的向北西方向倾斜的陆缘海沉积盆地, 从安尼期至拉丁期, 沉积相带不断向北西方向迁移, 并在安尼期与拉丁期之交完成从海向陆的转变。     

Facies distribution and retreat of Middle Triassic platform margin, Guizhou province, south China

The southern margin of the vast Yangtze platform in central Guizhou Province, China, retreated during the Anisian (early Middle Triassic) by shedding skeletal debris and boundstone blocks into the margin of the adjacent basin. Anisian platform deposits are shoaling-up cycles that commonly terminated in subaerial exposure. Platform-margin facies are obscured by massive dolomitization and mechanical erosion. Distal basin deposits are terrigenous mudstone and siltstone. At the basin margin a wedge of mixed carbonate and terrigenous rocks consists of (A) thin-bedded dolostone and limestone, (B) lime breccia with thin-bedded mudstone, and (C) lime mudstone with breccia. Blocks within the breccias indicate that the shelf margin contained extensive boundstone formed by ‘Tubiphytes,’encrusting organisms, and early marine cement. Interspersed thin beds of skeletal packstone represent unlithified skeletal debris at the platform margin. The profile of the shelf margin from detailed mapping indicates 1.7–2.7 km of platform-margin retreat during deposition of a basin-margin wedge 250 m thick. Intertonguing of various basin-margin facies reflects alternating minor episodes of advance and retreat of the margin. Near-parallelism of the tongues suggests low relief at the platform margin. An upward stratigraphic progression to more distal, carbonate-free, terrigenous basin facies indicates a cessation of carbonate production on the platform owing to emergence during early Anisian time. Retreat may have occurred entirely by collapse of blocks less than 100 m wide and 30 m thick, the largest observed dimensions. A re-entrant in the margin 7 km wide and 10 km deep could also reflect collapse. Retreat occurred along 175 km of the platform margin. The lack of platform-margin facies along this front suggests 3–7 km of retreat and a total area of 875 km². The Anisian platform-margin retreat in Guizhou is one of relatively few examples of platform-margin retreat in the geological record.     

贵州地区中三叠统垄头组沉积特征及其海平面变化意义*

为认识中三叠世拉丁期华南地区碳酸盐岩台地边缘沉积演化及其海平面变化特征,文中主要选取贵州关岭扒子场剖面,以岩石学特征研究为基础,建立中三叠统拉丁阶垄头组的沉积演化序列,来恢复其沉积时期的海平面变化特征。中三叠统垄头组按其岩石类型及组合特征可分为3段: 下段主体为核形石灰岩—叠层石沉积旋回,代表潮间带至潮上带环境。中段下亚段由核形石灰岩—泥晶灰岩—玛瑙纹层状灰岩旋回组成,最顶层的玛瑙纹层状灰岩指示地表暴露环境;中段上亚段为核形石灰岩—叠层石旋回,代表潮间带至潮上带环境。上段由代表潮间带至潮下带的核形石灰岩—似球粒灰岩旋回组成。垄头组沉积特征表明,该沉积时期黔西南地区海平面整体表现为持续上升,但在中段沉积时期发生过一次海平面下降事件,导致沉积物持续遭受地表暴露,随后海平面开始上升,又恢复到潮坪沉积环境。与国内外中三叠世拉丁期海平面变化研究结果相比,贵州地区垄头组中段沉积时期的海平面下降很可能是拉丁期大海退的产物,但自中段上亚段至上段沉积时期,海平面逐渐上升,与同时期的黔西南地区和全球海平面变化趋势一致。该结果对于认识玛瑙纹层状灰岩成因及中三叠世晚期生物复苏研究具有重要意义。     

碳酸盐台地边缘或斜坡的类型及沉积模式

横切碳酸盐台地可以出现不同的沉积环境和相,其中台地边缘、斜坡或盆地边缘的沉积环境复杂,相的类型多,变化大,而且它们是重要的油气储集岩层和层控矿床的重要控矿相位。另外,盆地边缘或斜坡的沉积相序类型及演化,是沉积盆地分析的重要方面。碳酸盐台地边缘、斜坡或盆地边缘早已引起沉积学者及构造学者的注视,并有不少的论述(Wilson,1975;Mountjoy和James,1982;Read,1982,1985;Cook,1984;曾允孚等,1984)。现将碳酸盐台地边缘或斜坡的类型及沉积模式作一简要论述。     

关于“大贵州滩”

在20世纪90年代,Lehrmann等把中国南方贵州省南部罗甸地区早三叠世的一个孤立的"罗甸碳酸盐岩台地",称作"大贵州滩"。在国外,已有300多篇文章引用"大贵州滩"这一术语。笔者等曾对中国南方早及中三叠世的岩相古地理进行过研究,根据我们的地质资料,在贵州省南部的罗甸地区,在早三叠世,只有一个孤立的"罗甸碳酸盐岩台地",没有"大贵州滩",也不能把"罗甸碳酸盐岩台地"称作"大贵州滩"。《古地理学报》(英文版)2015年第4卷第1期,刊登了冯增昭等的文章,There was no"Great Bank of Guizhou"in the Early Triassic in Guizhou Province,South China(中国南方贵州省早三叠世没有"大贵州滩")。本文是该英文文章的详细摘要,目的在于让国内的广大读者也知道:"大贵州滩"这一术语是严重的名不副实,不应继续使用。     

广西那坡盆地火山岩-碳酸盐岩混杂型滑塌堆积:特殊的弧前域构造指相标志及其大地构造意义

本文详细调查揭示,位于中越边境地区的那坡弧前盆地北部边缘发育17处滑塌堆积,有些表现为火山岩-碳酸盐岩块混杂型滑塌堆积,即由火山岩滑塌块体和碳酸盐岩滑塌块体无序堆积而成;有些只是具软沉积变形特征的薄层碳酸盐岩滑塌块体;还有些是砂屑灰岩滑塌块体与碳酸盐岩(或钙质)浊积岩组合以及单一的碳酸盐岩浊积岩或碳酸盐岩碎屑流。碳酸盐岩质块体流和碎屑流一般夹于大型或巨型滑塌块体间,而碳酸盐岩(或钙质)浊积岩和块状砂岩等一般发育于滑塌堆积的远端,有的覆盖于滑塌块体之上。无论是时代还是地球化学组成,滑塌堆积中的具枕状构造的火山岩块与盆地北侧富宁县架街一带的早-中三叠世弧火山岩完全一致。具软沉积变形特征的薄层碳酸盐滑塌岩块中发育有厚30cm左右的风暴沉积层,暗示这些滑塌岩块是发育于火山弧边缘的或其上的局部的碳酸盐岩台地(主要为潮坪-潟湖相)沉积。与全球不同造山带弧前盆地对比表明,这些滑塌堆积是一种发育于构造活动强烈的弧前盆地边缘的特殊的事件沉积,可作为识别弧前域大地构造相单元的普适性沉积标志,也可用以分析断定俯冲增生造山极性。本文对碳酸盐岩滑塌块体的原始层理和软沉积变形的滑塌褶皱轴面方位测量统计揭示火山弧斜坡大体向南西方向(232°~240°)倾斜,滑塌堆积远端浊积岩古水流测量与校正结果揭示沉积物搬运方向为南或南西向,这表明华南地块与北越地块之间的古特提斯分支洋盆在早三叠世期间是向北俯冲消化减的。     

Middle Triassic conodonts from northeastern Spain: biostratigraphic implications

The facies development of the Spanish Triassic corresponds to the typical three-fold subdivision of the Germanic Facies: Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk and Keuper. Two intervals interpreted as epeiric carbonate platforms: lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) and upper Muschelkalk (Ladinian) are recognized during the Middle Triassic of northeastern Spain. These carbonate intervals are separated by one siliciclastic/evaporitic interval interpreted as sabbkha and saline deposits: middle Muschelkalk facies (Lower Ladinian). In northeastern Spain (Catalonian Coastal Ranges), two Middle Triassic sections comprising lower Muschelkalk facies have yielded the following conodont taxa: Paragondolella bulgarica, P. hanbulogi, P. bifurcata, Neogondolella constricta, N. cornuta, N. excentrica and N. basisymmetrica . The conodont sequence allows recognition of the P. bulgarica and N. constricta zones. These results indicate a middle–upper Pelsonian to upper Illyrian age (middle–upper Anisian), and represent the first conodont-chronostratigraphic approximation for the lower Muschelkalk facies of the western part of the Sephardic Province of the Triassic Tethys Realm.     

Early Triassic intertidal/subtidal patterns of sedimentation along the southern margins of the Tethyan seaway,Jordan

The early Triassic Dardur Formation, exposed along the northeastern margin of the Dead Sea area, comprises some 63 m of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks, arranged in two coarsening-upward sequences. Each sequence begins with a heterolithic facies (silty shale dolomite and marlstone) and terminates with a sandstone facies.The occurrence of mixed carbonate-dominated clastic coarsening-upward facies sequences, containing pelecypode and ostracode fossils and trace fossils is attributed to deposition in a tidally-dominated environment. Bedload traction transport was responsible for deposition of the sandstone facies in a permanently submerged, shallow subtidal zone, whereas the presence of small scale interference oscillation ripple marks, tidal rhythmites and mudcracks in the heterolithic facies indicate deposition under more fluctuating intertidal conditions.The organization of heterolithic and sandstone into vertically-stacked, coarsening-upward marine facies sequences is attributed to a deepening-upward trend from intertidal to subtidal conditions, in response to a series of minor local transgressions and regressions along the southern margins of the Tethyan seaway during early Triassic times.     

Facies architecture of an isolated carbonate platform: tracing the cycles of the Latemàr (Middle Triassic, northern Italy)

The 720-m-thick succession of the Middle Triassic Latemàr Massif (Dolomites, Italy) was used to reconstruct the lagoonal facies architecture of a small atoll-like carbonate platform. Facies analysis of the lagoonal sediments yields a bathymetric interpretation of the lateral facies variations, which reflect a syndepositional palaeorelief. Based on tracing of lagoonal flooding surfaces, the metre-scale shallowing-upward cycles are interpreted to be of allocyclic origin. Short-term sea-level changes led to subaerial exposure of wide parts of the marginal zone, resulting in the development of a tepee belt of varying width. Occasional emergence of the entire lagoon produced lagoon-wide decimetre-thick red exposure horizons. The supratidal tepee belt in the backreef area represented the zone of maximum elevation, which circumscribed the sub- to peritidal lagoonal interior during most of the platform's development. This tepee rim, the subtidal reef and a sub- to peritidal transition zone in between stabilized the platform margin. The asymmetric width of facies belts within individual metre-scale cycles was caused by redistribution processes that reflect palaeowinds and storm paths from the present-day south and west. The overall succession shows stratigraphic changes on a scale of tens of metres from a basal subtidal unit, overlain by three tepee-rich intervals, separated by tepee-poor units composed of subtidal to peritidal facies. This stacking pattern reflects two third-order sequences during the late Anisian to early middle Ladinian.     

Anatomy of a modern open-ocean carbonate slope: northern Little Bahama Bank

The open-ocean carbonate slope north of Little Bahama Bank consists of a relatively steep (4°) upper slope between water depths of 200 and 900 m, and a more gentle (1–2°) lower slope between depths of 900 and 1300+ m. The upper slope is dissected by numerous, small, submarine canyons (50–150 m in relief) that act as a line source for the downslope transport of coarse-grained carbonate debris. The lower slope is devoid of any well-defined canyons but does contain numerous, small (1–5 m) hummocks of uncertain origin and numerous, larger (5–40 m), patchily distributed, ahermatypic coral mounds. Sediments along the upper slope have prograded seaward during the Cenozoic as a slope-front-fill seismic facies of fine-grained peri-platform ooze. Surface sediments show lateral gradation of both grain size and carbonate mineralogy, with the fine fraction derived largely from the adjacent shallow-water platform. Near-surface sedimentary facies along the upper slope display a gradual downslope decrease in the degree of submarine cementation from well-lithified hardgrounds to patchily cemented nodular ooze to unlithified peri-platform ooze, controlled by lateral variations in diagenetic potential and/or winnowing by bottom currents. Submarine cementation stabilizes the upper part of the slope, allowing upbuilding of the platform margin, and controls the distribution of submarine slides, as well as the headward extent of submarine canyons. Where unlithified, sediments are heavily bioturbated and are locally undergoing dolomitization. Upper slope sediments are also ‘conditioned’eustatically, resulting in vertical, cyclic sequences of diagenetically unstable (aragonite and magnesian calcite-rich) and stable (calcite-rich) carbonates that may explain the well-bedded nature of ancient peri-platform ooze sequences. Lower slope sediments have prograded seaward during the Cenozoic as a chaotic-fill seismic facies of coarse-grained carbonate turbidites and debris flow deposits with subordinate amounts of peri-platform ooze. Coarse clasts are ‘internally’derived from fine-grained upper slope sediments via incipient cementation, submarine sliding and the generation of sediment gravity flows. Gravity flows bypass the upper slope via a multitude of canyons and are deposited along the lower slope as a wedge-shaped apron of debris, parallel to the adjacent shelf edge, consisting of a complex spatial arrangement of localized turbidites and debris flow deposits. A proximal apron facies of thick, mud-supported debris flow deposits plus thick, coarse-grained, Ta turbidites, grades seaward into a distal apron facies of thinner, grain-supported debris flow deposits and thinner, finer grained Ta-b turbidites with increasing proportions of peri-platform ooze. Both the geomorphology and sedimentary facies relationships of the carbonate apron north of Little Bahama Bank differ significantly from the classic submarine fan model. As such, a carbonate apron model offers an alternative to the fan model for palaeoenvironmental analysis of ancient, open-ocean carbonate slope sequences.     

黔西南微细粒金矿的油气成藏模式

贵州南部微细粒浸染型金矿位于扬子板块西南缘,其主要赋矿层位是二叠系－三叠系。容矿岩石为粘土岩,粉砂岩和不纯的碳酸盐岩,金矿床（点）主要分布在关局限台地相与台地边缘浅滩相粒灰岩的过渡带,孤立台地边缘和盆地相浊积岩,控矿构造为背斜轴部及其倾伏端等构造应力集中的地段,层间及层内断裂或岩溶不整合面,以及与背斜相伴生,共的断裂构造,成矿热液是沉积,成岩期中封闭的同生水（热卤水）或石油水,沉积作用阶段,为初始矿源岩形成,成岩作用阶段,像汞,锑,砷、金等活泼或较活泼的元素在压实作用和温度升高条件下,随岩石的水体一起排出而形成流体,构造作用阶段,形成背斜,断裂等容矿空间,改变了压平衡条件,足使成矿流体运移圈闭,表生风化剥蚀作用阶段,圈闭构造到风化剥蚀而导致含矿流体发生物理,化学变化,或其逸出地表,使太质沉淀,聚集而成矿。     

论古代海洋碳酸盐沉积环境基本模式

我国碳酸盐地层分布广泛,厚度巨大,类型复杂,从而为我国碳酸盐研究提供广阔前景。解放以后,我国首先在四川盆地的二、三叠系碳酸盐岩中获得高产气田,推动了碳酸盐岩的研究。     

The Triassic of the Thakkhola (Nepal). II: Paleolatitudes and comparison with other Eastern Tethyan Margins of Gondwana

During the Triassic, the Thakkhola region of the Nepal Himalaya was part of the broad continental shelf of Gondwana facing a wide Eastern Tethys ocean. This margin was continuous from Arabia to Northwest Australia and spanned tropical and temperate latitudes.A compilation of Permian, Triassic and early Jurassic paleomagnetic data from the reconstructed Gondwana blocks indicates that the margin was progressively shifting northward into more tropical latitudes. The Thakkhola region was approximately 55° S during Late Permian, 40° S during Early Triassic, 30° S during Middle Triassic and 25° S during Late Triassic. This paleolatitude change produced a general increase in the relative importance of carbonate deposition through the Triassic on the Himalaya and Australian margins. Regional tectonics were important in governing local subsidence rates and influx of terrigenous clastics to these Gondwana margins; but eustatic sea-level changes provide a regional and global correlation of major marine transgressions, prograding margin deposits and shallowing-upward successions. A general mega-cycle characterizes the Triassic beginning with a major transgression at the base of the Triassic, followed by a general shallowing-upward of facies during Middle and Late Triassic, and climaxing with a regression in the latest Triassic.     

闽西南地区早三叠世溪口组浊流沉积

闽西南地区的早三叠世溪口组主要由深水浊流沉积组成，可以识别出５个相类型:砾岩相、砂岩相、砂岩－泥岩相、粉砂岩－泥岩相、具粒序的粉砂质泥岩相。它们可组成５个相组合，分别形成于浊积扇的上扇、中扇和下扇环境。相组合的空间展布、古水流以及遗迹化石的分布均一致表明，当时的大陆坡倾向南东。砂岩的地球化学成分反映其构造背景为被动大陆边缘.     

大贵州滩二叠系—三叠系界线附近锶同位素组成特征

位于贵州南部的“大贵州滩”上,二叠系—三叠系界线附近地层为一套连续的发育完整的碳酸盐岩。二叠系顶部主要为厚层生物屑泥粒灰岩,而三叠系底部则主要为钙质微生物骨架灰岩及厚层粒泥灰岩。穿过二叠系—三叠系界线的取样累计厚度81m,二叠系和三叠系大致各占一半的厚度,共取样品91件,n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)值变化在0.707269～0.707409之间,平均为0.707327,低于现代海水的锶同位素比值的平均值（0.7090737）。锶同位素比值变化曲线表明从晚二叠世末期到早三叠世初期,同位素比值虽小幅度的起伏波动频繁,但总体上没有明显变化,三叠系底部的平均值（0.707330）略高于二叠系顶部的平均值（0.707323）。大贵州滩晚二叠世末至早三叠世初锶同位素组成的总体演化趋势与扬子台地及世界其它地方同时期的锶同位素组成的演化趋势（呈急剧的上升）不同,造成这种状况的原因可能是在全球事件控制的大背景下,由于大贵州滩特殊的环境条件,陆源物质对其影响小,导致了壳源锶对锶同位素组成的制约作用减弱,因而锶同位素组成未发生明显变化。